ʻike i ka lāʻau

ʻO ka lāʻau paha, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pōhaku, ka mea mua i hana ai ke kanaka i nā mea hana a me nā mea pono. ʻO ke kōkua mua o ke kanaka kahiko ʻaʻole hiki ke lilo i mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o kahi lāʻau, lāʻau, lālā a ʻokalaioa, ka mea i nalowale i nā kenekulia o ka wā i hala.

ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka wā ma mua, aia nō ka primacy ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia mau lā. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ʻano he mea hana - ʻoi aku ka nui ma hope o ke ʻano o nā plastics - ua kāohi ʻia, no ka mea, nui nā mea hana “lāʻau”, e like me nā lima lima, grater kino, etc. I kēia lā, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka lāʻau ma ke ʻano he mea, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka hale o ka hale a hiki i ka iwi o nā mokulele hoʻohālike, mai nā paia pā a hiki i nā kiʻi lāʻau.

ʻIke a hoʻohana i ka lāʻau

I ka nānā mua ʻana, he mea maʻalahi loa ke hoʻokele ma waena o nā mea lāʻau. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia: ʻo ka ʻike, hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hoʻohana a me ka hana ʻana i ka lāʻau e pono ai kekahi ʻike loea.

I ka hana ʻana ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ponoʻī, ʻike ke kanaka i ka lāʻau e like me ka lāʻau ʻili, ʻo ia hoʻi ka huahana semi-finished. ʻO ia mau mea he slats, beams, planks, boards and plates. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia mau mea a pau i ka lāʻau palupalu a paʻakikī paha. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau mea, ma ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana a me ka lōʻihi, maikaʻi loa.

Laau palupalu

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka lāʻau palupalu e ka nui o nā fibers, ʻikea nāwaliwali ke ʻano a me ka maʻalahi o ka compressibility. ʻO ka lāʻau palupalu i hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo ka fir. He māmā ka lāʻau kaʻa a hiki ke hana maikaʻi ʻia. ʻO nā puka, nā puka makani, nā papa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia i loko a puni ka hale. Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe kahiko, hele pū ka lāʻau palupalu iā mākou i ko mākou ola holoʻokoʻa, mai ka hana ʻana i ka moena a hiki i ka pahu.

Laau paʻa

ʻoi aku ka piha o ka lāʻau paʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ke kaumaha. He 830 g ke kaumaha o hoʻokahi decimeter cubic o ka lāʻau ʻala, a ʻo ka nui like o ka lāʻau palupalu 450 g wale nō. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā ʻili lāʻau paʻa a hōʻike i nā laina maikaʻi. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka māhele ʻana i ka lāʻau paʻa a liʻiliʻi nā māmala. ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi no ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻano o ka lāʻau paʻa, ʻo ia ka lāʻau broom, nā lima o nā mea hana like ʻole a me ka parquet. ʻO nā lāʻau me nā lau e like me ka nila, ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau, he palupalu, a ma waena o nā lāʻau deciduous, ʻo birch, poplar, willow a me linden ka mea palupalu.

Māmā, maloʻo a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka lāʻau

ʻO ka lāʻau maloʻo wale nō me ka liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 13% kūpono no ka hana ʻana. Loaʻa i ka lāʻau ka makū ʻaʻole wale i ka wā e hana ʻia ai ma hope koke o ka ʻoki ʻana - ua ʻōlelo ʻia me ka hoʻomākeʻaka “he mele ʻeleʻele ma luna o kēia kumulāʻau” - akā i ka wā i loaʻa ai iā ia ka manawa e komo ai i ka makū i ka wā e waiho ai.

Ua ʻike ʻia he hygroscopic ka lāʻau, akā hoʻoheheʻe lohi ka wai mai ia mea. Ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana, pono e ʻelemakule ka lāʻau palupalu no ka liʻiliʻi ʻelua makahiki, a me ka lāʻau paʻakikī no ʻehā makahiki, i mea e maloʻo ai no ka hana ʻana. ʻOiaʻiʻo,ʻo kēia keʻano i ka wā e hanaʻia ai ka maloʻoʻana i nā kūlana manuahi,ʻo ia hoʻi. Aia nā ʻōnaehana kamepiula hou a me nā mea maloʻo condensation e mālama i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaloʻo lāʻau, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka manawa no ka hoʻomaloʻo lāʻau maikaʻi i nā manawa he nui.

Ke hoʻoheheʻe ka wai mai ka lāʻau pulu - ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maloʻo ʻana a pulu i nā manawa he nui - ua ʻano ʻino ka lāʻau, “hana”. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e hiki ke helu ʻia ka makū o ka lāʻau i 130% o ka mea maloʻo o ka lāʻau.

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana ma muli o ka wahi, e nānā ana i ka ʻāpana keʻa o ka lāʻau, mai kahi i ʻoki ʻia ai ka lāʻau. I ʻole e pau ka ʻike o ka deformation ma muli o kekahi mau huaʻōlelo, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua iā mākou iho i nā inoa o nā ʻāpana i kūkulu i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau, e hoʻohana ana i ke kiʻi 1.

Kiʻi 1: Ke kūkulu lāʻau

Ke hōʻike nei ke kiʻi 2 i ke ʻano o ka ʻoki ʻia ʻana o nā papa a me nā kaola mai nā ʻāpana pākahi o ka hull. ʻO ka waiwai nui o ka lāʻau: e emi ana ka nui o ka lāʻau pulu ma muli o ka maloʻo. No kēia kumu, i ka wā e hana ai i nā mea mai ka lāʻau, pono e “hoʻopili” pono nā mea a ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā mea liʻiliʻi.

Hoʻokahi laʻana: ninini ka wahine hale i ka wai i loko o kahi pā lāʻau i hāʻule i mea e pehu ai ka wahie a pau ka wai i ka wai. Hoʻomoʻa ka papa i ka wai a pehu nui a hiki i ka “pani” nā māwae a ʻaʻole e kahe hou ka pā.

Kiʻi 2: Hoʻololi o ka lāʻau i ka wā maloʻo

Nā pulupulu, nā puʻupuʻu a me ke kūpaʻa

ʻO ka waiwai o ka lāʻau, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻoi aku ke kūpaʻa ma ke kuhikuhi o nā ʻili, akā maʻalahi ka maʻalahi, ʻoiai ʻo ia e haki maʻalahi e kū pololei i ka ʻaoʻao o nā fiber. ’Oko’a ke kū’ē ma muli o ka mānoanoa a me ke kaulike o ka hā’awi ’ana i ka fiber. ʻO nā pulupulu mānoanoa e hāʻawi i ke kū’ē nui, a ma kahi o nā pulupulu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia, e emi ana ke kūpaʻa.

Ua ʻoki ʻia ka lāʻau ʻili i ka lōʻihi ma ke ʻano o ka palaoa, koe wale nō ka wā i wili ʻia a nahā paha ka lāʻau. ʻO kahi e ulu ai nā lālā, ua hōʻailona ʻia e nā puʻupuʻu, a me ka wili a me ka huli ʻana e nā fiber.

Nā ʻano lāʻau ʻili ʻia

Inā ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka lāʻau ʻili i ka mānoanoa, a hiki i ka mānoanoa o 40 mm ua kapa ʻia he papa, a ma luna o ia mānoanoa ua kapa ʻia he papa. Inā he huinaha, polygonal maʻamau a i ʻole ʻāpana kea paha ka mea, a laila a hiki i nā ana 10 × 10 ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he lath, a ma luna o kēia mau ana ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kaola. Inā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana keʻa, e like me, no ka laʻana, nā mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no nā kiʻi kiʻi, a laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he ʻupena profiled.

ʻO ka lāʻau i ʻoki ʻole ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao he ʻaoʻao ma kahi liʻiliʻi a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili paʻa ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o kekahi. Hoʻolālā ʻia naʻe, hoʻolālā ʻia ma hope o ka ʻōpala ʻana, a he mau ʻili maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole naʻe.

Mea hoʻoheheʻe, plywood a me nā paneli lāʻau

Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā veneers, plywood a me nā papa-papa hou a me nā papa i uhi ʻia.

Veneer

Ke kuhi hewa pinepine ʻia ka lāʻau ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hana ʻia ka veneer ma ka ʻili ʻana i nā kumulāʻau nui, i hoʻohuli ʻia, e like me ka wehe ʻana i ke olonā. Loaʻa ka sawn veneer ma o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka papa ma hope o ka papa ma ka lāʻau, a me ka ʻokiʻoki ʻia ʻo ka pahi - ma ka ʻoki ʻana i nā papa me ka pahi ma ka lōʻihi o ka lāʻau. Hoʻololi ka mānoanoa o ka pā ma waena o 0,6 a me 1,2 mm.

ʻO kahi veneer me ka pōʻino ʻole, me ka ʻole o nā puʻupuʻu, me kahi ʻano maikaʻi ʻo ia ka veneer no ka uhi ʻana i ka “maka”, a ʻo kahi mea ʻuʻuku maikaʻi, ʻeha a hoʻomau ʻia, hoʻopili ʻia, he veneer no ka ʻaoʻao hope. Uhi ʻia ka ʻili o waho o ka hapa nui o nā lako me ka veneer, ʻoiai hoʻohana ʻia kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, no ke kua o ka lako.

Plywood

Hana ʻia nā papa Sprue ma ke kāwili ʻana i kekahi mau papa veneer maloʻo i kekahi i kekahi. Inā maʻamau a i ʻole diagonal nā kuhikuhi like ʻana o nā fiber, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika a me ke kaumaha ma mua o ka ikaika a me ke kaumaha o ka papa o ka mānoanoa like. ʻO ka mānoanoa o nā papa e like me ka helu o nā papa3-5 mmi ʻekolu-papa,6-8 mmi elima-papa i9-12 mmme eono papa.

Hana ʻia ka Veneer a me ka plywood mai ka lāʻau paʻakikī wale nō a no laila ua ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o nā papa like ka mānoanoa. Piʻi pū ko lākou kaumaha ma muli o ke kāpili.

Nā papa papa a me nā papa i uhi ʻia

Hana ʻia nā papa papa mai nā papa lāʻau palupalu i hoʻopili ʻia ma waena o ʻelua veneer a i ʻole nā ​​papa plywood, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka mānoanoa, hāʻawi i kahi ʻili paʻakikī a nani, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ko lākou kaumaha a me ka ikaika ma mua o nā papa lāʻau palupalu o ka mānoanoa like. I ka ʻoihana lako, ua loaʻa nā panela i ka hoʻohana ākea.

ʻO nā papa lole he mau papa lāʻau - plywood, panel boards, chipboards, hard fiber board, etc. - uhi ʻia me nā paneli plastik. Loaʻa iā lākou hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua ʻaoʻao maʻemaʻe, ʻālohilohi a koho ʻia i pena ʻia, no ka laʻana me kahi hoʻohālike o kahi papa lāʻau. ʻAʻole lākou maʻalahi loa, akā ma muli o ko lākou ikaika, hiʻohiʻona a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻalahi o ka ʻili, ua loaʻa iā lākou ka hoʻohana ākea.

Nā papa fiber paʻa a me nā papa hakahaka

ʻO nā papa i hana ʻia me nā fiber paʻakikī - nā papa fiber - ua hana ʻia mai nā fiber hemp i ʻoki ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau palupalu i hui ʻia me ka resin artificial, a ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela e kaomi ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe i nā papa. He kiʻekiʻe ko lākou kaumaha kikoʻī a i ka hihia o nā papa paʻakikī hiki ke hiki i i150%umekaumaha kiko o ka wai. Kapa pinepine ʻia kēia mau papa i nā papa hana.

ʻO kēia pūʻulu o nā papa pū kekahi me nā papa hollow i hana ʻia me ka lattice hana ʻia o nā papa lāʻau palupalu, uhi ʻia me nā papa. No ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻoki ʻia, hana ʻia kekahi mau mea e like me nā puka mai kēia mau papa.

lāʻau no nā puka makani a me nā puka

Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻololi i ka ʻike o ka lāʻau i ke koho kūpono o ka hoʻohui ʻana, e nānā i kā mākou puka puka lāʻau, nā puka maʻamau a hoʻouna i nā ana ma o ka palapala hoʻopili.