Muti ingangove, padivi pedombo, chinhu chekutanga kubva icho murume akagadzira maturusi nemidziyo. Rubatsiro rwekutanga rwemurume wekare harungadai rwakave chimwe chinhu kunze kweimwe kirabhu, danda, bazi kana munzwa, mucherechedzo wayo wakanyangarika mumazana emakore apfuura.
Muti waisangova nemukana pane zvimwe zvinhu kare, uchine hukuru sechinhu chinonyanya kushandiswa nhasi. Zvisinei, sechishandiso - kunyanya mushure mekuonekwa kwepurasitiki - inodzvinyirirwa, nokuti midziyo yakawanda “yehuni”, yakadai sezvibatiso zvezvishandiso, miviri yegrater, nezvimwewo, nhasi yakagadzirwa nemapurasitiki. Nhasi, huni hunonyanya kushandiswa sechinhu, kutanga kubva padenga reimba kusvika kune skeleton yemuenzaniso ndege, kubva pakukamura madziro kusvika kumifananidzo yemapuranga.
Kuzivikanwa uye kushandiswa kwehuni
Pakutanga kuona, zvinoita kunge zviri nyore kufamba pakati pezvigadzirwa zvemapuranga. Zvisinei, izvi handizvo: kuziva, kuisa mumapoka, kushandisa nekugadzirisa huni kunoda ruzivo rwenyanzvi.
Paunenge uchishanda pasi pegwara remunhu, munhu anosangana nematanda kunge ane matanda akachekwa, kureva chigadzirwa chakapera. Zvinhu zvakadai ma slats, matanda, mapuranga, mapuranga uye mahwendefa. Zvinhu zvose izvi zvinogona kugadzirwa nematanda akapfava kana akaoma. Musiyano uripo pakati pezvinhu izvi, zvese maererano nemagadzirirwo nekusimba, wakakura.
huni nyoro
huni yakapfava inogona kuzivikanwa nemafibhi akakura, zviri pachena kuti haina kusimba chimiro uye nyore compressibility. Inenge yakanyanya kushandiswa huni yakapfava ndeyefir. Fir huni yakareruka uye inogona kuumbwa zvakanaka. Magonhi, mahwindo, mafuremu, nezvimwewo zvinogadzirwa kubva mairi mukati nekupoteredza imba. Vakuru vaiwanzoti huni dzakapfava dzinotiperekedza kweupenyu hwedu hwese, kubva pakugadzira mubhedha kusvika pabhokisi.
Hardwood
Hardwood yakazara, yakakura uye inorema. Imwe cubic decimeta yehuni yakakasharara inorema 830 g, uye vhoriyamu imwe chete yehuni yakapfava chete 450 g. Hardwood fibers inoparadzirwa zvakanyanya uye inoratidza mitsetse yakanaka. Hardwood inonetsa kupatsanura uye ine mitsetse mishoma. Muenzaniso wakanaka wekuratidza maitiro ehuni yakaoma inobata mutsvairo, mabatiro ezvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana uye parquet. Miti ine mashizha akafanana netsono, yakasvibira, yakapfava, uye pakati pemiti inodonha, birch, poplar, willow nelinden inonzi yakapfava.
Kunyorova, kuomesa uye kushanduka kwehuni
Huni yakaoma chete ine isingasviki 13% mwando ndiyo yakakodzera kugadzirwa. Huni dzine hunyoro kwete chete padzinogadzikiswa pakarepo mushure mekunge dzatemwa — zvinowanzotaurwa zvichiseka kuti “shiri yenhema yakaimba ichangobva kuimba pamuti uyu” - asiwo payakawana mukana wekutora hunyoro panguva yekuchengetedza.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti huni hune hygroscopic, asi nekukasira kunwa mvura inobuda zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mairi. Mushure mekucheka, huni dzakapfava dzinofanira kunge dzakwegura kwemakore maviri, uye huni dzakaoma kwemakore mana, kuitira kuti dziome zvakakwana pakugadzirisa. Zvechokwadi, iyi ndiyo nyaya apo kuomeswa kunoitwa mumamiriro ekusununguka, i.e. zvakasikwa. Ikozvino kune masisitimu emazuva ano emakombuta uye macondensation dryer anodzora kuomeswa kwehuni, uye nguva yekuomeswa kwehuni yakaderedzwa kakawanda.
Kana mvura ikanyunguruka kubva muhuni nyoro - kunyanya kana yaoma uye ichinyorova kakawanda ichitevedzana - huni hwunoremara zvakanyanya, “hunoshanda”. Izvi zvinonzwisisika kana ukarangarira kuti mwando wakatorwa nehuni unogona kusvika 130% yehuni yakaoma.
Deformation inonyanya kuenderana nenzvimbo, kutarisa pamuchinjikwa-chikamu chehuni, kubva panochekwa matanda. Kuti nzwisiso yedeformation isarambe isina kukwana nekuda kwemamwe mazwi, ngatitangei tajairana nemazita ezvikamu zvinoumba chimiro chemuti, tichishandisa mufananidzo 1.
Mufananidzo 1: Chimiro chemuti
Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza kuti mapuranga nematanda akachekwa kubva kune dzimwe nhengo dzehall akaremara sei. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chehuni ndechekuti: huwandu hwehuni hunyoro hunoderera semugumisiro wekuoma. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pakugadzira zvinhu kubva pamatanda, zvinhu zvinofanira kunyatso “kukodzera” uye kuchekwa kusvika kune zviduku zvishoma pane zviduku.
Mumwe muenzaniso uri pachena: amai vemba vanodira mvura muchigero chemapuranga chadonha kuitira kuti huni dzizvimbe uye chimwiro chimire kubuda mvura. Bhodhi rinotora mvura nekuzvimba zvekuti mitswe “inovhara” uye chigero hachichabvisi.
Mufananidzo 2: Kuchinja kwehuni panguva yekuomesa
Fibers, mapfundo uye kusimba
Iyo hunhu hwehuni hunhu hwehuni ndeyekuti inopokana munzira yefibers, asi inotsemuka zviri nyore, nepo ichitsemuka nyore perpendicular kugwara remafibhi. Kupikisa kunosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekuwanda uye kuenzana kwekugovera kwefiber. Dense fibers inopa kupikisa kukuru, uye panzvimbo yefiber dzakasununguka uye dzisina kugoverwa, kupikisa kunoderera.
Mapango anochekwa anochekwa kureba akananga kutsanga, kunze kwekunge danda rakamonyoroka kana kupatsanurwa. Nzvimbo inokura matavi inoratidzwa nemapfundo, uye inomonyoroka nekushanduka neshinda.
Maumbirwo emapuranga akachekwa
Kana danda rakachekwa rakafara zvakanyanya kana richienzaniswa neukobvu hwaro, kusvika pakukora 40 mm rinodaidzwa kuti bhodhi, uye pamusoro pehukobvu ihwohwo rinonzi bhodhi. Kana zvinhu zvacho zvine sikweya, yenguva dzose yepolygonal kana rectangular cross-section, zvino kusvika kune zviyero 10 × 10 inonzi lath, uye pamusoro pezviyero izvi inonzi danda. Kana chikamu chemuchinjiko chiine chimiro chakaomesesa, senge, semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa mafuremu emifananidzo, zvobva zvadaidzwa kuti profild batten.
Mapango asina kuchekwa padivi ane divi rimwechete mbishi uye nekudaro haakwanise kuiswa zvakasimba padivi pemumwe. Yakarongwa, zvisinei, inorongwa mushure mekukweshwa, uye ine nzvimbo yakatsetseka, isina kupatsanurwa.
Veneer, plywood uye mapaneru ehuni
Pakuita, maveneer, plywood nemabhodhi matsva nemabhodhi akavharidzirwa anoshandiswa zvakanyanya.
Veneer
Plywood inowanzonzi veneer zvisizvo. Kazhinji, veneer inogadzirwa nekusvuura miti mikuru, iyo inopindurwa, kufanana nemucheka wekusunungura. Sawn veneer inowanikwa nekucheka bhodhi mushure mebhodhi padivi pemuti, uye banga-sliced veneer - nekucheka mapuranga nebanga kureba kwemuti. Ukobvu hwendiro hunochinja pakati pe 0,6 ne 1,2 mm.
A veneer isina kukuvadzwa, isina mapfundo, ine chimiro chakanaka ivheji yekuvharisa “chiso”, uye isina kunaka, inogona kukuvadzwa uye inoenderera, yakanamirwa, ivheji yekumashure. Kunze, kunoonekwa pamusoro pefenicha yakawanda yakafukidzwa neveneer, nepo imwe mhando yeveneer inoshandiswa, semuenzaniso, kuseri kwefenicha.
Plywood
Mapuranga esprue anogadzirwa nekunamira akati wandei akaoma veneer mapuranga kune mumwe nemumwe. Kana kuwirirana kwemafibers kwakajairika kana kuti diagonal, simba nehuremu zvakapetwa kakati wandei kupfuura kusimba uye huremu hwebhodhi rehukobvu hwakafanana. Ukobvu hwemahwendefa zvichienderana nenhamba yezvikamu ndeye3-5 mmmuzvikamu zvitatu,6-8 mmmuzvikamu zvishanu i9-12 mmine mitsara mitanhatu.
Veneer uye plywood inogadzirwa chete kubva kune hardwood uye saka inorema kupfuura mapuranga ehukobvu hwakafanana. Kurema kwavo kunowedzerawo nekuda kweglue.
Panel mapuranga uye akavharidzirwa mapuranga
Panel mapuranga anogadzirwa kubva kune softwood slats anonamirwa pakati peveneer maviri kana plywood mapuranga, iyo inowedzera ukobvu, inopa yakaoma uye yakanaka nzvimbo, uye uremu hwavo uye simba zvakakwirira zvishoma pane softwood mapuranga ehukobvu hwakafanana. Muindasitiri yefenicha, mapaneru akawana kushandiswa kwakakura.
Mabhodhi akapfekedzwa mapuranga emapuranga - plywood, mapuranga emapuranga, chipboards, hard fiber boards, nezvimwewo - akafukidzwa nemapuranga epurasitiki. Vane rimwe kana mativi maviri akatsetseka, anopenya uye akasarudzika pendi, semuenzaniso nekutevedzera kwepanhi rehuni. Iwo haana kudhura zvakanyanya, asi nekuda kwesimba rawo, chitarisiko uye nyore kuchenesa pamusoro, ivo vakawana yakafara application.
Hard fiber board uye maburi mabhodhi
Mabhodhi akagadzirwa neshinda dzakaoma - fiber board - inogadzirwa kubva kune yakapwanyika hemp fibers kana yakapfava huni shavings yakasanganiswa neyakagadzirwa resin, iyo mushure mekupisa kurapwa inotsikirirwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru mumapuranga. Uremu hwavo hwakanyanya hwakakwirira uye munyaya yemapuranga akaoma inogona kusvika i150%chaiyo gravity yemvura. Aya mapuranga anowanzonzi artificial boards.
Iri boka remapuranga rinosanganisirawo mapuranga asina maburi akagadzirwa nelatisi yekuvaka ye softwood slats, yakavharwa nemapuranga. Sezvo zvisingakwanisi kutemwa, zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai semagonhi zvinogadzirwa kubva pamapuranga aya.
Matanda emahwindo nemagonhi
Kana iwe uchida kushandura ruzivo rwehuni kuita sarudzo yakanaka yekubatanidza, tarisa mahwindo emapuranga, magonhi etsika uye tumira zviyero kuburikidza ne peji yekubata.