Inothi Lokuvikeleka: Lona umbhalo wokufundisa ofakwe kungobo yomlando ovela2017. unyaka, hhayi umyalo wokwenziwa okuzimele kwemisebenzi kagesi. Ukufakwa nokulungiswa kukagesi kufanele kuphathiswe osebenza ngogesi oqeqeshiwe, ngokuhambisana nemithetho yamanje kanye nesimo sokufakwa okuthile.
Kungani ugesi udinga ukuqapha okukhethekile
Uma sihamba ngendiza, sijabula kakhulu, lapho siwela umgwaqo siqaphela kakhulu, emanzini ajulile sibhukuda ngendlela efanele, kodwa ngokuvamile asinandaba lapho sisebenza ngomsinga kagesi, oyingozi kakhulu kunanoma yini enye. Ubudedengu, mhlawumbe buvela eqinisweni lokuthi ugesi usuphenduke umsizi wethu wansuku zonke futhi asikwazi ukucabanga ukuphila ngaphandle kwawo.
Nokho, amandla kagesi ayingozi empilweni futhi kufanele siqaphe kakhulu lapho sisebenza kuwo. Sekuvele kukhona okuthiwa amanethiwekhi e-low-voltage (110 - 220 - 380 V) abeka impilo engcupheni, ingasaphathwa eyamandla kalayini wokudlulisa amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-volts. Ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu, kusetshenziswa ama-voltage angu-42 V, kodwa nalo mandla kagesi angabangela ukushaqeka kukagesi, futhi ama-voltage angaphezu kuka-50 V azoyibangela. Ukushaqeka kukagesi kwamadivayisi asebenza kusetshenziswa amabhethri okuthiwa ama-microvoltages asevele ayingozi kancane, kodwa nalapha kufanele uqaphele, ngoba amanye alawa madivayisi (isb. isibani sedivayisi yokukhanyisa itende) angaba nogesi oguquliwe ophezulu oyingozi empilweni.
Voltage, yamanje namandla
Kusuka kokungenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ingozi yokuphila ngamandla kagesi incike kuphela ku-voltage. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwe-voltage, yamanje, evezwe ku-amperes (ilebula A), inethonya elibalulekile. Umkhiqizo walezi zilinganiso ezimbili unikeza amandla (umphumela) wamanje kagesi, ovezwa ngama-watts (uphawu W). Ubukhulu be-voltage, i-volt, (imakwe V) imakwe kuwo wonke amalambu kagesi nakuwo wonke amadivayisi kagesi. Uphawu lwamandla amanje, i-ampere (A), aluvamile kangako. Lobu bukhulu ngokuvamile buboniswa i-fuse, futhi kusho ukuthi uma inani layo lidlula, ucingo lwe-fuse luyancibilika futhi lunqamule ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi. Sihlangana nophawu lokusebenza lwe-watt kaningi: lutholakala ezintweni ezisebenza ngogesi futhi lubonisa ukuthi idivayisi “iwatholayo” angakanani amandla, okusho ukuthi inamawathi amangaki.
Uma sazi ezimbili zale datha emithathu, eyesithathu ingabalwa kalula kusetshenziswa ifomula elula V x A = W, okuvela kuyo A = W / V noma V = W / A
Singakwazi ukuqhathanisa i-voltage, ekhonjiswa ama-volts (V), nengcindezi kunethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi, kanye neyamanje, ekhonjiswa i-ampere (A), nenani lamanzi agelezayo aphuma kunethiwekhi ngomzuzwana owodwa, okuncike ekucindezelweni kwenethiwekhi nokuphuma kompompi. Okuphumayo lapha kunqunywa yileyo ngxenye yenethiwekhi kanye nokuhlangana okunomphumela ophansi kakhulu nokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu. Singaqhathanisa okukhiphayo noma amandla avezwa ngama-watt namandla amanzi aphuma empompini namandla wokwenza umsebenzi, isb. ukuze uvule umjikelezo wamanzi (fig. 1).
Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-voltage, yamanje namandla nokucindezela, ukugeleza nokusebenza kwamanzi.
Isibonelo esisodwa: Ipuleti elisesitofini elisuka220V kanye nokukhishwa kwe-kilowatt eyodwa (1000watt) isebenza nge-current of 1000:220=4,5ampere.
Uma inethiwekhi yethu ivikelwe i-fuse yama-amps angu-6, lapho-ke omunye umsebenzisi wama-watts 500 evulwa (isb. ama-ayina kagesi), i-fuse izoncibilika futhi sizosala singenawo ugesi.
Ama-Fuse nokuvikelwa kokulayisha ngokweqile
Uma sikhuluma ngamafuse, kuyithuba lokwazi kabanzi ngawo. Ama-Fuse avikela izinto zikagesi zasendlini nokunye ukufakwa kwenethiwekhi yefulethi kanye nemigqa esezindongeni ekulayishweni ngokweqile, emiphumeleni yamasekhethi amafushane futhi anikeze isivikelo ku-touch voltage.
Ukulayisha ngokweqile kungenzeka uma silayisha inethiwekhi ekhona yefulethi enemishini emisha kagesi yasendlini futhi siyisebenzise ngesikhathi esifanayo, kodwa kungenzeka futhi uma, ngokwesibonelo, emshinini wokuwasha, umthwalo wakhe ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile usekelwa inethiwekhi, ilondolo ibamba futhi injini iyama. Ezimweni ezinjalo, injini “idonsa” izikhathi eziningana zamanje kusuka kunethiwekhi kunaleyo okuzisholo. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ukulayisha ngokweqile kwenzeka ngoba sisebenzisa wonke ama-hotplates ngisho nehhavini yesitofu sikagesi ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuyinto, futhi, ayikwazi ukuphathwa yinethiwekhi ekhona. “I-short circuit” iyimvelo ehluke ngokuphelele, evame ukwenzeka lapho uxhumano lwensimbi lwama-conductor ngaphansi kwama-voltage ahlukene kwenzeka, ezimweni eziningi ngenxa yokwehluleka kokufakwa kwe-insulation (isb.
Isimiso sokusebenza kwama-fusible fuse simi kanje: kwisekethe yamanje okufanele ivikelwe, i-conductor eyodwa enjalo ifakiwe ingxenye yayo evumela ukudlula komsinga ovunyelwe kuphela futhi oncibilika ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eligxilile lomsinga onamandla. Ukuqinisekisa ushintsho olulula nolungenangozi lwe-conductor evikelayo, kanye nokuxhumeka kwayo kalula kunethiwekhi, ama-fuses asetshenziswa. Amafusi aqukethe izingxenye ezine - isisekelo (isisekelo), indandatho elinganisiwe, ikepisi (ikhanda) elinomucu kanye nokufaka (fig. 2).
Izingxenye ze-Fusible fuse.
Isisekelo nekepisi elinentambo azidingi kuchazwa. Indandatho elinganisiwe yenziwe nge-porcelain noma impahla yokwenziwa futhi esimweni esihlangene ihlezi engxenyeni engezansi yesisekelo. Ukuvulwa phakathi kwendandatho elinganisiwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi isifunda sivaliwe kuphela nge-fusible insert, edlula kulokhu kuvula. Ingaphezulu lendandatho yokulinganisa inombala futhi lo mbala kufanele ufane nombala wediski yokufaka i-fusible. Ukusetshenziswa kokufakwa kombala ohlukile nakho kuvunyelwe, inqobo nje uma umgodi wendandatho elinganisiwe ungavimbeli ukufakwa kokufaka, okungukuthi lokho okufakiwe kuncibilika nge-amperage ephansi (imibala kanye ne-amperage ehambisanayo inikezwe etafuleni).
Okufakwayo okuguquguqukayo kungashesha futhi kuhambe kancane, isb. ekulayisheni okufanayo, okokuqala kuzoncibilika ngokushesha futhi kamuva kube lula. Isikhathi sokuncibilika sincike kusayizi wokulayisha ngokweqile, kodwa uma kwenzeka isifunda esifushane, zombili izinhlobo ze-fusible fuses zizoshisa engxenyeni yomzuzwana.
Intambo ye-fusible kokufakwayo ifakwa esihlabathini se-quartz ukuze inganqamuki ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi indlela ephephile yokuvala ugesi efulethini ukusonta ngokucophelela i-fuse. Uhlobo lwamafuse asetshenziselwa ugesi wasendlini ithi DZ II (diazed, ngochungechunge olujwayelekile lwe-plug-in).
Imibala ewuphawu yokufakwa okuncibilikayo DZ II
Ikalwe okwamanje, A Umbala
2 pink
4 nsundu
6 okuluhlaza
10 bomvu
15 mpunga
20 modra
25 yellow
Amakilasi okuvikela, ikhebula lokuvikela nezixhumi
Ngaphezu kwamafuse, kunezinye izixazululo namadivayisi okuvikela komuntu siqu asebenza ngogesi. Isixazululo esinjalo isb. ukufakwa kabili kumathuluzi omshini wasekhaya wekhwalithi engcono. Imishini evikelwe ngale ndlela ayidingi ukufakwa insulated, ayinawo ama-clamps akhethekile emigqa yokuzivikela, kwanele ukumane ufake ipulaki ku-socket. Ukumakwa kwe-insulation ephindwe kabili okuyingxenye yesigaba II sokuvikela ukuthintana kuyisikwele esisodwa esikhulu nesincane esisodwa ngaphakathi kwakho. Amadivayisi ekilasi O yilawo angenazo ukuvikelwa, ikilasi I kufanele lisekelwe ngokuvikelekile, futhi isigaba III singamadivayisi ane-voltage ephansi.
Ngohlelo lomugqa wokuvikela, kunomugqa wesithathu ohlukile kunethiwekhi oxhunywe kulayini wesithathu kudivayisi ngepulaki yokuvikela. Uma isifunda esifushane senzeka kudivayisi, i-current izophinde igeleze kulolu cingo lwesithathu oluvikelayo. Uma ifika kumitha yamanje, ivala i-circuit breaker noma ihambe i-fuse encane. (Lena idivayisi encane ezenzakalelayo esikhundleni semitha yamanje ezenzakalelayo enethebhu yokuvala okuthi, uma kuba yisifunda esifushane, inqamule ukunikezwa kukagesi ngamasekhondi angu-5. Uma iphutha lilungisiwe, lingavulwa futhi ngokucindezela inkinobho enkulu, enombala omnyama, emise okwesikwele)
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amadivayisi anokuvikela okunqanda ukuthinta axhunywe kunethiwekhi lapho kukhona ikhondakta yesithathu evikelayo. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa uhlobo olukhethekile lwepulaki elivikelayo elivimbela ukuxhuma kusokhethi okungalungile. Amapulagi namasokhethi anokuvikela okunqanda ukuthinta angabonakala kalula ngamarayili ensimbi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ahambisana namapulaki (fig.3).
Izimpawu zokuvikela nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamapulaki namasokhethi.
Iphutha elivamile nelibeka ukuphila engozini yilapho ikhebuli yesisetshenziswa sikagesi inwetshwa ukuze enye indawo ivikeleke ekuthinteni, kanti enye ekugcineni, lapho ipulaki yokuxhuma kunethiwekhi itholakala khona, ingavikelekile. Ngale ndlela, i-extender ingaxhunywa kunethiwekhi ngokuvikelwa kokuthinta, kodwa futhi kunethiwekhi ngaphandle kwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, idivayisi yekhebula enokuvikelwa okunqanda ukuthinta ingaxhunywa futhi umsebenzisi unombono wokuthi ivikelekile ekuthinteni, kuyilapho empeleni ingaxhumekile. Ngakho-ke, kufanele usebenzise intambo enwetshiwe evikelekile ekuthinteni kuzo zombili iziphetho noma ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kuzo zombili iziphetho. Lokhu nje mayelana nezandisi: kunconywa ukubopha izakhi zazo komunye nomunye ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa ngendlela yokuthi zingahlukaniswa kamuva (isb. ngebhande lenjoloba); akumele zibekwe phansi, kodwa phezu kwetafula, esihlalweni noma zilengiswa emnyango ukuze zingahlangani namanzi.
Imibala yokuvala ikhondatha
Ukwazi imibala yamakhondatha kubalulekile ngoba izimpawu zombala zishintshile, futhi kokubili izimpawu ezintsha nezindala zingatholakala. Kuzo zombili izimpawu ezintsha nezindala zesigaba esisodwa kanye nesigaba sesithathu samanje, umbala womqhubi wesigaba umnyama. Intambo yokuhola enguziro yayikade yaba mpunga futhi manje isiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala wekhondatha yesithathu ukuze uvikeleke ekuthinteni ububomvu ngaphambili, futhi umbala wamanje uluhlaza-phuzi (imithende yobude).
Ukuhlelwa kokufakwa kanye nekhebula
Ukufakwa kokufaka ugesi akuwona umsebenzi omncane. Lokhu akunjalo ikakhulukazi uma inethiwekhi ine-voltage ephansi (hhayi encane). Kungcono ukuphathisa izingcweti eziqeqeshiwe kuphela imisebenzi kagesi, ngisho noma kufanele sichithe imali eningi ngomsebenzi wemizuzu embalwa sinobuhlungu benhliziyo. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasekufakweni kwezakhiwo ezintsha namafulethi, nakuba singasebenza ngokuphepha kulokhu inqobo nje uma ugesi ungakhanyi. Impela, nalapha singamukela kuphela imisebenzi “yemishini”, sikhumbula okulandelayo:
-Kuyo yonke m2 yendawo esiyikhanyisayo, kufanele sibale cishe 10 watts.
-Kunconywa ukuthi ucabange ukukhanya ngokuvikela ukuxhopha, ngoba nakuba ngakho ukukhanya kuphansi (ngenxa yokuhlakazeka nokukhanya), ukukhanya okuvikelekile kuvikela amehlo ethu.
-Isibani sokukhanyisa esikhethekile kufanele siklanywe ngenhla noma eduze kwezindawo zokusebenza ezihlala njalo nezindawo zokusebenza (isb., itafula lasekhishini, isitofu, ideski, isibuko sasendlini yokugezela).
-Amaswishi okukhanyisa kufanele abekwe ezindaweni okufinyeleleka kalula kuzo kuyilapho kwanelisa izimfuneko zobuhle, noma okungenani 1,2 m kude namapayipi nokunye ukufakwa kukagesi. Emakamelweni anomoya onomswakama kanye ne-steam (amakamelo okuhlanza, izindlu zangasese) kufanele ugweme ukufaka amaswishi okukhanyisa.
-Amaswishi namapulaki kufanele athobele imithetho yokuphepha yobuchwepheshe. Ukushintsha kufanele kube yi-double pole futhi amapulaki kube nzima ukuthi izingane ziwafinyelele noma “avikelwe”.
-Emathebula omsebenzi, qaphela ukuthi athola ukukhanya ukusuka kwesokunxele. Ngakho-ke amasokhethi amaningi kufanele afakwe ukuze izinto zikagesi zasendlini kanye nemithombo yokukhanya ephathekayo ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kwentambo yokunweba. Ama-arcs adwetshwe endaweni yokuxhumana ane-radius yobude bekhebuli kufanele amboze igumbi lonke.
-Insimbi kagesi kufanele isebenze ngesinciphisi sikagesi esiphansi, esihlukaniswe ngokuphelele nemigqa yamandla kagesi aphansi.
-Amakhebuli angafakwa kuphela umuntu osebenza ngogesi ogunyaziwe, eqaphela imithetho eminingi yobuchwepheshe nezokuphepha.
-Umakhi omuhle wesakhiwo somndeni ushiya indawo yemisele emikhulu, izimbobo, njll. phakathi nokwakhiwa. lapho izintambo nokunye ukufakwa kukagesi kuzobekwa khona, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla (fig. 4).
Isibonelo sokuma kwezintambo nokufakwa odongeni.
-Okufanayo kufanele kwenziwe lapho uplasta. Ezindaweni lapho izintambo zizobekwa khona, sidinga ukubeka ama-slats ane-cross-section ngesimo se-rhombus enobubanzi obungu-1,5-3,0 cm ukuze uhlangothi lwawo olubanzi lubheke ngaphandle. Sizowasusa la ma-slats ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi wamapayipi futhi sifake amapayipi okuvikela kanye namapayipi endaweni yawo ngaphandle kokulimaza udaka.
Uma sisiza ngokushuna, kufanele nakanjani sisebenzise izibuko zokuzivikela, mhlawumbe isivikelo seminwe. Kunconywa ukusebenza ngemivimbo emincane eminingana. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze ungalimazi izindonga ezintsha ngokungadingekile, okungukuthi kudingekile ukumaka ngokunembile indawo kanye nobukhulu lapho kudingekile ukusika kusengaphambili.
Ezakhiweni ezomile, kungcono ukusebenzisa amapayipi okuvikela amaphepha, okuvunywayo, abiza kakhulu, kodwa kuwo amapayipi kulula ukushintsha nokulungisa. Amapayipi amafushane kodwa asetshenziswe ngendlela efanele angasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezimfushane ngemva kokuhlanza. Ezikhathini zamuva, amapayipi ane-PVC ephindwe kabili afakwe ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwe-plaster. Lesi sixazululo sishibhile kodwa asisebenzi, ngoba ukuthola iphutha elingenzeka, udinga ukususa ukhonkolo. Uma kungenzeka, akufanele usebenzise imigqa esetshenzisiwe kakade, ngoba amakhefu angaphakathi afihliwe kunzima kakhulu ukusungula nabo. Izinto zokufakelwa noma ulwelwesi olusetshenziswayo ngokuvamile alujwayelekile noma alukhathali, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwabo kungaba yingozi empilweni (udonga “lunyakaza”), ikakhulukazi emakamelweni anomswakama. Ukunakwa okukhulu kufanele kukhokhwe ekubekweni nasekuhlanganisweni kwemishini yasendlini. Kufanele sizibuze mathupha futhi sihlole ukuthi into esetshenziswayo inaso yini indawo ephansi futhi, uma ikhona, lapho kufanele ixhunywe khona, yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha ezinqunyiwe mayelana nayo (isib. ukufakwa kwe-valve enciphisa ukushisa endaweni yokufudumeza amanzi, njll.). Kufanele kuqikelelwe ukuthi izinto zokupheka, izinto zokushisisa, iziqandisi, njll. zibekwe ezindaweni ezifinyeleleka kalula futhi endaweni ephakeme efanele, kanye nokuvikela indawo ezizungezile emlilweni.
Izinhlobo nezindlela zokuvikela ekuthinteni ngephutha amadivayisi ezindlini nakubasebenzisi, kuye ngendawo yokufaka, zinikezwe kumithethonqubo evumelekile yokusebenza kokufakwa kukagesi namandla ezakhiweni (ukufakwa okuphindwe kabili, ulayini ovikelayo, njll.)
Incazelo yengobo yomlando yokuxhumana kwekhaya
Umnikazi webhilidi angasiza futhi ekusebenzeni koxhumano lwendlu ngokulinamathisela ngezisekelo zophahla noma ngokufaka ukufakwa okusekelayo okugqitshwe odongeni. Ngalokhu, kufanele wazi ukuthi ngaphandle kwesigxobo, ibanga elingama-25 m lingavinjwa. Uma ibanga likhulu, okuthunyelwe okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kufanele kufakwe. Ubude bomugqa womoya kufanele okungenani kube 3 m, futhi uma izimoto nazo zidlula ngaphansi kwawo, okungenani 5m (fig. 5).
Ukubonisa ubude nobude bomugqa womoya.
Ubude bokuxhumeka kwendlu phezu kwendawo yokubeka uphahla kufanele okungenani kube 100 cm, futhi uma uphahla luyisicaba, khona-ke 200 cm. Ipayipi kufanele liboshwe endaweni yokusekela uphahla okungenani ezindaweni ezimbili ngentambo yensimbi futhi lihle uma lifakwe uthayela.
Ekwakhekeni kwepayipi kanye nokwesekwa kophahla, qinisa ishidi lokugcina epayipi ngokufaka i-soldering ne-putty ukuze uhlangothi olungaphezulu lube ngaphansi kwe-tile, futhi uhlangothi olungezansi lungaphezu kwe-tile. Yile ndlela esizogwema ngayo ukuvuza kophahla. Ukuxhumeka kwendlu kungabuye kubekwe odongeni oluhlangothini lwesakhiwo. Kulesi simo, iziqeshana zokulungisa kufanele okungenani zihlukane ngo-100 cm. Engxenyeni ephakathi kwengxenye engezansi yepayipi kanye nepayipi yokungena, ipayipi yokuhola noma ye-PVC ifakwe ku-arc, ukuze ingxenye engezansi yepayipi ibhojwe ukuze kukhishwe amanzi okungenzeka angena epayipini. Uma ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kungaphezulu kuka-5 m, uxhumano lwendlu lungaxazululeka futhi ukufakwa kwe-insulation okudingeka kakhulu kugqitshwe odongeni. Ibanga phakathi kokufakwa kwe-insulation kanye ne-gutter kumele okungenani libe ngu-50 cm. Ipayipi lokungena kufanele libekwe ngakwesokudla kwe-insulator (fig. 6). Ezindlini, kungcono kakhulu ukubeka imigqa kumapayipi e-Bergmann (fig. 7).
Ukuxhumeka kwendlu nge-roof rack kanye nodonga olusemaceleni.
Izibonelo zokuqalisa ukufaka ngamashubhu e-Bergman.
Incazelo yengobo yomlando yokuxhuma nokuhlukanisa imigqa
Olayini bakagesi kufanele baxhunywe ngendlela yokuthi isekethe yamanje ibonakale ngokungenasici. Lapho uxhuma izintambo eziboshiwe, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-insulation kuhle.
Iziphetho zemigqa zithengiswa kangcono. Ngalokhu kuxhunywa, ukufakwa kufanele kususwe emigqeni yomibili ngobude be-20-25 mm futhi iziphetho zemigqa kufanele zihlanzwe nge-sandpaper noma klwelwe ngommese. Hlanganisa iziphetho ezihlanjululwe, jika izikhathi eziningana bese u-solder. Ngemuva kwe-soldering, ukuhlanganiswa kufanele kufakwe kahle.
Ukuphenduka kwe-tape ye-insulating kuqala engxenyeni yamanzi e-insulated, kuqhubeke engxenyeni edayisiwe futhi kuphele futhi engxenyeni ehlanganisiwe. Kuhle kakhulu uma izingqimba ezimbili zokufakelwa zibekwe endaweni ehlangene ngaphezu kwesinye (Fig. 8).
Izinyathelo ezinezithombe zokuxhuma nokuhlukanisa imigqa.
Singakwazi ukuxhuma iziphetho zemigqa ngaphandle kokuyiphula. Kulokhu sihlanza iziphetho zayo yomibili imigqa ngobude30-35 mmfuthi sigoqa lezo ezihlanziwe phakathi futhi sizigoqe ngokuqinile phezu komunye nomunye. Ekugcineni, senza ngokucophelela i-insulation. Ngokusebenza ngokucophelela, singakwazi futhi ukufaka ipulaki kanye nokushintsha kwalawo madivayisi okuxhunywa kwawo kunganqanyulwa kunethiwekhi ngokufaka izinto. Ukuhlanganiswa nokubukeka kwamapulaki asetshenziswa kakhulu kuboniswa ezithombeni ezinikeziwe.
Kuvidiyo engezansi, ungabona futhi enye yezindlela ezinhle zokuxhuma izintambo:
Ipulaki elula yenziwa njengesokhethi enemilenze (1. iqembu,2. umthambo,3. ubhanana.4. izikulufo ze-tension). Kubalulekile ukuhlanza ama-cores kuphela ubude obudingekayo futhi ungasindisi noma uphule umqhubi wensimbi, khona-ke izikulufo ziqinisa ngokuqinile ama-cores, ukuthi ama-bushings nawo aqinile ezihlalweni zawo futhi ekugcineni, ukuthi isikulufu sokuqinisa ama-halves amabili siqinisa ipulaki ngaphandle kokugwedla (fig.9futhi10).
Ukuhlanganiswa kwepulaki elula.
Izingxenye kanye nezindawo zokuxhuma zepulaki.
Iziphetho ezihlanjululwe zemigqa-amapulaki angakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ephakeme kufanele afakwe ivanishi kancane ukuze abe namandla ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa. Ukuphela komugqa kufanele kusonteke ngendlela ye-loop ekuqondeni kwe-screwing ukuze kungavuli ngesikhathi sokuqinisa. Singakwazi ukunweba oxhumana nabo bepulaki abaxekethile sisebenzisa isikulufi esibekwe ku-notch namapliers. (1. umqhubi,2. abathintwayo,3. ukubopha,4. ukugoba isiphetho,5. iluphu) (fig.11).
Ukulungiswa kwamakhondatha kanye noxhumano lwamapulaki.
Esimeni sepulaki elivikelekile ekuthinteni ngengozi, qala unamathisele izintambo ezigabeni bese kuba ucingo oluluhlaza-ophuzi phakathi nendawo (fig. 10). Kuzintambo ezine-insulation yendwangu esezigugile, kuyanconywa ukuthi ubophe umgodla (fig. 12, ingxenye engaphezulu).
Ukuxhumana kwepulaki nokumelwa kweskimu kwesibani se-fluorescent.
Amalambu e-Fluorescent
Omunye wemisebenzi kagesi evamile ukufakwa kwezibani ze-fluorescent, nakuba zingasaziswa kangako ngenxa yokukhubazeka okwaziwayo. Kodwa-ke, inzuzo yabo, ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, ukuthi singazifaka thina efulethini ngomzamo omncane. Ngaphezu kwesibani, udinga futhi ukuthola ipuleti elilodwa lokufaka elingenalutho, i-pair of sockets (nge-starter), ama-ballasts kanye ne-capacitor.
Okokuqala, senza i-mounting plate kusuka ku-plywood noma ibhodi elithambile elincanyana, elide kunelambu le-5-6 cm. Ngaphakathi kwebhodi, senza i-cavity ye-6-7 cm, lapho sizobeka khona ukuminyanisa kanye ne-capacitor. Khona-ke, ngosizo lwe-screw, sibopha intamo eyodwa ebhodini, sibeke isibani, futhi sibophe enye intamo. Sizobeka i-starter eduze komunye womphimbo, futhi emgodini wepuleti ukuminyanisa kanye ne-capacitor (fig. 12, ingxenye engezansi).
Manje isibani singanamathiselwa. Okokuqala, sidinga ukunweba ucingo olulodwa olunombala obomvu lwe-ballast futhi silubophe kutheminali eyodwa yesibani. Sibopha ucingo olufushane ku-outlet yesibili yomphimbo, futhi sibopha omunye umkhawulo endaweni eyodwa yomphimbo wokuqala. (Lokhu kuyadingeka kuphela uma i-starter nentamo ingaxhunywanga.) Manje sidinga ukubopha ucingo olude ku-terminal yesibili yentamo yokuqalisa, kanye nokuphela kwamahhala kwalo mugqa entanyeni yesibili yesibani. Siphinde sibophe ucingo olulodwa komunye umphimbo, bese sibopha enye iphetho yalokhu komunye umkhawulo obomvu wamahhala wokuklinywa. Ekugcineni, sibopha iziphetho zezintambo zenethiwekhi emaphethelweni anombala omhlophe we-ballast, ngokuthinta okufushane ukuhlola ukuthi isibani siyasebenza yini. Manje osekusele ukubopha iziphetho ze-capacitor emaphethelweni apendwe amhlophe e-choke. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi amalambu e-fluorescent angasebenza kuphela kunethiwekhi eshintshanayo nokuthi kufanele avulwe futhi acinywe kancane ngangokunokwenzeka.
Imithetho ebaluleke kakhulu evela embhalweni wokuqala
1. Sisebenza kuphela entweni ephelelwa amandla (okusho ukuthi ipulaki layo likhishiwe). Masilinde ukuthi idivayisi iphole futhi ama-capacitor aphume. Uma sisebenza engxenyeni exhunywe ngokuqinile kunethiwekhi (shintsha, njll.), cisha imitha yamanje bese ususa ama-fuses. Ayikho neyodwa, iyodwa, ehlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okungu-100%!
2. Ungalokothi uxhume noma “ubhuloho” i-fuse ngocingo oluwugqinsi!
3. Singasebenza kuphela ngethuluzi elilungile lokufaka ugesi elinesibambo esivalekile nesingalimele.
4. Akumele sisebenze ngezandla ezimanzi ngakho-ke kufanele sihlale sinendwangu eyomile ukuze sesule izandla zethu.
5. Sihlala sisebenzisa isandiso sekhebula esivikelekile ekuthinteni ngengozi kuzo zombili iziphetho.
6. Lapho uthenga izinto zikagesi, okukhethekile kufanele kunikezwe lezo ezinikezwe imiyalelo efanele.
7. Akumele sithinte amapayipi amanzi, ukushisisa okuphakathi noma ipayipi lerediyetha ngenkathi sibambe noma yiziphi izinto zikagesi ezandleni zethu.
8. Kufanele siqaphele ikakhulukazi lapho sisebenza ngezinto zikagesi emakamelweni anomoya onomswakama. Ngakho, endlini yokugezela, kubhavu, akumelwe sithinte inkinobho kagesi, umugqa, njll. Silayisha kuphela noma sikhiphe i-centrifuge, umshini wokuwasha endaweni ecishiwe. Lapho siwasha futhi si-ayina, kufanele sisebenzise ukhaphethi werabha phansi. Singase sishaje futhi sikhiphe igedlela likagesi kanye nomakhi wekhofi kuphela uma sike sakhipha ipulaki kusokhethi.
9. Masisebenzise kuphela ama-conductor e-cross-section efanele; amapulaki akumele akhishwe kusokhethi ngokubamba intambo. Masisuse into efakwa ekhebulani kuphela ngobude obuyisidingo ngokuphelele, sivale kuphela ngetheyiphu efanelekile yokuvikela bese sibopha itheyiphu egoqiwe futhi siyivikele ngentambo!
10. Ngaphezu kwe-ammeter, kufanele sihlale sigcina ithoshi, isibani sokulawula, ama-fuse kanye “nepeni” ukuze sithole isigaba.
11. Ngisho nokungabaza okuncane nokumanqikanqika, kufanele sivale idivayisi, simise ukulungisa futhi sibeke umsebenzi owengeziwe kuchwepheshe.
12. Ngaphambi kokuba sixhume idivayisi elungisiwe kunethiwekhi, kufanele siyihlole ngesibani sokulawula esisebenza nge-voltage ephansi sisebenzisa ibhethri.
13. Uma kwenzeka kushaqeka ugesi, kufanele siqale sivale ugesi (sikhiphe ipulaki, sikhiphe i-fuse) bese sinikeza usizo kumuntu olimele.
Izihloko ezihlobene: iziqephu zendatshana zokufakwa kwekhaya, amathuluzi ayisisekelo, ukwenziwa kwamawindi nezicabha kanye contact.