Chidziwitso chachitetezo: Ili ndi zolemba zamaphunziro zomwe zasungidwa kuchokera2017. chaka, osati malangizo odzichitira okha ntchito zamagetsi. Kuyika ndi kukonza magetsi kumayenera kuperekedwa kwa wodziwa magetsi, malinga ndi malamulo omwe alipo komanso momwe akhazikitsire.
Chifukwa chiyani magetsi amafunika kusamala kwambiri
Pamene tikuyenda pa ndege, timasangalala kwambiri, tikadutsa msewu timasamala kwambiri, m’madzi akuya timasambira bwino, koma nthawi zambiri timakhala osasamala tikamagwira ntchito ndi magetsi, omwe ndi owopsa kwambiri kuposa china chilichonse. Kusasamala, mwina kumabwera chifukwa chakuti magetsi asanduka bwenzi lathu latsiku ndi tsiku ndipo sitingathe kulingalira za moyo popanda magetsi.
Komabe, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yowopsa kwa moyo ndipo tiyenera kusamala kwambiri tikamagwira ntchito mozungulira. Pali kale otchedwa low-voltage networks (110 - 220 - 380 V) ali pachiwopsezo, osasiyapo ma voltages otumizira ma volt masauzande ambiri. M’malo owopsa kwambiri, ma voltages a 42 V amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ngakhale votejiyi imatha kuyambitsa kugunda kwamagetsi, ndipo ma voltages pamwamba pa 50 V adzayambitsadi. Kugunda kwamagetsi pazida zomwe zimagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mabatire otchedwa microvoltages ndizowopsa kale, koma apanso muyenera kusamala, chifukwa zina mwa zida izi (monga nyali yachida chounikira m’mahema) zimatha kukhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yosinthika yomwe imakhala yowopsa kwa moyo.
Voltage, panopa ndi mphamvu
Kuchokera pamwambapa, tinganene kuti kuopsa kwa moyo ndi mphamvu yamagetsi kumadalira mphamvu yamagetsi yokha. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa voteji, panopa, amene akufotokozedwa mu amperes (chizindikiro A), ali ndi chikoka kwambiri. Zogulitsa zamitundu iwiriyi zimapereka mphamvu (zotsatira) zamagetsi, zomwe zimafotokozedwa mu watts (chizindikiro W). Kukula kwa voteji, volt, (yolemba V) imalembedwa pa babu lililonse ndi chipangizo chilichonse chamagetsi. Chizindikiro cha mphamvu zamakono, ampere (A), ndizochepa. Kukula uku kumawonetsedwa ndi fusesi, ndipo zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wake ukapitilira, waya wa fusewu umasungunuka ndikudula zokha magetsi. Timakumana ndi chizindikiro cha ma watt pafupipafupi: chimapezeka pazida zamagetsi ndikuwonetsa mphamvu zomwe chipangizocho “chimalandira”, mwachitsanzo, chili ndi ma watt angati.
Ngati tidziwa ziwiri mwa zitatuzi, yachitatu ikhoza kuwerengedwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta V x A = W, yomwe A = W / V kapena V = W / A
Titha kufananiza ma voliyumu, omwe amawonetsedwa ndi ma volts (V), ndi kuthamanga kwa netiweki yamadzi, komanso yapano, yomwe imatanthauzidwa ndi ampere (A), ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatuluka pamaneti pamphindi imodzi, zomwe zimatengera kupanikizika kwa netiweki ndi kutulutsa kwa bomba. Zomwe zikuchitika pano zimatsimikiziridwa ndi gawo la netiweki ndi zophatikizika zomwe zimakhala zotsika kwambiri komanso zolimba kwambiri. Titha kuyerekeza zotulutsa kapena mphamvu zowonetsedwa mu ma watts ndi mphamvu yamadzi yotuluka pampopi ndi kuthekera kogwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo. kutembenuza madzi ozungulira (mku. 1).
Kuyerekeza mphamvu yamagetsi, yapano ndi mphamvu ndi kuthamanga, kuyenda ndi kugwira ntchito kwa madzi.
Chitsanzo chimodzi: Mbale pa chitofu chochokera220V ndi kutulutsa kwa kilowatt imodzi (1000watt) imagwira ntchito ndi mawaya a 1000:220=4,5ampere.
Ngati netiweki yathu imatetezedwa ndi fusesi ya 6 amps, ndiye kuti wogula wina wa 500 watts akayatsidwa (mwachitsanzo ma iron amagetsi), fuseyi imasungunuka ndipo tidzatsala opanda magetsi.
Fuse ndi chitetezo chowonjezera
Ngati tikukamba za fuse, ndi mwayi woti muwadziwe mwatsatanetsatane. Ma fuse amateteza zida zapakhomo ndi ma netiweki ena a nyumbayo komanso mizere pamakoma kuti asachulukidwe, ku zotsatira za mabwalo amfupi komanso chitetezo kumagetsi okhudza.
Kuchulukirachulukira kungachitike ngati titanyamula maukonde omwe alipo a nyumba yokhala ndi zida zatsopano zamagetsi zapakhomo ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo, koma zitha kuchitikanso ngati, mwachitsanzo, mu makina ochapira, omwe katundu wake nthawi zonse amathandizidwa ndi netiweki, chochapacho chimakakamira ndipo mota imayima. Zikatero, galimoto “imakoka” kangapo zambiri panopa pa netiweki kuposa mwadzina. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochulukirachulukira chifukwa timagwiritsa ntchito ma hotplates onse komanso ng’anjo ya mbaula yamagetsi nthawi yomweyo, yomwe, nayonso, siyingagwiridwe ndi maukonde omwe alipo. “Njira yaifupi” imakhala yosiyana kwambiri, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitika pamene kugwirizana kwachitsulo kwa ma conductors pansi pa ma voltages osiyanasiyana kumachitika, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kutchinjiriza (mwachitsanzo, ngati takhudza mwangozi kutsekemera kwa chingwe cholumikizira ndi chitsulo chotentha).
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito fusible fuse ili motere: mu dera lomwe liyenera kutetezedwa, kondakitala mmodzi wotere akuphatikizidwa omwe gawo lake limalola kudutsa kwamakono ololedwa okha ndi omwe amasungunuka chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu yamphamvu. Kuonetsetsa kusintha kosavuta komanso kopanda vuto kwa woyendetsa zoteteza, komanso kulumikizana kwake kosavuta ndi netiweki, ma fuse amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma fuse amakhala ndi magawo anayi - maziko (base), mphete yokhazikika, kapu (mutu) wokhala ndi ulusi ndi choyikapo (mkuyu 2).
Fusible fuse parts.
Maziko ndi kapu ya ulusi sizifunika kufotokozera. Mphete yokhazikika imapangidwa ndi zadothi kapena zopangira zopangira ndipo m’malo osonkhanitsidwa amakhala pamunsi pamunsi. Kutsegula pakati pa mphete yovomerezeka kumatsimikizira kuti dera limatsekedwa kokha ndi fusible insert, yomwe imadutsa potsegula izi. Pamwamba pa mphete ya calibration ndi yamitundu ndipo mtundu uwu uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi mtundu wa fusible insert disc. Kugwiritsa ntchito choyikapo cha mtundu wina kumaloledwanso, pokhapokha ngati phokoso la mphete yolinganizidwa silingalepheretse kuyikapo, mwachitsanzo, kuti choyikacho chimasungunuka pamtunda wochepa (mitundu ndi amperage yogwirizana imaperekedwa patebulo).
Zoyika zosungunula zimatha kukhala zachangu komanso zocheperako, mwachitsanzo, pakuchulukira komweko, zoyambazo zimasungunuka mwachangu ndipo zomalizirazo mosavuta. Nthawi yosungunuka imatengera kukula kwa kuchulukana, koma pakachitika kagawo kakang’ono, mitundu yonse iwiri ya fusible fuse idzayaka pang’onopang’ono sekondi imodzi.
Waya wa fusible mu choyikapo umayikidwa mumchenga wa quartz kuti usathyoke chifukwa cha zivomezi. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti njira yotetezeka yozimitsa magetsi m’nyumba ndikupotoza fuseyo mosamala. Mtundu wa ma fuse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi apakhomo ndi DZ II (yokhala ndi diazed, yokhala ndi ulusi wapulagi wamba).
Mitundu yodziwika ya zoyika zosungunuka DZ II
Ovoteledwa panopa, A Mtundu
2 pinki
4 bulauni
6 wobiriwira
10 wofiira
15 imvi
20 modra
25 yellow
Makalasi achitetezo, chingwe choteteza ndi zolumikizira
Kuphatikiza pa ma fuse, pali njira zina ndi zida zodzitetezera zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi magetsi. Njira yotereyi ndi mwachitsanzo. kutsekereza kawiri mu zida zamakina apanyumba zamtundu wabwinoko. Makina otetezedwa motere safunikira kutsekedwa, alibe zida zapadera za mizere yoteteza, ndikwanira kungoyika pulagi mu socket. Chizindikiro cha kutsekereza kawiri kwa gulu lachiwiri lachitetezo cholumikizana ndi chimodzi chachikulu komanso chocheperako mkati mwake. Zida za Class O ndi zomwe zilibe chitetezo, kalasi yoyamba iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa, ndipo gulu lachitatu ndi zipangizo zokhala ndi magetsi ochepa.
Ndi njira yotetezera mzere, pali mzere wachitatu wosiyana pa intaneti womwe umagwirizanitsidwa ndi mzere wachitatu mu chipangizocho kudzera pa pulagi yotetezera. Ngati kagawo kakang’ono kachitika mu chipangizocho, mawaya amathanso kuyenda mu waya wachitatu woteteza. Ikafika pa mita yomwe ilipo, imatseka cholumikizira kapena kuyendetsa fuse yaying’ono. (Ichi ndi kachipangizo kakang’ono kamene kamakhala kodziwikiratu m’malo mwa mita yokhayo yomwe ili ndi tabu yotsekera yomwe, ngati idutsa pang’onopang’ono, imadula magetsi mumasekondi 5. Cholakwikacho chikakonzedwa, chikhoza kuyatsidwanso podina batani lalikulu, lakuda, lokhala ngati sikweya)
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zida zokhala ndi chitetezo choletsa kukhudza zilumikizidwe ndi netiweki pomwe pali kondakitala wachitatu woteteza. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wapadera wa pulagi yotetezera yomwe imalepheretsa kulumikiza muzitsulo zolakwika. Mapulagi ndi masiketi okhala ndi chitetezo choletsa kukhudza amatha kudziwika mosavuta ndi njanji zachitsulo zomangidwira zofananira ndi mapulagi (mkuyu.3).
Zizindikiro zachitetezo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapulagi ndi soketi.
Cholakwika chofala komanso choyika moyo pachiwopsezo ndi pamene chingwe cha chipangizochi chikuwonjezedwa kuti mbali imodzi ikhale yotetezedwa kuti isakhudzidwe, ndipo mbali inayo, pomwe pulagi yolumikizira netiweki ili, siyitetezedwa. Mwanjira iyi, extender imatha kulumikizidwa ndi netiweki yokhala ndi chitetezo chokhudza, komanso netiweki yopanda pake. Kumapeto ena, chipangizo cha chingwe chokhala ndi chitetezo chotsutsana ndi kukhudza chimatha kulumikizidwa ndipo wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amakhala ndi malingaliro oti amatetezedwa kukhudza, pomwe sichoncho. Choncho, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chowonjezera chomwe chimatetezedwa kuti musagwire mbali zonse ziwiri kapena popanda chitetezo kumbali zonse ziwiri. Izi zokha za zowonjezera: zimalimbikitsidwa kumangirira zinthu zawo wina ndi mzake panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito m’njira yoti zitha kupatukana pambuyo pake (mwachitsanzo ndi gulu la rabara); zisakhazikike pansi, koma patebulo, mpando kapena pakhomo kuti zisakhudze madzi.
Conductor insulation mitundu
Kudziwa mitundu ya ma conductor ndikofunikira chifukwa zolembera zasintha, ndipo zilembo zatsopano ndi zakale zitha kupezeka. Muzolemba zatsopano ndi zakale za gawo limodzi ndi magawo atatu apano, mtundu wa woyendetsa gawo ndi wakuda. Waya wotsogolera ziro kale anali wotuwa ndipo tsopano ndi wabuluu. Mtundu wa kondakitala wachitatu wodzitetezera kuti asakhudzidwe unali wofiira kale, ndipo mtundu wapano ndi wobiriwira-wachikasu (mikwingwirima yayitali).
Mapulani oyika ndi ma cabling
Kuyika kwa magetsi si ntchito yaing’ono. Izi sizili choncho makamaka ngati netiweki ili yamagetsi otsika (osati ang’onoang’ono). Ndi bwino kupatsa ntchito zamagetsi kwa amisiri oyenerera okha, ngakhale titawononga ndalama zambiri pa ntchito ya mphindi zochepa ndi kupwetekedwa mtima. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pakuyika nyumba zatsopano ndi nyumba zogona, ngakhale titha kugwira ntchito motetezeka malinga ngati magetsi sayatsidwa. Zachidziwikire, apanso tingavomereze ntchito za “makina”, pokumbukira izi:
-Pa m2 uliwonse wa malo omwe timaunikira, tiyenera kuwerengera pafupifupi 10 watts.
-Ndikoyenera kuganiza zowunikira ndi chitetezo cha glare, chifukwa ngakhale kuti kuwalako kumakhala kochepa (chifukwa cha kuwala kwa kuwala ndi kusungunuka), kuwala kotetezedwa kumateteza maso athu.
-Babu lapadera liyenera kupangidwa pamwamba kapena pafupi ndi malo ogwirira ntchito ndi malo ogwirira ntchito (monga tebulo la kukhitchini, chitofu, tebulo, galasi losambira).
-Mawotchi a magetsi aziyikidwa m’malo ofikira anthu kwinaku akukwaniritsa zofunikira zokongoletsa, kapena osachepera 1,2 m kutali ndi mipope yamadzi ndi kuyikira magetsi kwina. M’zipinda zokhala ndi mpweya wonyowa ndi nthunzi (zipinda zochapira, zipinda zosambira) muyenera kupewa kukhazikitsa zosinthira zowunikira.
-Maswitchi ndi mapulagi akuyenera kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo achitetezo. Masiwichi azikhala opindika pawiri komanso mapulagi ovuta kufikako kapena “otetezedwa”.
-Pamatebulo ogwirira ntchito, samalani kuti amalandira kuwala kuchokera kumanzere. Ma soketi ambiri ayenera kuikidwa kuti zida zapakhomo ndi nyali zonyamula zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda chingwe chowonjezera. Ma Arcs okokedwa kuchokera polumikizira ndi utali wotalikirapo wa chingwe ayenera kuphimba chipinda chonsecho.
-Belu lamagetsi liyenera kugwira ntchito pochepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yotsika, yolekanitsidwa kotheratu ndi mizere yotsika yamagetsi.
-Mazingwe atha kuikidwa ndi katswiri wamagetsi wovomerezeka, kutsata malamulo apamwamba aukadaulo ndi chitetezo.
-Mmisiri wabwino wa nyumba yomanga banja amasiya mipata yokulirapo, zotseguka, ndi zina zambiri pakumanga. kumene zingwe ndi makhazikitsidwe ena amagetsi adzaikidwa, motero kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu (mkuyu 4).
Chitsanzo cha malo a zingwe ndi makhazikitsidwe pakhoma.
-Chimodzimodzinso popaka pulasitala. M’malo omwe zingwe zidzayikidwa, tiyenera kuyika ma slats okhala ndi gawo lopingasa mu mawonekedwe a rhombus ndi m’lifupi mwake 1,5-3,0 cm kuti mbali yawo yayikulu iyang’ane kunja. Tidzachotsa ma slats awa asanayambe ntchito ya mapaipi ndikuyika mapaipi oteteza ndi machubu m’malo mwawo popanda kuwononga matope.
Ngati tikuthandizira kukonza, tiyeneradi kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi oteteza, mwina zoteteza zala. Ndi bwino kugwira ntchito ndi zikwapu zingapo zing’onozing’ono. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chisawononge makoma atsopano mopanda chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, m’pofunika kulemba molondola malo ndi kukula komwe kuli koyenera kudula pasadakhale.
M’nyumba zowuma, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi otetezera mapepala, omwe, ndithudi, ndi okwera mtengo, koma mwa iwo mapaipi ndi osavuta kusintha ndi kukonza. Mapaipi amfupi koma ogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zazifupi mukatha kuyeretsa. Posachedwapa, mapaipi okhala ndi PVC insulation iwiri amayikidwa mwachindunji pansi pa pulasitala. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi yotsika mtengo koma yosatheka, chifukwa kuti mupeze cholakwika, muyenera kuchotsa pulasitala. Ngati n’kotheka, musagwiritse ntchito mizere yogwiritsidwa ntchito kale, chifukwa zobisika zopuma zamkati zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukhazikitsa nawo. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri sizikhala zokhazikika kapena zotopa, choncho kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kungakhale koopsa (khoma “kugwedezeka”), makamaka m’zipinda zonyowa. Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuyika ndi kusonkhanitsa zipangizo zapakhomo. Tiyenera kudzifunsa tokha ndikuwunika ngati chipangizocho chili ndi poyambira ndipo, ngati chilipo, pomwe chiyenera kulumikizidwa, ndi njira ziti zachitetezo zomwe zimayikidwa pokhudzana ndi izi (mwachitsanzo, kukhazikitsa vavu yochepetsera pa chotenthetsera chamadzi, ndi zina). Chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zophikira, zipangizo zotenthetsera, mafiriji, ndi zina zotero. zimayikidwa m’malo osavuta kufikako komanso pamtunda woyenera, komanso kuteteza malo awo kumoto.
Mitundu ndi njira zodzitetezera kuti zisakhudze mwangozi zida zapakhomo ndi ogula, kutengera malo oyikapo, zimaperekedwa m’malamulo ovomerezeka aukadaulo pakukhazikitsa kwamagetsi ndi mphamvu mnyumba (zotchingira ziwiri, chingwe choteteza, ndi zina zotero)
Malongosoledwe amomwe amalumikizirana kunyumba
Mwini nyumbayo atha kuthandizanso kulumikiza nyumbayo poyimanga kudzera pazitsulo zapadenga kapena pothandizira kutchinjiriza komwe kumakwiriridwa pakhoma. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kudziwa kuti popanda mtengo, mtunda wa 25 m ukhoza kulumikizidwa. Ngati mtunda uli waukulu, nsanamira imodzi kapena zingapo ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Kutalika kwa mzere wa ndege kuyenera kukhala osachepera 3 m, ndipo ngati magalimoto nawonso adutsa pansi pake, osachepera 5m (mku. 5).
Kuwonetsa kutalika ndi kutalika kwa mzere wa ndege.
Utali wa kugwirizana kwa nyumba pamwamba pa choyikapo kuyenera kukhala osachepera 100 cm, ndipo ngati denga lili lathyathyathya, ndiye 200 cm. Chitolirocho chiyenera kumangiriridwa ku chithandizo cha denga m’malo osachepera awiri ndi chingwe chachitsulo ndipo ndi bwino ngati chili ndi malata.
Pakapangidwe ka chitoliro ndi chithandizo cha denga, sungani pepala lomaliza ku chitoliro mwa soldering ndi putty kuti mbali yapamwamba ikhale pansi pa tile, ndipo mbali yapansi ili pamwamba pa tile. Umu ndi momwe tidzapewa kutulutsa denga. Kulumikizana kwa nyumba kungathenso kuikidwa pambali pa khoma la nyumbayo. Pamenepa, zokometserazi ziyenera kukhala zosiyana 100 cm. Pachigawo chapakati cha m’munsi mwa chitoliro ndi chitoliro cholowera, chitoliro chotsogolera kapena PVC chimayikidwa mu arc, kotero kuti m’munsi mwa chitolirocho amabowoleredwa kuti athetse madzi omwe angakhale atalowa mu chitoliro. Ngati kutalika kwa nyumbayo kuli pamwamba pa 5 m, kugwirizana kwa nyumba kungathe kuthetsedwa ndi kutsekereza kofunika kwambiri kukwiriridwa pakhoma. Mtunda pakati pa zotsekera ndi ngalande uyenera kukhala 50 cm. Chitoliro cholowera chiyenera kuikidwa kumanja kwa insulator (mkuyu 6). M’nyumba, ndi bwino kuyika mizere mu mapaipi a Bergmann (mkuyu 7).
Kulumikiza nyumba kudzera padenga ndi khoma lakumbali.
Zitsanzo zoyendetsera kukhazikitsa kudzera mu machubu a Bergman.
Malongosoledwe akale a mizere yolumikizira ndi kudzipatula
Mizere yamagetsi iyenera kulumikizidwa m’njira yoti dera lomwe lilipo lidziwike bwino. Mukalumikiza zingwe zotsekera, chidwi chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuwonetsetsa kuti kusungunula kuli bwino.
Mapeto a mizere amagulitsidwa bwino kwambiri. Pakulumikiza uku, kutchinjiriza kuyenera kuchotsedwa ku mizere yonse iwiri kutalika kwa 20-25 mm ndipo malekezero a mizere ayenera kutsukidwa ndi sandpaper kapena kukanda ndi mpeni. Sonkhanitsani nsonga zoyeretsedwa, potozani kangapo ndiyeno solder. Pambuyo pa soldering, olowa ayenera bwino insulated.
Kuthamanga kwa tepi yotetezera kumayambira pamadzi otetezedwa ndi madzi, kumapitirira pa gawo logulitsidwa ndikutha kachiwiri pa gawo lotsekedwa. Ndi bwino ngati zigawo ziwiri zotsekera ziyikidwa pa mfundo imodzi pamwamba pa inzake (mkuyu 8).
Masitepe ojambulitsa olumikizirana ndikupatula mizere.
Tikhoza kulumikiza mapeto a mizere popanda kuwaswa. Pamenepa timatsuka malekezero a mizere yonse motalika30-35 mmndipo timapinda zotsukidwa pakati ndikuzikulungitsa pamwamba pa mzake. Pamapeto pake, timachita mosamala insulation. Pogwira ntchito mosamala, titha kukhazikitsanso pulagi ndi kusintha kwa zida zomwe zolumikizira zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi netiweki ndi inshuwaransi. Kusonkhanitsa ndi maonekedwe a mapulagi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri akuwonetsedwa pazithunzi zomwe zaperekedwa.
Mu kanema pansipa, mutha kuwonanso imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zolumikizira mawaya:
Pulagi yosavuta imapangidwa ngati soketi yokhala ndi miyendo (1. gulu,2. mtsempha,3. nthochi.4. zomangira zovuta). Ndikofunika kuyeretsa ma cores mpaka kutalika kofunikira osati kudula kapena kuswa chitsulo chowongolera zitsulo, ndiye kuti zomangirazo zimangiriza ma cores, kuti zitsulo zimakhala zolimba pamipando yawo ndipo pamapeto pake, kuti zomangira zomangirira magawo awiriwo zimalimbitsa pulagi popanda kugwedezeka (mkuyu.9ndi10).
Kusonkhana kwa pulagi yosavuta.
Magawo ndi malo olumikizira pulagi.
Mapeto oyeretsedwa a mizere-mapulagi omwe amatha kupirira katundu wapamwamba ayenera kukhala ndi vanishi pang’ono kuti akhale olimba panthawi ya msonkhano. Mapeto a mzerewo ayenera kupotozedwa mu mawonekedwe a lupu kumbali ya screwing kuti asatsegule panthawi yolimbitsa. Titha kufutukula zolumikizana ndi pulagi pogwiritsa ntchito screwdriver yoyikidwa mu notch ndi pliers. (1. conductor,2. kulumikizana,3. kuwotcha,4. kukwera komaliza,5. lupu) (mku.11).
Kukonzekera kwa ma conductor ndi mapulagi olumikizana nawo.
Pankhani ya pulagi yotetezedwa kuti isakhudzidwe mwangozi, choyamba mumakani mawaya ku magawo kenako waya wobiriwira wachikasu pakati (mkuyu 10). Pazingwe zokhala ndi zotchingira nsalu zomwe zatha kale, ndi bwino kumangirira mchimake (mkuyu 12, chapamwamba).
Malumikizidwe a pulagi ndi chithunzi cha schematic cha nyali ya fulorosenti.
Nyali za fluorescent
Imodzi mwazinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi ndikuyika nyali za fulorosenti, ngakhale sizikuyamikiridwanso chifukwa cha zolakwika zomwe zimadziwika. Komabe, ubwino wawo, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, ndikuti tikhoza kuziyika tokha m’nyumba popanda khama. Kuphatikiza pa nyali, muyeneranso kutenga mbale imodzi yopanda dzenje, zitsulo ziwiri (zoyambira), ballasts ndi capacitor.
Choyamba, timapanga mbale yoyikapo kuchokera ku plywood kapena bolodi yofewa yopyapyala, yomwe imakhala yayitali kuposa nyali ya 5-6 cm. M’kati mwa bolodi, timapanga chibowo cha 6-7 cm, kumene tidzayika choko ndi capacitor. Kenaka, mothandizidwa ndi screw, timangiriza khosi limodzi pa bolodi, kuika nyali, ndikumanga khosi lina. Tiyika choyambira pafupi ndi khosi limodzi la mmero, ndipo pabowo la mbale kutsamwitsidwa ndi capacitor (mkuyu 12, gawo lapansi).
Tsopano nyaliyo ikhoza kumangirizidwa. Choyamba, tiyenera kukulitsa waya umodzi wofiyira wa ballast ndikumangirira ku terminal imodzi ya nyali. Timangirira chingwe chachifupi kumtunda wachiwiri wapakhosi, ndikumangirira mbali ina kumero koyambira. (Izi ndizofunikira kokha ngati choyambitsa ndi khosi sichikugwirizana.) Tsopano tifunika kumangirira waya wautali kumtunda wachiwiri wa khosi loyambira, ndipo mapeto aulere a mzerewu ku khosi lachiwiri la nyali. Timangiriranso waya wina kukhosi kwina, ndikumangirira mbali ina ya izi ku mbali ina yofiira yaulere ya choko. Potsirizira pake, timangiriza malekezero a mawaya amtundu ku malekezero amtundu woyera wa ballast, ndi kukhudza kochepa kuti tiyese ngati nyali ikugwira ntchito. Tsopano zomwe zatsala ndikumangirira nsonga za capacitor ku nsonga zoyera za choko. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nyale za fulorosenti zitha kuyendetsedwa kuchokera pa netiweki yosinthira ndipo ziyenera kuyatsidwa ndikuzimitsa pang’ono momwe kungathekere.
Malamulo ofunikira kwambiri kuchokera m’mawu oyamba
1. Timangogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chomwe chilibe mphamvu (kutanthauza pulagi yake yatulutsidwa). Tiyeni tidikire kuti chipangizocho chizizizira komanso ma capacitors atuluke. Ngati tikugwira ntchito pa gawo lomwe limagwirizana kwambiri ndi intaneti (kusintha, etc.), zimitsani mita yamakono ndikuchotsa ma fuse. Palibe m’modzi yekha amene amapereka chitetezo 100%!
2. Osalumikiza kapena “mlatho” fuyusi ndi waya wokhuthala!
3. Titha kugwira ntchito ndi chida choyenera choyikira magetsi chokhala ndi chotchinga chotchinga komanso chosawonongeka.
4. Sitiyenera kugwira ntchito ndi manja achinyowe chifukwa chake tiyenera kukhala ndi nsalu yowuma nthawi zonse kuti tipukute manja athu.
5. Nthawi zonse timagwiritsa ntchito chingwe chowonjezera chomwe chimatetezedwa kuti musagwirizane mwangozi mbali zonse ziwiri.
6. Pogula zida zamagetsi, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa zomwe zaperekedwa ndi malangizo oyenera.
7. Sitiyenera kukhudza mipope ya mipope, chotenthetsera chapakati kapena chitoliro cha rediyeta titanyamula chida chilichonse chamagetsi m’manja mwathu.
8. Tiyenera kusamala kwambiri tikamagwira ntchito ndi zipangizo zamagetsi m’zipinda zokhala ndi mpweya wonyowa. Choncho, mu bafa, m’bafa, sitiyenera kukhudza lophimba magetsi, mzere, etc. Ife kokha katundu kapena kukhuthula centrifuge, makina ochapira mu yazimitsa udindo. Pochapa ndi kusita, tigwiritse ntchito kapeti ya labala pansi. Titha kulipiritsa ndikutulutsa ketulo yamagetsi ndi wopanga khofi pokhapokha titakoka pulagi m’soketi.
9. Tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito ma conductor okha a gawo loyenera; mapulagi sayenera kutulutsidwa mu socket pogwira chingwe. Tiyeni tichotse zotsekera pa chingwe pokhapokha pautali womwe ndi wofunikira kwambiri, sungani ndi tepi yoyenera yotchingira ndikumanga tepi yopindika ndikuyiteteza ndi ulusi!
10. Kuphatikiza pa ammeter, nthawi zonse tiyenera kusunga tochi, nyali yolamulira, fuse ndi “cholembera” kuti tipeze gawolo.
11. Ngakhale ndikukayikira pang’ono komanso kusaganiza bwino, tiyenera kuzimitsa chipangizocho, kusiya kukonza ndikuyika ntchito zina kwa katswiri.
12. Tisanalumikize chipangizo chokonzedwa pa intaneti, tiyenera kuyang’ana ndi nyali yolamulira yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi magetsi otsika pogwiritsa ntchito batri.
13. Pakakhala kugwedezeka kwa magetsi, choyamba tiyenera kuzimitsa magetsi (kutulutsa pulagi, kuchotsa fuse) ndiyeno tipereke chithandizo kwa munthu wovulalayo.
Mitu yofananira: zolemba zapakhomo, zida zoyambira, kupanga mawindo ndi zitseko ndi contact.