Isexwayiso Esibalulekile: Lona umbhalo wengobo yomlando womlando, hhayi imininingwane yamanje yomshini, ukuhlola ubungozi noma imanuwali yokusebenza. Ukuqokwa kwamamodeli, ubukhulu, amandla, isivinini, amandla, izinto ezivikelayo kanye nencazelo yezinqubo kufanele kuhlolwe kuqhathaniswa nemithetho esebenzayo, imibhalo yomkhiqizi kanye nemithetho ephephile yokusebenza.
Lo mbhalo awuwona ukunikezwa kwezinto zokusebenza noma imibhalo yesevisi ye-Savo Kusić. Ukunikezwa kwamanje kugxile kumafasitela, iminyango kanye nezixazululo ezihambisanayo.
Imishini yokugaya neyokuhlela
Imishini yokuhlela isetshenziselwa ukucubungula izakhi zokhuni, ukuze zinikeze ubukhulu obuqondile namaphrofayili; imishini yokugaya isetshenziselwa ukucubungula izinto eziqondile nezigobile kanye nokuzicubungula ngokuya ngephrofayili enikeziwe.
Isithombe 1: Umshini wokugaya SF 4 - 3
Imishini ye-Grouting isetshenziselwa ukuhlela izinhlangothi ezibanzi nezincane ngenkathi kugcinwa i-engeli enikeziwe phakathi kwazo. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlela kwenziwa ukuze kwakhiwe indawo ethwalayo ezinhlangothini ezibanzi neziwumngcingo ukuze kucutshungulwe okokugcina komkhiqizo. Umshini wokugaya unomzimba, ingxenye engaphambili ende nengemuva emfushane yetafula, i-roller ejikelezayo enemimese, izindlela zokuphakamisa itafula kanye nerula eliqondisayo - umhlahlandlela.
Ngemishini eminingi, impahla ihanjiswa ngesandla. Nokho, ukushintshwa kungenziwa ngomshini kalula ngokufaka idivayisi ye-UPA eyengeziwe.
I-SF 4 - 3 umshini wokugaya wawusakazeke kakhulu ezinkampanini zokhuni (Umfanekiso 1). Inomzimba we-monopole, itafula elibanzi elingaphambili, elifushanisiwe ngemuva, irola elinemimese emibili, umhlahlandlela wama-engeli kanye nenjini kagesi. Lena inezici ezilandelayo:
- Ubukhulu bobubanzi bokuhlela 400 mm
- Ububanzi berola ngemibese 125 mm
- Ubude bethebula: ngemuva 1100 mm
- ngaphambili 900 mm
- Inombolo yokuphenduka kwerola ngemibese 5000 rpm
- Amandla enjini kagesi 3,2 kW
- Isisindo somshini 705 kg
Umshini wokujiya (i-dicht) ukhonjiswe esithombeni 2, usetshenziselwa ukuhlela izinhlangothi ezibanzi zezakhi, uzinike ubukhulu obuhlosiwe.
Imishini yokuzuza isisindo
Isithombe 2: I-Double Sided Fat Machine S 2R -12
Lolu hlobo lomshini luhlukaniswe lwaba luhlangothi olulodwa futhi luhlangene kabili nokunyakaza kwemishini yezinto. Ukunyakaza kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwenziwa ngama-rollers, futhi ezimweni ezikhethekile ngebhande lokuhambisa uma kwenzeka imishini ehlangene kabili. Lo mshini unomzimba, itafula, i-roller enemimese, i-roller yokuhambisa impahla noma ibhande lokuhambisa, indiza yensimbi yokuchoboza i-scum, isihlathi esisindayo, ama-roller aphansi abushelelezi, izindlela zokuphakamisa, isondo elinezisekelo zokuzivikela, idivayisi yokumunca i-scum.
Isithombe 3: Umshini wokukhuluphalisa ohlangothini olulodwa SR 6 - 3
Emishinini ye-thickener enohlangothi olulodwa ene-roller enamazinyo aphelele yokuhambisa impahla, indima yendiza yensimbi yokuchoboza i-slag yenziwa yi-bumper evikelayo. Lapho usebenza kuma-workshops wokwenza izinkuni ekukhiqizeni izakhi zokwakha, okuvame kakhulu umshini wokuqina SR 6 -3 (isithombe 3), onezici ezilandelayo zobuchwepheshe:
- Ububanzi bokuhlela 600 mm
- Izinga lokuphakelayo okubalulekile 10,5 - 14,5 m/mm
- Ugqinsi olukhulu lwegobolondo elihlutshiwe 5 - 6 mm
- Inombolo yokuphenduka kwerola ngemibese 4250 rpm
- Ububanzi berola ngemibese 125 mm
- Ubukhulu bommese 610 x 40 x 3 mm
- Amandla enjini kagesi yerola yommese 7,4 kW kokuthi 3000 rpm
- Amandla emoto kagesi okunyakazayo 0,85 kW
- Isisindo somshini 950 kg
Kukhona nomshini wokukhuluphalisa we-SR brand6-3nge-roller yokuhambisa impahla, lapho izakhi eziningana ezinomehluko wokushuba ziye phezulu zingahlelwa ngasikhathi sinye5 mm, ezihlala kusukela50ku90 %ububanzi betafula lomshini.
Abahleli bezinhlangothi ezine bahloselwe ukuhlela izinhlangothi ezibanzi nezincane (amabhakede) zezakhi ezihlukahlukene futhi bazinike isigaba esinikeziwe. Lawa mapulani ahlukaniswe abe alula, aphakathi nendawo futhi asindayo ukuze ahlele kahle izinkuni. Iplanethi inomzimba, ama-rollers amabili avundlile namabili anemimese, itafula elinama-roller ahambayo, amafenisha okumunca, ithuluzi lokuphakamisa itafula, ama-motor kagesi emigodini lapho amakhanda anemimese enamathiselwe kanye nama-motor kagesi anezindlela zokuhambisa izinto.
Amapulani anezinhlangothi ezine
Abahleli bepulani elihle lezinto ezibalulekile zobukhulu obuncane, esikhundleni sama-roller ahambisa impahla, babe namabhande okuhambisa noma inhlanganisela yebhande lokuhambisa kanye ne-roller. Amapulani e-heavy duty anemimese eshelelayo, okuthi, njengama-grinder, ahlanze ubuso bezinto ezihlelwayo (Umfanekiso 4).
Isithombe 4: Iplanethi esebenza kanzima enemimese yokuhlela
Iluphi uhlobo lwe-lathe ongalukhetha luncike ezintweni ezizokhiqizwa kanye nobukhulu benkampani. E-USSR, isibonelo, iplanethi enezinhlangothi ezine i-SK - 15 (fig. 5) yasetshenziselwa ukuhlela okuhle.
Isithombe 5: Isihleli sokuhlela kahle ŠK - 15
Le lathe inezici zobuchwepheshe ezilandelayo:
- Ubukhulu bobubanzi bento ecutshungulwayo 150 mm
- Ubukhulu bobubanzi bento ecutshungulwayo 20 mm
- Ubukhulu nobuncane bokujiya bezinto okufanele zicutshungulwe 75% 10 mm
- Ubude obuncane bezinto okufanele zicutshungulwe 400 mm
- Isivinini sokunyakaza kokubalulekile 7 - 9,5 - 13,5 - 24 - 33,5 m/min
- Inombolo yokuphenduka kwamakhanda ngemibese ngeminithi 3000
- Amandla emoto kagesi wamakhanda aqondile anemimese, ngayinye 3,2 kW
- Amandla enjini kagesi yekhanda elivundlile eliphansi nelingaphezulu ngu-4 kW ngayinye
- Amandla emoto kagesi okunyakazayo kokuthi 1000 rpm
- Isisindo se-Lathe 2925 kg
Ezinkampanini ezincane ezisebenza ngokhuni nasezimeni zokwakha zasemakhaya, imishini yokugaya yokwenza amapulaki nama-slots brand FŠ - 3 ingasetshenziswa kabanzi, lapho ungenza khona umsebenzi wokugaya futhi wenze amapulaki nezikhala (fig. 6).
Imishini yokugaya yokuxhuma nokufaka slotting
Isithombe 6: Umshini wokugaya wokuxhuma nokufaka i-slot
Umshini wokugaya wokuxhuma nokufaka i-slotting unalezi zici zobuchwepheshe ezilandelayo:
Ukuguquka kwesipindle ngomzuzu:
- Iluphi ulimi ne-groove okwenziwa 3000
- Ngemisebenzi yokugaya 6000 - 8000
- Ububanzi bengxenye eshumekiwe ye-spindle 30 mm
- Usayizi wethebula 1000 x 800 mm
- Amandla emoto kagesi 4,2 - 5,1 kW
- Ukushintshashintsha kwezimoto zikagesi ngomzuzu 3000
- Ukunyakaza okukhulu kwe-spindle 100 mm
- Ubukhulu bama-discs wokusika amakhokho nama-slots
- ububanzi 250 mm
- ukujiya 9 mm
- Isisindo se-Lathe 530 kg
Umshini wokugaya ohlangothini olulodwa wokuxhuma nokufaka i-slotting uhlanganisa umzimba, amapulaki ama-spindle afakwe ugesi, agxilwe emigodini yama-motor akhethekile kagesi, ukuze abekwe e-engeli edingekayo, kanye nezinqola zokuhambisa izinto ezinama-clamps asebenza ngokushesha.
Ekunyakazeni kwayo, into yokuqala ihlangana nesaha esiyindilinga esisika ubuso bezinto ezibonakalayo, bese kuza amakhanda amabili avundlile okusika ipulaki, ngemva kwalokhu amakhanda amabili aqondile okusika i-oblique futhi ekugcineni i-milling cutter ye-slotting (fig. 7).
Isithombe 7: Uhlelo lokwenza ipulaki nesikhala emshinini wokugaya onezinhlangothi ezimbili
Ukunyakaza kwezinto kwenziwa mathupha. Emshinini wokugaya u-Š - 06 m, ama-elementi anogqinsi olungafika ku-150 mm nobubanzi obufika ku-400 mm angenziwa ngomshini. Izici zobuchwepheshe zomshini wokugaya Š - 06:
- Ubukhulu bobude bepulaki 200 mm
- Ubude bekhephu bufika ku-50 mm
- Ukujula kwesikhala kufika ku-125 mm
- Ububanzi besikhala bufika ku-30 mm
Inani lokuphenduka kwama-spindles asebenzayo ngeminithi 3000 Ubuningi bohambo lwesitimela 1985 mm Umshini wokugaya onamaceleni amabili kanye ne-slotting milling uhloselwe ukukhiqizwa kwamapulaki nezikhala kuzo zombili izakhi zewindi, iminyango, amaphaneli ahlukahlukene, njll. Lo mshini wokugaya unomzimba, izinsimbi zokuphotha ezisebenza ngogesi eziyishumi nambili, ezixhunywe emigodini yamamotho kagesi akhethekile, umshini okhethekile wokuthutha, oqukethe irola eqondisayo, amaketanga okudlulisa, izinsimbi eziqondisayo nezicindezelayo. Iketanga le-conveyor lisebenza kusetshenziswa injini kagesi ekhethekile. Amamotho kagesi anama-spindles asebenzayo agxilile ezisekelweni, ezibekwe phezu kwamakholomu, enye yazo ehambayo futhi enye imile. Ikholomu enyakazayo ihanjiswa ebangeni elihambisana nobude bento ecutshungulwayo kusetshenziswa injini kagesi ekhethekile. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwayo, into yokuqala ihlangana namasaha amabili ayindilinga anqamula ubuso ezintweni, bese kuba amakhanda amane avundlile okusika ipulaki, bese kuba amakhanda amane okusika i-oblique bese ekugcineni amakhanda amabili e-slotting. Emshinini wokugaya onezinhlangothi ezimbili womkhiqizo we-ŠD -12(fig.8) amapulaki angenziwa ezintweni ezinobude obufika kuye2400 mmububanzi bufika ku1000 mmnokuqina kuze kufike150 mm. Izici zobuchwepheshe zomshini wokugaya i-ŠD - 12:
- Ubude be-plug bufika ku-200 mm
- Xhuma ubude bufike ku-50 min
- Ibanga elincane phakathi kwama-spikes 200 mm
- Ubuncane bepulaki ukujiya 10 mm
- Inani lokuphenduka kwama-spindles asebenzayo ngeminithi 2850
- Ubukhulu be-Lathe:
- ubude 4980 mm
- ububanzi 3935 mm
- ubude 1980 mm
- Isisindo se-Lathe 7000 kg
Lo mshini wokugaya unezinto ezine ezikhathazayo ngokususwa kwendawo: 2, 3; 3, 5; 4, 6 kanye 7, 0 m/min.
Isithombe 8: Ukubukeka okuvamile komshini wokugaya ozinhlangothi zombili kanye nomshini wokugaya ŠD - 12