Important Warning: This is a historical archive text, not a current machine specification, risk assessment or operating manual. Model designations, dimensions, powers, speeds, capacities, protective devices and description of procedures must be checked against applicable regulations, manufacturer’s documentation and safe work rules.
This text is not an equipment offer or service documentation of Savo Kusić. The current offer is focused on windows, doors and related solutions.
Jointing and planing machines
Planing machines are used to process wooden elements, to give them exact dimensions and profiles; milling machines are used for processing straight and curved elements and for processing them according to the given profile.
Image 1: Jointer SF 4 - 3
Grouting machines are used for planing wide and narrow sides while maintaining a given angle between them. This planing is therefore done to create a bearing surface on the wide and narrow sides for the final processing of the product. The grouting machine consists of a body, a front longer and a back shorter part of the table, a rotating roller with knives, mechanisms for lifting the table and a guiding ruler - a guide.
With most machines, the material is moved manually. However, the shift can be easily mechanized by installing an additional UPA device.
SF 4 - 3 grouting machine was very widespread in woodworking companies (Figure 1). It has a monopole hull, front elongated table, rear shortened, roller with two knives, angle guide and electric motor. This one has the following features:
- Maximum planing width 400 mm
- Diameter of roller with knives 125 mm
- Table length: rear 1100 mm
- front 900 mm
- Number of revolutions of the roller with knives 5000 rpm
- The strength of the electric current 3,2 kW
- Machine weight 705 kg
The thickening machine (dicht) is shown in the picture 2, it is used for planing the wider sides of the elements, giving them the intended thickness.
Thickness planers
Image 2: Double-sided thickness planer S 2R -12
This type of machine is divided into single-sided and double-sided with mechanical movement of the material. The movement of the material is done via rollers, and in special cases by a conveyor belt for double-sided machines. This machine consists of a body, a table, a roller with knives, a roller for moving the material or a conveyor belt, a steel plane for crushing scum, a weighting cheek, lower smooth rollers, lifting mechanisms, a wheel with protective supports, a suction device for scum.
Image 3: Single-sided thickness planer SR 6 - 3
In single-sided thickener machines with a fully toothed roller for moving the material, the role of a steel plane for crushing the slag is performed by a protective bumper. When working in woodworking workshops in the production of building elements, the most common is the thickening machine SR 6 -3 (picture 3), which has the following technical characteristics:
- Planing width 600 mm
- Material displacement speed 10,5 - 14,5 m/mm
- The largest thickness of the stripped shell 5 - 6 mm
- Number of revolutions of the roller with knives 4250 rpm
- Diameter of roller with knives 125 mm
- Knife dimensions 610 x 40 x 3 mm
- Power of the electric motor of the roller with knives 7,4 kW at 3000 rpm
- Power of electric motor for moving material 0,85 kW
- Machine weight 950 kg
There is also a SR 6 - 3 thickener machine with a roller for moving the material, on which several elements with a thickness difference of up to 5 mm can be simultaneously planed, which occupy from 50 to 90 % of the width of the machine table.
Four-sided planers are intended to plan the wider and narrower sides (buckets) of various elements and to give them a given section. These planers are divided into light, medium and heavy for ordinary and fine planing of wood. The planer consists of a body, two horizontal and two vertical rollers with knives, a table with moving rollers, suction funnels, a device for lifting the table, electric motors on the shafts of which heads with knives are attached and electric motors with mechanisms for moving the material.
Four-sided planers
Planers for fine planing of important elements of smaller dimensions, instead of rollers that move the material, have conveyor belts or a combination of conveyor belt and roller. Heavy-duty planers have smoothing knives, which, like grinders, clean the face of the elements being planed (Figure 4).
Picture 4: Heavy-duty planer with planing knives
The machine type selected depends on the elements to be produced and the size of the company. In the USSR, for example, a four-sided planer SK - 15 (fig. 5) was used for fine planing.
Image 5: Planer for fine planing ŠK - 15
This machine has the following technical characteristics:
- Maximum width of material to be processed 150 mm
- Maximum width of material to be processed 20 mm
- Maximum and minimum thickness of the material to be processed 75% 10 mm
- Minimum length of material to be processed 400 mm
- Material movement speed 7 - 9,5 - 13,5 - 24 - 33,5 m/min
- Number of revolutions of heads with knives per minute 3000
- Electric motor power of vertical heads with knives, each 3,2 kW
- The power of the electric motor of the lower and upper horizontal head is 4 kW each
- Power of the electric motor for moving material at 1000 rpm
- Machine weight 2925 kg
In smaller enterprises for processing wood and in the conditions of rural construction, milling machines for making plugs and slots brand FŠ - 3 can be widely used, which can be used for milling and making plugs and slots (fig. 6).
Tenoning and slotting machines
Image 6: Tenoning and slotting machine
The milling machine for plugging and slotting has the following technical characteristics:
Spindle revolutions per minute:
- For tongue-and-groove work 3000
- For milling works 6000 - 8000
- Diameter of the embedded part of the spindle 30 mm
- Table size 1000 x 800 mm
- Electric motor power 4,2 - 5,1 kW
- Number of revolutions of the electric motor per minute 3000
- Maximum spindle movement 100 mm
- Dimensions of discs for cutting plugs and slots
- diameter 250 mm
- thickness 9 mm
- Machine weight 530 kg
The single-sided milling machine for plugging and slotting consists of a body, plugs of electrified spindles, fixed on the shafts of special electric motors, so that they can be placed at the required angle, and carriages for moving the material with quick-acting clamps.
In its movement, the material first encounters a circular saw that cuts the faces of the material, then comes two horizontal heads for cutting the plug, after this two vertical heads for oblique cutting and finally a milling cutter for slotting (fig. 7).
Picture 7: Schematic of making a plug and a slot on a double-sided milling machine
Material movement is done manually. The Š - 06 milling machine can process elements with a thickness of up to 150 mm and a width of up to 400 mm. Technical characteristics of the milling machine Š - 06:
- Maximum plug length 200 mm
- Plug height up to 50 mm
- Slot depth up to 125 mm
- Slot width up to 30 mm
Number of revolutions of working spindles per minute 3000 Maximum travel of the train 1985 mm The double-sided plugging and slotting milling machine is intended for the production of plugs and slots on both fronts of window elements, doors, various panels, etc. This milling machine consists of a body, twelve electrified working spindles, attached to the shafts of special electric motors, a special conveyor mechanism, which consists of a guide roller, transmission chains, guiding and pressing levers. The conveyor chain is set in motion by means of a special electric motor. Electric motors with working spindles are fixed on a support, which rests on columns, one of which is movable and the other is stationary. The movable column is moved to a distance corresponding to the length of the element being processed by means of a special electric motor. During its movement, the material encounters first two circular saws that cut the faces on the elements, then four horizontal heads for cutting out the plug, then four heads for oblique cutting and finally two heads for slotting. On the double-sided milling machine brand ŠD - 12 (fig. 8) it is possible to make caps on elements up to 2400 mm long, up to 1000 mm wide and up to 150 mm thick. Technical characteristics of the milling machine ŠD - 12:
- Plug length up to 200 mm
- Plug height up to 50 min
- Minimum distance between spikes 200 mm
- Minimum plug thickness 10 mm
- Number of revolutions of working spindles per minute 2850
- Machine dimensions:
- length 4980 mm
- width 3935 mm
- height 1980 mm
- Machine weight 7000 kg
This milling machine has four material-feed speeds: 2, 3; 3, 5; 4, 6 and 7, 0 m/min.
Picture 8: General appearance of the double-sided milling machine for plugging and slotting ŠD - 12