Chenjezo Lofunika: Awa ndi mawu osungira zakale, osati makina amakono, kuwunika zoopsa kapena buku logwiritsa ntchito. Mawonekedwe a zitsanzo, miyeso, mphamvu, liwiro, mphamvu, zida zodzitetezera ndi kufotokozera njira ziyenera kuyang’aniridwa motsutsana ndi malamulo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito, zolemba za opanga ndi malamulo otetezeka a ntchito.

Mawuwa sizinthu zoperekedwa ndi Savo Kusić. Kupereka kwapano kumangoyang’ana mazenera, zitseko ndi mayankho ogwirizana.

Makina opangira ma grouting ndi kupanga

Makina okonzekera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinthu zamatabwa, kuwapatsa miyeso yeniyeni ndi mbiri; makina amphero amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinthu zowongoka komanso zopindika ndikuzikonza molingana ndi mbiri yomwe wapatsidwa.

Mbiri yakale yamakina opangira ma grouting, chizindikiro chosungira 20190927 140320 1

Chithunzi 1: Makina opangira SF 4 - 3

Makina opangira ma grouting amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbali zazikulu komanso zopapatiza ndikusunga ngodya yoperekedwa pakati pawo. Kukonzekera uku kumapangidwa kuti apange malo ozungulira kumbali zonse ndi zopapatiza pomaliza kukonza mankhwala. Makina opangira ma grouting ali ndi thupi, kutsogolo kwautali ndi gawo lakumbuyo lalifupi la tebulo, chogudubuza chozungulira chokhala ndi mipeni, njira zonyamulira tebulo ndi wowongolera - kalozera.

Ndi makina ambiri, zinthuzo zimasunthidwa pamanja. Komabe, kusinthaku kumatha kusinthidwa mosavuta ndikuyika chida chowonjezera cha UPA.

SF 4 - 3 makina opangira matabwa anali ofala kwambiri m’makampani opanga matabwa (Chithunzi 1). Ili ndi chikopa cha monopole, tebulo lakutsogolo, lakumbuyo lalifupi, chogudubuza chokhala ndi mipeni iwiri, kalozera wamakona ndi mota yamagetsi. Izi zili ndi izi: 

  • M’lifupi kwambiri 400 mm
  • Diameter ya roller yokhala ndi mipeni 125 mm
  • Utali wa tebulo: kumbuyo 1100 mm
  • kutsogolo 900 mm
  • Nambala yakusintha kwa chogudubuza chokhala ndi mipeni 5000 rpm
  • Mphamvu ya mota yamagetsi 3,2 kW
  • Kulemera kwa makina 705 kg

Makina okulitsa (dicht) akuwonetsedwa pachithunzi 2, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mbali zazikulu za zinthu, kuwapatsa makulidwe omwe akufuna.

Makina owonjezera kulemera

Kawonedwe ka mbiri yamakina onenepa a mbali ziwiri, chizindikiro chosungira 20190927 1021381

Chithunzi 2: Makina Awiri Awiri Amafuta S 2R -12

Makina amtunduwu amagawidwa m’mbali imodzi komanso mbali ziwiri ndi kayendedwe ka makina azinthu. Kusuntha kwa zinthuzo kumachitika kudzera mwa odzigudubuza, ndipo mwapadera ndi lamba woyendetsa makina awiri-mbali. Makinawa amakhala ndi thupi, tebulo, chodzigudubuza ndi mipeni, chodzigudubuza chosunthira zinthu kapena lamba wonyamula, ndege yachitsulo yophwanyira zinyalala, tsaya lolemera, zodzigudubuza zosalala, njira zonyamulira, gudumu lokhala ndi zoteteza, chida choyamwa cha scum.

Kuwona kwakanthawi kwamakina onenepa ambali imodzi, chizindikiro chosungira 20190927 102251

Chithunzi 3: Makina onenepa a mbali imodzi SR 6 - 3

M’makina amtundu umodzi wamtundu umodzi wokhala ndi chodzigudubuza chokhala ndi mano okwanira kuti asunthire zinthuzo, ntchito ya ndege yachitsulo yophwanya slag imachitidwa ndi bumper yoteteza. Pogwira ntchito m’mabwalo opangira matabwa popanga zinthu zomanga, chodziwika kwambiri ndi makina akukhuthala SR 6 -3 (chithunzi 3), omwe ali ndi izi:

  • Planning wide 600 mm
  • Mtengo wa chakudya 10,5 - 14,5 m/mm
  • Kukula kwakukulu kwa chipolopolo chovulidwa 5 - 6 mm
  • Nambala yakusintha kwa chogudubuza chokhala ndi mipeni 4250 rpm
  • Diameter ya roller yokhala ndi mipeni 125 mm
  • Kukula kwa mpeni 610 x 40 x 3 mm
  • Mphamvu ya mota yamagetsi ya chogudubuza mpeni 7,4 kW pa 3000 rpm
  • Mphamvu yagalimoto yamagetsi yosuntha zinthu 0,85 kW
  • Kulemera kwa makina 950 kg

Palinso makina onenepa amtundu wa SR6-3ndi chogudubuza chosuntha zinthu, zomwe zinthu zingapo zokhala ndi kusiyana kwa makulidwe mpaka zimatha kukonzedwa nthawi imodzi.5 mm, omwe amakhala kuchokera50ku90 %makina tebulo m’lifupi.

Mapulani a mbali zinayi amapangidwa kuti akonzekere mbali zazikulu ndi zopapatiza (zidebe) za zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikuwapatsa gawo lopatsidwa. Mapulani awa amagawidwa kukhala opepuka, apakati komanso olemetsa popanga matabwa wamba komanso bwino. The planer imakhala ndi thupi, awiri opingasa ndi awiri ofukula odzigudubuza ndi mipeni, tebulo ndi odzigudubuza kusuntha, zoyamwitsa funnels, chipangizo chonyamulira tebulo, ma motors magetsi pa mipingo imene mitu ndi mipeni amamangiriridwa ndi ma motors magetsi ndi njira kusuntha zinthu.

Mapulani a mbali zinayi

Okonza mapulani abwino a zinthu zofunika za miyeso yaying’ono, m’malo mwa zodzigudubuza zomwe zimasuntha zinthuzo, zimakhala ndi malamba oyendetsa galimoto kapena kuphatikiza lamba woyendetsa ndi wodzigudubuza. Mapulani olemetsa amakhala ndi mipeni yosalala, yomwe, monga chopukusira, imayeretsa nkhope ya zinthu zomwe zimakonzedwa (Chithunzi 4).

Mawonedwe akale a heavy type planer, archive mark 20190927 102331

Chithunzi 4: Wolemba ntchito wolemetsa wokhala ndi mipeni 

Ndi mtundu uti wa lathe womwe ungasankhe umadalira zinthu zomwe ziyenera kupangidwa komanso kukula kwa kampaniyo. Ku USSR, mwachitsanzo, ndege ya mbali zinayi SK - 15 (mkuyu 5) idagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza bwino.

Mbiri yakale ya pulani yokonza bwino, chizindikiro chankhokwe 20190927 102422

Chithunzi 5: Wokonza mapulani abwino ŠK - 15

Lathe iyi ili ndi izi zaukadaulo: 

  • Kuchulukitsa kwazinthu zomwe zikukonzedwa 150 mm
  • Kuchulukitsa kwazinthu zomwe zikukonzedwa 20 mm
  • Kuchuluka komanso makulidwe ochepa azinthu zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa 75% 10 mm
  • Kutalika kwazinthu zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa 400 mm
  • Kuthamanga kwa zinthu 7 - 9,5 - 13,5 - 24 - 33,5 m/min
  • Chiwerengero cha kutembenuka kwa mitu yokhala ndi mipeni pamphindi 3000
  • Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamitu yoyima yokhala ndi mipeni, iliyonse 3,2 kW
  • Mphamvu ya mota yamagetsi yamutu wakumunsi ndi kumtunda wopingasa ndi 4 kW iliyonse
  • Mphamvu ya mota yamagetsi yosuntha zinthu pa 1000 rpm
  • Kulemera kwa lathe 2925 kg

M’makampani ang’onoang’ono opangira matabwa komanso m’malo omanga kumidzi, makina opangira mphero opangira mapulagi ndi slots mtundu FŠ - 3 angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mphero ndikupanga mapulagi ndi mipata (mkuyu 6).

Makina osindikizira a plugging ndi slotting

Kawonedwe ka mbiri yamakina ophera popula ndi kulotera, chizindikiro chosungira 20190927 171642 2

Chithunzi 6: Makina ophera popula ndi kulotera

Makina opangira mphero a pulagi ndi slotting ali ndi izi:

Kusintha kwa spindle pamphindi:

  • Kodi lilime ndi groove amachita chiyani 3000
  • Ntchito zogaya 6000 - 8000
  • Diameter ya gawo lophatikizidwa la spindle 30 mm
  • Kukula kwa tebulo 1000 x 800 mm
  • Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi 4,2 - 5,1 kW
  • Kusintha kwamagalimoto amagetsi pamphindi 3000
  • Kusuntha kwakukulu kwa spindle 100 mm
  • Miyeso ya ma disks odula corks ndi mipata
  • awiri 250 mm
  • makulidwe 9 mm
  • Kulemera kwa lathe 530 kg

Makina a mphero a mbali imodzi a plugging ndi slotting amakhala ndi thupi, mapulagi a ma spindles opangidwa ndi magetsi, okhazikika pamiyendo yamagetsi apadera amagetsi, kuti athe kuikidwa pamakona ofunikira, ndi zotengera zoyendetsa zinthuzo ndi zomangira zofulumira.

Pakusuntha kwake, zinthuzo zimakumana ndi zozungulira zozungulira zomwe zimadula nkhope za zinthuzo, kenako zimabwera mitu iwiri yopingasa yodula pulagi, pambuyo pa mitu iwiri yolunjika yodula oblique ndipo potsiriza wodula mphero kwa slotting (mkuyu 7).

Chiwembu chambiri chopanga ma corks ndi ma splines, zolemba zakale 20190927 1024222

Chithunzi 7: Ndondomeko yopangira pulagi ndi kagawo pamakina amphero a mbali ziwiri

 Kusuntha kwazinthu kumachitika pamanja. Pa makina opangira mphero Š - 06 m, zinthu zokhuthala mpaka 150 mm ndi m’lifupi mpaka 400 mm zitha kupangidwa. Katswiri wamakina ophera Š - 06:

  • Kutalika kwakukulu kwa pulagi 200 mm
  • Kutalika kwapakati mpaka 50 mm
  • Kuzama kwa malo mpaka 125 mm
  • Slot m’lifupi mpaka 30 mm

Nambala yakusintha kwa masipingo ogwirira ntchito pamphindi imodzi 3000  Ulendo wochuluka wa sitima 1985 mm Makina ojambulira mbali ziwiri ndi mphero amapangidwira kuti apange mapulagi ndi mipata kumbali zonse zazenera, zitseko, mapanelo osiyanasiyana, ndi zina zambiri. Makina opangira mpherowa amakhala ndi thupi, zopota zopangira magetsi khumi ndi ziwiri, zomwe zimamangiriridwa pamiyendo yamagetsi apadera amagetsi, njira yapadera yolumikizira, yomwe imakhala ndi chowongolera, unyolo wotumizira, mayendedwe owongolera ndi kukanikiza. Unyolo wonyamulira umayendetsedwa ndi injini yapadera yamagetsi. Ma motors amagetsi okhala ndi ma spindles ogwirira ntchito amakhazikika pa chothandizira, chomwe chimakhazikika pazipilala, chimodzi chomwe chimasunthika ndipo chinacho chimakhala chokhazikika. Mzere wosunthika umasunthidwa kumtunda wofanana ndi kutalika kwa chinthu chomwe chikukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito injini yapadera yamagetsi. Pakusuntha kwake, zinthuzo zimakumana ndi macheka awiri ozungulira omwe amadula nkhope pa zinthu, kenako mitu inayi yopingasa podula pulagi, kenako mitu inayi yodula oblique ndipo pamapeto pake mitu iwiri yolowera.  Pa makina ophera a mbali ziwiri a mtundu wa ŠD - 12 (mku. 8) ndizotheka kupanga mapulagi pa zinthu zotalika mpaka 2400 mm, m’lifupi mwake mpaka 1000 mm ndi makulidwe mpaka 150 mm Katswiri wamakina amphero ŠD - 12:

  • Pulagi kutalika mpaka 200 mm
  • Pulagi kutalika mpaka 50 min
  • Mtunda wochepera pakati pa spikes 200 mm
  • Kuchuluka kwa pulagi 10 mm
  • Nambala yakusintha kwa masipingo ogwirira ntchito pamphindi imodzi 2850
  • Makulidwe a Lathe:
  • kutalika 4980 mm
  • m’lifupi 3935 mm
  • kutalika 1980 mm
  • Kulemera kwa lathe 7000 kg

Makina ampherowa ali ndi zovuta zinayi zakusuntha: 2, 3; 3, 5; 4, 6 ndi 7, 0 m/min.

Kawonedwe kambiri ka makina omangira mbali ziwiri ndi makina opukutira, chizindikiro chosungira 20190927 102725

Chithunzi 8: Mawonekedwe ake onse a makina opuloga ndi mbali ziwiri ŠD - 12