Muhimmin Gargaɗi: Wannan rubutu ne na tarihi, ba ƙayyadaddun inji na yanzu ba, ƙimar haɗari ko littafin aiki. Zane-zanen ƙira, girma, iko, gudu, iyawa, na’urorin kariya da bayanin hanyoyin dole ne a duba su a kan ƙa’idodin da suka dace, takaddun masana’anta da amintattun ƙa’idodin aiki.
Wannan rubutun ba tayin kayan aiki bane ko takaddun sabis na Savo Kusić. tayin na yanzu yana mai da hankali kan tagogi, kofofin da mafita masu alaƙa.
Injin grouting da shiryawa
Ana amfani da injunan tsarawa don aiwatar da abubuwa na katako, don ba su ainihin ma’auni da bayanan martaba; Ana amfani da injunan niƙa don sarrafa madaidaitan abubuwa masu lanƙwasa da sarrafa su bisa ga bayanin da aka bayar.
Hoto 1: Na’ura mai girki SF 4 - 3
Ana amfani da injunan ƙwanƙwasa don tsara tarnaƙi masu faɗi da kunkuntar yayin da suke riƙe da kusurwar da aka ba su a tsakanin su. Don haka ana yin wannan shirin ne don ƙirƙirar ƙasa mai ɗaukar nauyi akan faɗuwa da kunkuntar ɓangarorin don sarrafa samfurin na ƙarshe. Na’urar grouting ta ƙunshi jiki, gaba da tsayi da baya ga guntu na tebur, abin nadi mai jujjuyawa tare da wukake, hanyoyin ɗaga tebur da jagorar jagora - jagora.
Tare da yawancin injuna, ana motsa kayan da hannu. Koyaya, ana iya sarrafa motsi cikin sauƙi ta hanyar shigar da ƙarin na’urar UPA.
SF 4 - 3 injin grouting ya yadu sosai a cikin kamfanonin katako (Hoto 1). Yana da ƙwanƙolin monopole, tebur elongated na gaba, gajeriyar baya, abin nadi mai wuƙaƙe biyu, jagorar kusurwa da injin lantarki. Wannan yana da abubuwa masu zuwa:
- Matsakaicin faɗin shirin 400 mm
- Diamita na abin nadi da wukake 125 mm
- Tsawon tebur: baya 1100 mm
- gaban 900 mm
- Yawan juyi na abin nadi tare da wukake 5000 rpm
- Ƙarfin motar lantarki 3,2 kW
- Nauyin inji 705 kg
Ana nuna na’ura mai kauri (dicht) a cikin hoton 2, ana amfani da shi don tsara manyan bangarorin abubuwan, yana ba su kauri da aka nufa.
Injin ƙara nauyi
Hoto 2: Injin Fat Mai Sided Biyu S 2R -12
Irin wannan nau’in na’ura ya kasu kashi ɗaya da gefe guda biyu tare da motsi na inji na kayan. Ana yin motsi na kayan ta hanyar rollers, kuma a cikin lokuta na musamman ta hanyar bel mai ɗaukar kaya a cikin yanayin injuna mai gefe biyu. Wannan injin ya ƙunshi jiki, tebur, abin nadi tare da wukake, abin nadi don motsi kayan ko bel na jigilar kaya, jirgin sama na ƙarfe don murkushe ƙazanta, kunci mai nauyi, ƙananan rollers masu santsi, hanyoyin ɗagawa, dabaran tare da tallafi na kariya, na’urar tsotsa don ƙazanta.
Hoto 3: Injin kitson gefe ɗaya SR 6 - 3
A cikin injunan kauri mai gefe guda tare da nadi mai cikakken haƙori don motsi kayan, rawar da jirgin saman ƙarfe don murƙushe shingen yana yin ta ta hanyar kariya. Lokacin aiki a cikin bitar aikin katako a cikin samar da abubuwan gini, mafi yawanci shine na’ura mai kauri SR 6 -3 (hoto 3), wanda ke da halaye masu zuwa:
- Faɗin shirin 600 mm
- Adadin kayan abinci 10,5 - 14,5 m/mm
- Mafi girman kauri na harsashi mai tsiri 5 - 6 mm
- Yawan juyi na abin nadi tare da wukake 4250 rpm
- Diamita na abin nadi da wukake 125 mm
- Girman wuƙa 610 x 40 x 3 mm
- Ikon injin lantarki na abin nadi na wuka 7,4 kW a 3000 rpm
- Ƙarfin motar lantarki don kayan motsi 0,85 kW
- Nauyin inji 950 kg
Akwai kuma injin kitso na alamar SR6-3tare da abin nadi don motsi kayan, wanda abubuwa da yawa tare da bambancin kauri har zuwa za’a iya shirya su a lokaci guda.5 mm, wanda ya mamaye daga50ku90 %inji tebur nisa.
An yi niyya masu fa’ida mai gefe huɗu don tsara fa’ida da kunkuntar bangarori (buckets) na abubuwa daban-daban kuma a ba su sashin da aka ba su. An raba waɗannan masu shirin zuwa haske, matsakaici da nauyi don tsarar katako na yau da kullun da lafiya. Planer ya ƙunshi jiki, biyu a kwance da kuma rollers biyu a tsaye tare da wukake, tebur mai motsi rollers, funnels tsotsa, na’urar ɗaga tebur, injinan lantarki akan sandunan da aka haɗe kawunansu da wukake da injinan lantarki tare da hanyoyin motsa kayan.
Masu shirye-shirye masu gefe huɗu
Masu tsara shirye-shirye don tsararrun abubuwa masu mahimmanci na ƙananan girma, maimakon rollers waɗanda ke motsa kayan, suna da bel na jigilar kaya ko haɗin bel ɗin jigilar kaya da abin nadi. Na’urori masu ɗaukar nauyi suna da wuƙaƙe masu santsi, waɗanda, kamar injin niƙa, suna tsabtace fuskar abubuwan da ake shiryawa (Hoto 4).
Hoto 4: Mai ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi tare da wuƙaƙen shirin
Wani nau’in lathe da za a zaɓa ya dogara da abubuwan da za a samar da girman kamfanin. A cikin USSR, alal misali, an yi amfani da SK planer mai gefe huɗu don tsarawa mai kyau -15(fig.5).
Hoto 5: Mai tsara shirin tsarawa mai kyau ŠK - 15
Wannan lathe yana da halayen fasaha masu zuwa:
- Matsakaicin faɗin kayan da ake sarrafa 150 mm
- Matsakaicin faɗin kayan da ake sarrafa 20 mm
- Matsakaicin mafi ƙarancin kauri na kayan da za a sarrafa 75% 10 mm
- Mafi ƙarancin tsawon kayan da za a sarrafa 400 mm
- Gudun motsi na abu 7 - 9,5 - 13,5 - 24 - 33,5 m/min
- Yawan juyi na kawunansu da wukake a minti daya 3000
- Wutar lantarki na kawunan kai tsaye tare da wukake, kowane 3,2 kW
- Ƙarfin motar lantarki na ƙasa da babba a kwance shine 4 kW kowace
- Ƙarfin motar lantarki don kayan motsi a 1000 rpm
- Nauyin Lathe 2925 kg
A cikin ƙananan kamfanonin katako da kuma a cikin yanayin gine-gine na yankunan karkara, ana iya amfani da injunan milling don yin matosai da ramummuka FŠ - 3, wanda za ku iya yin aikin milling da yin matosai da ramummuka (fig. 6).
Injin niƙa don toshewa da slotting
Hoto 6: Injin niƙa don toshewa da slotting
Injin niƙa don toshewa da slotting yana da halaye masu zuwa:
Juyin juyayi a minti daya:
- Wane harshe da tsagi suke yi 3000
- Don aikin niƙa 6000 - 8000
- Diamita na sashin da aka saka na sandal 30 mm
- Girman tebur 1000 x 800 mm
- Wutar lantarki 4,2 - 5,1 kW
- Juyin juzu’in motar lantarki a minti daya 3000
- Matsakaicin motsin sandal 100 mm
- Girman fayafai don yankan tsintsiya da ramummuka
- diamita 250 mm
- kauri 9 mm
- Nauyin Lathe 530 kg
Na’ura mai niƙa mai gefe guda don toshewa da slotting ta ƙunshi jiki, matosai na ƙwanƙwasa wutar lantarki, gyarawa a kan ramuka na injunan lantarki na musamman, ta yadda za a iya sanya su a kusurwar da ake buƙata, da karusai don motsi kayan aiki tare da matsi masu sauri.
A cikin motsinsa, kayan ya fara cin karo da wani zato mai da’ira wanda ke yanke fuskokin kayan, sannan ya zo da kawuna biyu a kwance don yanke filogi, bayan wannan kawuna biyu na tsaye don yankan da ba daidai ba sannan kuma mai yankan niƙa don yin rami (fig. 7).
Hoto 7: Tsarin yin filogi da rami akan injin niƙa mai gefe biyu
Ana yin motsi na kayan aiki da hannu. A kan alamar injin niƙa Š - 06 m, ana iya sarrafa abubuwa masu kauri har zuwa 150 mm da faɗin har zuwa 400 mm. Halayen fasaha na injin niƙa Š - 06:
- Matsakaicin tsayin filogi 200 mm
- Tsayin tsayi har zuwa 50 mm
- Zurfin rami har zuwa 125 mm
- Faɗin ramin har zuwa 30 mm
Adadin jujjuyawar igiyoyi masu aiki a minti daya 3000 Matsakaicin tafiyar jirgin ƙasa 1985 mm Na’urar toshe mai gefe guda biyu da na’urar niƙa an yi niyya don samar da matosai da ramummuka a bangarorin biyu na abubuwan taga, kofofin, bangarori daban-daban, da sauransu. Wannan injin niƙa ya ƙunshi jiki, igiyoyi masu aiki da wutar lantarki guda goma sha biyu, waɗanda aka haɗe zuwa ramukan injinan lantarki na musamman, na’urar jigilar kaya ta musamman, wacce ta ƙunshi abin nadi na jagora, sarƙoƙin watsawa, jagora da latsawa. Ana saita sarkar mai ɗaukar nauyi ta hanyar injin lantarki na musamman. Motocin lantarki tare da igiyoyi masu aiki suna gyarawa akan goyan baya, waɗanda ke kwance akan ginshiƙai, ɗayan ɗayan yana motsi kuma ɗayan yana tsaye. Ana matsar da ginshiƙi mai motsi zuwa nisa daidai da tsawon abin da ake sarrafa shi ta hanyar injin lantarki na musamman. A lokacin motsi, kayan sun fara cin karo da zato guda biyu masu madauwari da suka yanke fuskoki a kan abubuwan, sannan kawuna a kwance don yanke filogi, sannan kawuna hudu don yankan madaidaici sannan a karshe kawunan biyu don yin slotting. A kan injin niƙa mai gefe biyu na alamar ŠD - 12 (fig. 8) yana yiwuwa a yi matosai akan abubuwa masu tsayi har zuwa 2400 mm, nisa har zuwa 1000 mm da kauri har zuwa 150 mm Halayen fasaha na injin niƙa ŠD - 12:
- Tsawon toshe har zuwa 200 mm
- Toshe tsayi har zuwa 50 min
- Mafi ƙarancin tazara tsakanin spikes 200 mm
- Mafi ƙarancin kauri 10 mm
- Adadin jujjuyawar igiyoyi masu aiki a minti daya 2850
- Girman lathe:
- tsayi 4980 mm
- nisa 3935 mm
- tsawo 1980 mm
- Nauyin Lathe 7000 kg
Wannan injin niƙa yana da abubuwan da suka shafi ƙaura guda huɗu: 2, 3; 3, 5; 4, 6 da 7, 0 m/min.
Hoto 8: Gabaɗaya bayyanar na’urar toshe fuska biyu da injin niƙa ŠD - 12