Inothi elibalulekile lezempilo nokuphepha: Lona umbhalo ogcinwe kungobo yomlando ovela ku-2018. unyaka, hhayi ukuhlolwa kodonga lukakhonkolo, ukubala okuthwala umthwalo noma imiyalelo yokuzimba nokuzibopha. Ngaphambi komsebenzi, impahla, isimo nokuqina kwe-substrate, indawo kagesi efihliwe, igesi, amapayipi nokunye ukufakwa, kanye nesistimu yokubopha efanele kanye nomthwalo ovunyelwe ngokusho kwemibhalo yamanje yomkhiqizi, kufanele kunqunywe ngokuthembekile. Uthuli lokwakha lungase lube ne-silicon ephefumulayo ecwebezelayo, nopende abadala, ama-plaster, ama-coating and insulation kanye nezinye izinto eziyingozi; ukukhishwa okufanele kothuli, iso, ukuvikelwa kokuzwa nokuphefumula kanye nokwahlulela kochwepheshe kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuphazamisa izingqimba ezingaziwa. Impushana namanye amathuluzi ochwepheshe okubopha ngokuqondile angasetshenziswa kuphela abantu abaqeqeshiwe ngokwemithetho yethuluzi elithile kanye ne-substrate. Izinto ezisindayo, ezilengayo, eziguqukayo, ezidinga ukuphepha neziphezulu kufanele zilinganiswe futhi zifakwe uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe.
Ukunamathisela izinto odongeni akuyona ingxenye yomnikelo omusha womphakathi we-Savo Kusić. Ukugxila kwamanje amafasitela ezingodo, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium, amawindi angokwezifiso kanye neminyango. Ngewindi noma iphrojekthi yomnyango, ungathumela isicelo sekhwothi.
Ukunamathisela izinzipho namahhuku ezindongeni
Singakwazi ukushayelela izipikili ezindongeni zikakhonkolo kuphela ngesibhamu. Kunzima kakhulu ukushayelela izipikili ezindongeni zezitini. Ezimweni eziningi, ukungqongqoza kuhambisana nodaka oluwayo.
Uma sifuna ukubophela izipikili eziqinile odongeni, ezinomthamo omkhulu wokulayisha, kufanele kusetshenziswe amadowels. Lokhu akulula kakhulu, kodwa igama elifuywe kakade livela egameni lesiJalimane elithi Dübel. Incazelo yalo yasekuqaleni - ukufakwa ngokhuni okufakwa odongeni nge-plaster. Singenza lolu hlobo lokufaka kusuka kufir esimweni sephiramidi esikiwe, isisekelo saso esingaphansi singu-10 x 10 cm. Uma sisike into efakwayo, kufanele ibekwe odongeni ngesisekelo esingezansi, phawula indawo ngepensela bese uvala udonga nxazonke 10 cm ukuze ukuvuleka kuvuleleke ngaphakathi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-insole kufanele imanziswe kahle, ukuvuleka kufanele kufafazwe ngamanzi futhi kufakwe ukhonkolo kuwo. Kumelwe sibeke ukhonkolo esisekelweni esingezansi nasezinhlangothini zokufaka bese siyibeka endaweni yokuvula ukuze sigcwalise ukhonkolo okwanele nxazonke. Ekugcineni, udonga kufanele lulinganiswe. Kufanele sisebenze ngokushesha nge-plaster, ngoba ibeka ngokushesha. Kuphela uma i-plaster yomile ngokuphelele, singakwazi ukunamathisela izinto ku-insole (fig. 1).
Isithombe 1 — Ukumelwa komlando kokufakwa kokufakwa ngokhuni odongeni
Ezikhathini zakamuva, ama-insoles enziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa asetshenziswa. Lezi zinto ezifakwayo zenziwe nge-thermoplastic polyethylene ethambisa ekushiseni, ngakho-ke izikulufu ezishisayo akumele zifakwe kuzo.
Ubude bedoli 45 mm, kodwa bungafinyezwa uma kuthanda ngokusika isiphetho ngembobo. Umumo we-dowel uyi-cylindrical, ububanzi 6,8 futhi 10 mm. Indawo yangaphandle ihlinzekwa ngezimbambo ezifika cishe kwezingxenye ezintathu kwezine zobude bayo. Ebanjeni lesibili, ukubala ukusuka phezulu, i-tensioner ibekwe ngendlela yezandiso ezimbili ezincane. Ivimbela ukushelela ngaphandle kokuvuleka. Izikulufu zokhuni ze-3-5 mm ububanzi zingafakwa kulezi zinto ezifakiwe (ezintweni ezilula, izikulufu ezinohlamvu oluvamile zingasetshenziswa), fig. 2.
Isithombe 2 — Ukufakwa ngokhuni kanye nedowel yepulasitiki
Ukufakwa okwenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa, izimbobo ezihambisanayo kufanele zibhojwe odongeni. Ukuprakthiza odongeni okubanjwa ngesandla kungcono kakhulu kulokhu. Uma sifuna ukubeka isikulufu esinobubanzi obuncane endaweni efakiwe (isb.3 mm), khona-ke ububanzi be-drill kufanele bube buncane kunobubanzi obungaphandle bokufaka. Okwezikulufu ezivela4futhi5 mm, ububanzi be-drill kufanele bufane nobubanzi bokufaka. I-wall drill iyithuluzi elinezinsimbi ezintathu. Ibhobolwa ngokuyishaya ngesando ngesikhathi esifanayo iyiphendule kancane ngesandla. Uma sesiyibhobozile imbobo, ukufakwa kuqhutshelwa emgodini ngesando esilula ukuze singalimazi udonga. Kunconywa ukuthi ubeke iphedi elicwebezelayo noma elipendiwe kusikulufu ukuze uvale imbobo odongeni, noma ekugcineni kokufaka.
Ukushayelela izipikili odongeni lukakhonkolo — ukubhola okunomthelela
Ngokumba udonga lukakhonkolo, sincoma izixazululo eziningana, kuye ngokuthi ubani onamathuluzi nokuthi ubani ozimisele ukuzidela ngale njongo.
Abanikazi bamafulethi anokuzenzisa okukhulu ngokuvamile bathembele eqinisweni lokuthi bazolungisa kabusha indawo yokuhlala kamuva. Uma besantula i-drill kagesi ebanjwa ngesandla ku-toolkit yabo, kuyakhokha ukuthola ebhobozayo (isb. thayipha i-VV-110A1, VV-113A1“lskra”.
Imishini yokusonta enetiphu ye-carbide kuphela esetshenziselwa ukubhola odongeni lukakhonkolo, njengoba i-twist drill evamile ingaphuma ngokushesha.
Ezintweni ezilengayo ezilula kwanele ukuthola ama-drill bits anobubanzi bokufaka i-carbide4-6 mm, kanye nezinto zobukhulu ezisindayo8-10 mm. Ngokulenga izinto ezinzima kakhulu (ngenhla100 kg) izimbobo ezinkulu kune14-20 mm, kodwa kuhle kakhulu ukuphathisa uchwepheshe lo msebenzi.
Amadayamitha, ukujula, ama-engeli, inombolo yezibophelelo nemithwalo esohlwini lombhalo womlando akuzona izicaciso zehange zanamuhla. Umthamo wokuthwala uncike odongeni oluthile, isimo kanye nesimo se-substrate, ibanga elivela emaphethelweni, uhlobo lomthwalo kanye nesistimu yokulungisa ngqo; ezintweni ezisindayo nezibalulekile zokuphepha, ukubala nokufakwa kochwepheshe ngokwemibhalo yamanje yomkhiqizi kuyadingeka.
Izindawo zezimbobo kufanele zimakwe ncamashi ukuze kulawulwe kangcono i-drill bit, ingaphezulu likakhonkolo kufanele libe rough nge-kirner, noma i-three-groove chisel yokubhoboza izindonga (ukuze ithiphu le-drill bit lingahambi). Bese-ke, ngomshini womthelela, singaqala ukubhoboza imbobo. I-axis longitudinal yebhithi yokubhoboza kufanele ibe evamile endizeni yodonga, kodwa ekuthwaleni umthwalo ophephile, kungcono uma imbobo yehla kancane, noma yehlisa i-engeli engu-95-100° ngendiza yaphansi. Ngale ndlela, noma kwenzeka kulayishwa kakhulu, okokufaka, isikulufu noma ihuku kuyagwenywa ekusheleleni ngaphandle kodonga.
Ukujula kwembobo kunqunywa isisindo sento ezolengiswa. Ngozipho, lapho isithombe sizobekwa khona, kwanele ukubhoboza imbobo enobubanzi obungu-4 mm, ukujula okungu-20-25 mm bese ufaka idowel (faka) elenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa noma ukhuni oluqinile kulo mgodi. Uma okufakiwe kuxege kancane esikhaleni, singakwazi ukukunamathisela. Ngemva kokoma, ingxenye yokufaka ephuma odongeni kufanele inqunywe ukuze iguqe odongeni bese sishaya ngesando esipikili esithombeni. Ezintweni ezilengayo ezisindayo, izimbobo ezine noma ngaphezulu ezinobubanzi obungu-8-10 mm kufanele zibhojwe, ngoba umthwalo usatshalaliswa kuye ngenani lezinto ezisekelayo (izikulufu zokhuni, izinzipho, izingwegwe). Kungcono kakhulu ukubeka izinto ezifakiwe zokwenziwa ezinobubanzi obungu-4, 6, 8 kanye no-10 mm, obungathengwa ezitolo.
Ukubhola ngomshini kagesi
Ngomshini wokubhoboza ngesandla kagesi olula, singakwazi nokubhoboza izimbobo odongeni lukakhonkolo. Kodwa lolu hlobo lokumba ludinga ukunakekelwa nokubekezela okwengeziwe. Kufanele sibe ne-twist drill bit ene-carbide insert. Ngobuhlakani obuncane, singakwazi ukwenza i-drill yethu ezolingana kahle nenhloso, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izingcezu zokuzibhoboza ezisontekile. Phezulu kwensimbi enesiphambano esiyindilinga kanye nobubanzi be-za1-2 mmencane kunobubanzi bembobo okufanele ibhojwe, ipuleti lensimbi eliqinile kufanele lishiselwe (bheka). Ukubukeka komumo we-drill bit kuboniswe esithombeni no.3. Ukulola ngokwezithombe a) kanye no-b) kunobubi bokuthi ububanzi be-drill bit buyancipha ngemva kokulola ngakunye, kuyilapho ukulola ngokomdwebo c) ububanzi abunciphi ngisho nangemva kokulola kaningana.
Isitatimende somlando sangaphambilini mayelana nokuzishisela ipuleti lensimbi eliqinile endaweni yokubhoboza eyenziwe ngcono akufanele sisetshenziswe. Izinto ezingafanele, ukufakwa, ijometri noma ibhalansi kungase kubangele ukuphuka nokukhishwa kwezingxenye ngesivinini esikhulu; sebenzisa kuphela umshini wokubhoboza ongonakalisiwe, omenyezelwe efekthri ohambisana nethuluzi ne-substrate.
Isithombe3- Ukubuka konke okungokomlando kwe-drill bit kanye ne-blade geometry
Ukubhoboza ngezimbobo ezilula zikagesi kufanele kwenziwe kancane kancane. Njengoba ijubane le-drill liphezulu (1400rpm), ngemuva kokumba kusuka10-15 mfuthi i-drill kufanele ivaliwe, ipholile futhi ivulwe futhi. Okungukuthi, ngenxa yenani eliphezulu lokuguquguquka kwama-drill blades, aguga ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokumba okuqhubekayo, futhi i-drill ishisa kuze kube yilapho i-solder iyancibilika futhi ukufaka insimbi eqinile kungawa. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka kancane kancane, noma ngezikhathi ezithile, ukubhola.
Njengoba le drill “ingathinti”, izingcezu ezincane zamatshe asodongeni lukakhonkolo aziphukanga, ngakho-ke lapho ubhoboza, uzwa umsindo wokugaya lapho i-blade ihlangana nalawa matshe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukubhoboza akufanele kuqhutshekwe, ngoba lokhu kungonakalisa insimbi yokubhoboza kuphela, kodwa amatshe kufanele aphulwe ngekhirner noma ngeshizolo lemitshingo emithathu. Ngemva kwalokhu singaqhubeka nokubhola futhi.
Lolu hlobo lokubhola ngezikhathi ezithile lubonakala luyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa empeleni ludinga ukunakwa kanye nokubekezela.
Isibonelo sokubhola okuthinta ugesi
Ukubhola mathupha
Ezindlini eziningi ungathola i-drill manual (Americaner). Ukusebenza ngaleli drill kuyakhathaza impela. Okungukuthi, ukumba kudinga amandla amakhulu okucindezela futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo udinga ukuguqula i-drill futhi ugcine isiqondiso esifanele sokumba. Yiqiniso, ukubhoboza izimbobo ngazinye kuthatha isikhathi esithe xaxa, kodwa njengoba i-drill ingashisi kakhulu, ingabholwa ngokuqhubekayo. Uma i-drill blade ihlangana netshe, kufanele iphulwe, njengokungathi umshini wokubhoboza kagesi, bese uqhubeka nokubhola.
Azikho izimo ezichaziwe zokubhoboza, i-drill akumele ipholiswe ngamanzi, ngoba insimbi eqinile ingaqhekeka ngenxa yokupholisa kungazelelwe. Ngokufanayo, izinto zokupholisa nezokugcoba akufanele zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokumba, njengoba lokhu kungonakalisa i-blade bit blade kuphela (uthuli lukakhonkolo oluhle oluxutshwe nama-ejenti okupholisa nama-lubricating luzokwenza unamathisele onama-mushy, osebenza ku-blade njengento yokunamathisela isihlabathi).
Ukumba amashizolo
Ukubhoboza ukhonkolo nge-dowel enezikhala ezintathu kuyindlela yesine futhi futhi kuyindlela eshibhile yokumba. Lezi zivivinyo zitholakala ngosayizi abane (4, 6, 8 kanye 10 mm). Ukuma kweshizolo - ukubhoboza kufanele kube okujwayelekile endizeni yodonga, noma ku-engeli engu-95-100 degrees ngokuhlobene nephansi. Ukubhoboza kufanele kwenziwe ngokushaywa kaningi kwesando futhi okwamanje vula itshizolo ngobumnene nangokuqhubekayo (fig. 3). Kufanele sikhiphe uthuli lukakhonkolo ngembobo ngemisele. (Uma sesifinyelele ekujuleni okuthile, uthuli kufanele luqhunyiswe ngezikhathi ezithile ngephampu yebhola). Ububanzi bomgodi obunjwe ngalolu hlobo lwe-drill bit buhlala bukhudlwana kunobubanzi be-drill bit (chisel), futhi ngenxa yalokhu, ama-dowels anobukhulu obufanayo azohlala egubha emgodini, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukufaka ama-dowels enziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa noma izinkuni ezinobubanzi obukhulu.
Isitatimende somlando mayelana nokufuthwa kothuli olukhonkolo akufanele sisetshenziswe. Ungaqhumisi uthuli ekamelweni ngomlomo wakho, umoya ocindezelweyo noma futha; sebenzisa isistimu efanelekile yokukhipha uthuli kanye nesistimu yokumunca ngokuya ngethuluzi nemiyalelo yempahla.
Sesivele sikushilo ukuthi singakwazi ukunamathisela i-dowel ekuvuleni kwesimo somoya ngeglue ekhonkolo. Akufanele kusetshenziselwe le njongo usimende noma i-gypsum, njengoba ingafaneleki.