Chidziwitso chofunikira pazaumoyo ndi chitetezo: Awa ndi mawu osungidwa kuchokera ku 2018. chaka, osati kuwunika kwa khoma la konkire, kuwerengera katundu kapena malangizo odzibowola ndi kutseka. Pamaso pa ntchito, zinthu, chikhalidwe ndi makulidwe a gawo lapansi, malo obisika magetsi, gasi, mapaipi ndi makhazikitsidwe ena, komanso njira yoyenera yomangirira ndi katundu wovomerezeka malinga ndi zolemba za wopanga, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa modalirika. Fumbi lomanga likhoza kukhala ndi silicon yopumira ya crystalline, ndi utoto wakale, pulasitala, zokutira ndi kutchinjiriza ndi zinthu zina zowopsa; kuchotsa fumbi loyenera, diso, kumva ndi chitetezo cha kupuma ndi chiweruzo cha akatswiri zimafunika musanasokoneze zigawo zosadziwika. Ufa ndi zida zina zaukadaulo zomangirira mwachindunji zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu oyenerera malinga ndi malamulo a chida ndi gawo lapansi. Zinthu zolemera, zolendewera, zosunthika, zofunika kwambiri pachitetezo komanso zapamwamba ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa ntchito yake.
Kuyika zinthu pakhoma si gawo lazotsatsa zatsopano za Savo Kusić. Zomwe zikuchitika pano ndi mazenera amatabwa, mazenera a matabwa a aluminiyamu, mazenera amwambo ndi zitseko. Pazenera kapena pakhomo, mutha kutumiza pempho la mtengo.
Kumanga misomali ndi mbedza kumakoma
Titha kukhomerera misomali m’makoma a konkire ndi mfuti. Ndizovuta kwambiri kukhomerera misomali m’makoma a njerwa. Nthawi zambiri, kugogoda kumatsagana ndi matope akugwa.
Ngati tikufuna kumangirira misomali yolimba pakhoma, yokhala ndi katundu wambiri, ndiye kuti ma dowels ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi sizothandiza kwambiri, koma dzina lobadwa kale limachokera ku liwu lachijeremani Dübel. Tanthauzo lake loyambirira ndi - choyikapo chamatabwa chomwe chimayikidwa pakhoma ndi pulasitala. Titha kupanga choyika chamtunduwu kuchokera kufiri ngati piramidi yodulidwa, yomwe m’munsi mwake ndi 10 x 10 cm. Ngati tadula choyikapo, chizikidwe pakhoma ndi maziko apansi, lembani malowo ndi pensulo kenaka mutseke khoma mozungulira 10 cm kuti khomo likukulirakulira kulowa mkati. Pambuyo pake, insole iyenera kunyowa bwino, kutsegula kuyenera kutayidwa ndi madzi ndipo pulasitala iyenera kuikidwa mmenemo. Tiyenera kuyika pulasitala pansi ndi m’mbali mwa choyikapo ndikuchiyika potsegula kuti tidzaze pulasitala yokwanira kuzungulira. Pomaliza, khoma liyenera kukonzedwa. Tiyenera kugwira ntchito mwachangu ndi pulasitala, chifukwa imakhazikika nthawi yomweyo. Pokhapokha pulasitalayo ikauma, tikhoza kumangirira zinthuzo ku insole (mkuyu 1).
Chithunzi 1 - Chiwonetsero cha mbiriyakale cha kuyika choyikapo chamatabwa pakhoma
Posachedwapa, insoles zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zoyikapo izi zimapangidwa ndi thermoplastic polyethylene yomwe imafewa chifukwa cha kutentha, kotero kuti zomangira zotenthedwa siziyenera kuyikidwamo.
Utali wa dowel ndi 45 mm, koma ukhoza kufupikitsidwa ngati ungafune podula mapeto ake ndi bowo. Maonekedwe a dowel ndi cylindrical, diameter 6,8 ndi 10 mm. Kunja kumaperekedwa ndi nthiti mpaka pafupifupi magawo atatu mwa atatu a utali wake. Pa nthiti yachiwiri, kuwerengera kuchokera pamwamba, chotsitsimutsa chimayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a zowonjezera ziwiri zazing’ono. Zimalepheretsa kutsetsereka potuluka. Zomangira zamatabwa za 3-5 mm m’mimba mwake zitha kuyikidwa pazoyika izi (pazinthu zopepuka, zomangira zokhala ndi njere zabwinobwino zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito), mkuyu. 2.
Chithunzi 2 - Choyikapo chamatabwa ndi dowel lapulasitiki
Pazoyikapo zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangira, mabowo ofananira ayenera kubowoleredwa pakhoma. Kubowola pakhoma pamanja ndikwabwino kwa izi. Ngati tikufuna kuyika wononga ndi m’mimba mwake yaying’ono (mwachitsanzo.3 mm), ndiye kuti m’mimba mwake ya kubowola iyenera kukhala yaying’ono pang’ono kuposa m’mimba mwake yakunja kwa choyikapo. Za zomangira kuchokera4ndi5 mm, kutalika kwa kubowola kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi m’mimba mwake ya choyikapo. Kubowola khoma ndi chida chamitundu itatu. Imabowoleredwa poimenya ndi nyundo ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuitembenuza pang’onopang’ono ndi dzanja. Tikangobowola dzenje, kuyikako kumayendetsedwa mu dzenje ndi nyundo zopepuka kuti zisawononge khoma. Ndikoyenera kuyika glossy kapena penti penti pa screw kuti atseke dzenje pakhoma, kapena kumapeto kwa kuyikapo.
Kukhomerera misomali pakhoma la konkriti - kubowola kwamphamvu
Pobowola khoma la konkire, timapereka mayankho angapo, kutengera omwe ali ndi zida ndi ndani ali wokonzeka kudzipereka pazifukwa izi.
Eni nyumba omwe ali ndi malingaliro ochulukirapo nthawi zambiri amadaliranso kuti adzakonzanso nyumbayo pambuyo pake. Ngati akusowabe choboolera pamanja m’bokosi lawo, zimalipira kuti apeze chobowola (monga mitundu ya VV-110A1, VV-113A1“lskra”.
Zobowola zokhota za carbide zokha (vide) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola khoma la konkriti, monga kubowola kwabwinobwino kungathe kutha posachedwa.
Pazinthu zolendewera zopepuka ndizokwanira kupeza zobowola zokhala ndi choyikapo cha carbide4-6 mm, ndi zinthu zolemera zam’mimba mwake8-10 mm. Popachika zinthu zolemera kwambiri (pamwambapa100 kg) zobowola zazikulu kuposa14-20 mm, koma ndi bwino kupereka ntchitoyi kwa katswiri.
Madiameter, kuya, ngodya, kuchuluka kwa zomangira ndi katundu zomwe zalembedwa m’mawu a mbiriyakale sizomwe zilili masiku ano. Mphamvu yonyamula imadalira khoma lapadera, chikhalidwe ndi malo a gawo lapansi, mtunda wochokera m’mphepete, mtundu wa katundu ndi dongosolo lenileni lokonzekera; Pazinthu zolemetsa komanso zofunika kwambiri pachitetezo, kuwerengera kwakatswiri ndikuyika molingana ndi zolemba zomwe wopanga ali nazo ndikofunikira.
Malo a mabowo akuyenera kulembedwa ndendende kuti azitha kuwongolera bwino pobowola, pamwamba pa konkriti ayenera kukhwinyata ndi kirner, kapena chisel chamagulu atatu pobowola makoma (kuti nsonga ya kubowola isayende). Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, titha kuyamba kubowola dzenjelo. Utali wotalikirapo wa bowolo uyenera kukhala wabwinobwino ku bwalo la khoma, koma pakunyamula katundu wotetezeka, ndikwabwino ngati dzenjelo lipita pansi pang’ono, kapena ngati litsitsa ngodya ya 95-100° ndi ndege yapansi. Mwanjira imeneyi, ngakhale zitachulukira, choyikapo, potoza kapena mbeza zimapewedwa kuti zisatuluke pakhoma.
Kuzama kwa dzenje kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kulemera kwa chinthu choyenera kupachikidwa. Kwa msomali, pomwe chithunzicho chidzayikidwa, ndikwanira kubowola dzenje lokhala ndi m’mimba mwake 4 mm, kuya kwa 20-25 mm ndikuyika dowel (kuyika) kopangidwa ndi zinthu zopanga kapena matabwa olimba mu dzenje ili. Ngati choyikacho chili chomasuka pang’ono potsegula, tikhoza kumata. Pambuyo poumitsa, gawo la choyikapo lomwe limatuluka pakhoma liyenera kudulidwa kuti likhale losungunuka ndi khoma ndiyeno tikhoza kunyundo mu msomali wa chithunzicho. Pazinthu zolendewera zolendewera, mabowo anayi kapena kuposerapo okhala ndi mainchesi 8-10 mm ayenera kubowoleredwa, chifukwa katunduyo amagawidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zothandizira (zamatabwa, misomali, ndowe). Ndikwabwino kuyika zoyikapo zokhala ndi mainchesi 4, 6, 8 ndi 10 mm, zomwe zitha kugulidwa m’masitolo.
Kubowola ndi magetsi
Ndi kubowola kwamanja kwamagetsi kosavuta, tithanso kubowola mabowo pakhoma la konkire. Koma kubowola kwamtunduwu kumafunikira chisamaliro komanso kuleza mtima kwambiri. Tiyenera kukhala ndi chobowola chopotoka chokhala ndi choyikapo cha carbide. Ndi nzeru pang’ono, titha kupanga bowolo lathu lomwe lingagwirizane ndi cholingacho, m’malo mogwiritsa ntchito zibowola zopindika. Pamwamba pa chitsulo chokhala ndi chozungulira chozungulira ndi m’mimba mwake wa za1-2 mmchocheperako kuposa kukula kwa dzenje lobowola, mbale yachitsulo yolimba iyenera kuwotcherera (onani). Mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a kubowola akuwonetsedwa pachithunzi No.3. Kunola molingana ndi zithunzi a) ndi b) kuli ndi vuto kuti m’mimba mwake mobowolawo umachepa pakathanso kunola, pomwe pakunola molingana ndi sketch c) m’mimba mwake sichepa ngakhale pambuyo pakuwongola kangapo.
Ndemanga ya m’mbuyomu yonena zowotcherera mbale yachitsulo cholimba pobowola bwino sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zinthu zosayenera, kukwanira, geometry kapena kusanja kungayambitse kusweka ndi kutulutsa kwa ziwalo pa liwiro lalikulu; gwiritsani ntchito kubowola kosawonongeka komwe kumanenedwa ndi fakitale komwe kumagwirizana ndi chida ndi gawo lapansi.
*Chithunzi3- Chidule cha mbiri yakale ya drill bit ndi blade geometry *
Kubowola ndi manja osavuta amagetsi kuyenera kuchitika pang’onopang’ono. Popeza liwiro la kubowola ndilokwera (1400rpm), pambuyo pobowola kuchokera10-15 mndipo kubowola kuyenera kuzimitsidwa, kuziziritsidwa ndikuyatsidwanso. Momwemo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma revolutions a zobowola, iwo amatha msanga pobowola mosalekeza, ndipo kubowola kumatentha kwambiri kotero kuti solder imasungunuka ndipo chitsulo cholimba chimatha kugwa. Choncho, m’pofunika pang’onopang’ono, kapena intermittently, kubowola.
Popeza kuti kubowola kumeneku “sikukhudza”, timiyala ting’onoting’ono tomwe timakhala pakhoma la konkire simathyoka, kotero pobowola, mumamva phokoso lakupera pamene tsamba lakumana ndi miyalayi. Zikatero, kubowola sikuyenera kupitirizidwa, chifukwa izi zingangowononga pobowola, koma miyalayo iyenera kuthyoledwa ndi chowotchera kapena chiselo cha zitoliro zitatu. Zitatha izi tikhoza kupitiriza kubowolanso.
Kubowola kwamtunduwu nthawi ndi nthawi kumakhala kovuta, koma kumangofunika kusamaliridwa komanso kuleza mtima.
Chitsanzo cha kubowola kwamagetsi
Kubowola pamanja
M’nyumba zambiri mumatha kupeza choboolera pamanja (Americaner). Kuchita ndi kubowola uku ndikotopetsa. Mwakutero, kubowola kumafuna mphamvu yayikulu yokakamiza ndipo nthawi yomweyo muyenera kutembenuza kubowola ndikusunga njira yoyenera kubowola. Zowona, kubowola mabowo paokha kumatenga nthawi yochulukirapo, koma popeza kubowola sikutentha kwambiri, kumatha kubowola mosalekeza. Ngati bowolo likukumana ndi mwala, liyenera kuthyoledwa, monga pobowola magetsi, ndikupitiriza kubowola.
Panthawi zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa pakubowola, chobowolacho sichiyenera kuzizidwa ndi madzi, chifukwa chitsulo cholimba chimatha kusweka chifukwa cha kuzizira kwadzidzidzi. Momwemonso, zoziziritsa ndi zopaka mafuta siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola, chifukwa izi zitha kungowononga chobowola (fumbi labwino kwambiri la konkriti losakanizidwa ndi zoziziritsa ndi zopaka mafuta limapanga phala la mushy, lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati phala la mchenga).
Kubowola tchizi
Kubowola konkire yokhala ndi malo atatu ndi njira yachinayi komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Zobowola izi zimapezeka m’miyeso inayi (4, 6, 8 ndi 10 mm). Malo a chisel - kubowola kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi ndege ya khoma, kapena pakona ya 95-100 madigiri molingana ndi pansi. Kubowola kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi nyundo nthawi zambiri ndipo pakali pano mutembenuzire tchizi mofatsa komanso mosalekeza (mkuyu 3). Tiyenera kukoka fumbi la konkire kuchokera pachitseko kudzera m’mizere. (Tikangofika pakuya kwina, fumbi liyenera kuphulitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi mpope wa mpira). Kutalika kwa dzenje lobowola ndi mtundu uwu wa kubowola nthawi zonse kumakhala kokulirapo pang’ono kuposa kukula kwa chobowola (chisel), ndipo chifukwa cha izi, ma dowels amtundu womwewo amatha kugwedezeka mu dzenje, ndiye tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa ma dowels opangidwa ndi zinthu zopanga kapena matabwa okhala ndi mainchesi akulu.
Mbiri yakale yokhudza kuwomba fumbi la konkriti sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Osawomba fumbi m’chipinda ndi pakamwa panu, mpweya woponderezedwa kapena mpope; gwiritsani ntchito njira yoyenera yochotsera fumbi ndi kuyamwa molingana ndi chida ndi malangizo a zinthu.
Tanena kale kuti titha kumata dowel mu chotsegulira mpweya ndi guluu konkire. Simenti kapena gypsum sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pachifukwachi, chifukwa palibenso choyenera.