Inqaku elibalulekileyo lezempilo nokhuseleko: Lo ngumbhalo ogciniweyo osuka ku-2018. unyaka, kwaye hayi uvavanyo eludongeni lwekhonkrithi, ukubala okuthwele umthwalo okanye imiyalelo yokuzibhobhoza nokuziqinisa. Ngaphambi komsebenzi, izinto eziphathekayo, imeko kunye nobukhulu be-substrate, indawo yombane ofihliweyo, igesi, i-plumbing kunye nezinye izinto ezifakelwayo, kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo yokuqinisa kunye nomthwalo ovumelekileyo ngokuhambelana namaxwebhu akhoyo omenzi, kufuneka aqinisekiswe ngokuthembekileyo. Uthuli lolwakhiwo lunokuba ne-silicon ephefumlayo ye-crystalline, kunye neepeyinti ezindala, i-plasters, i-coatings kunye ne-insulation kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi; ukukhutshwa kothuli olufanelekileyo, iliso, ukuva kunye nokukhuselwa kokuphefumla kunye nesigwebo sobuchwephesha siyafuneka ngaphambi kokuphazamisa iileya ezingaziwayo. I-powder kunye nezinye izixhobo zobuchwephesha zokuqinisa ngokuthe ngqo zinokusetyenziswa kuphela ngabantu abaqeqeshiweyo ngokwemigaqo yesixhobo esithile kunye ne-substrate. Izinto ezinzima, ezijingayo, eziguquguqukayo, ezibaluleke ngokhuseleko kunye nezinto eziphezulu kufuneka zilinganiswe kwaye zifakwe ngumntu oqeqeshiweyo.
Ukuqhoboshela izinto eludongeni akuyonxalenye yonikezelo olutsha luka-Savo Kusić. Ugxininiso lwangoku ziifestile zamaplanga, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam, iifestile zesiqhelo kunye neengcango. Ngefestile okanye iprojekthi yocango, ungathumela isicelo sesicatshulwa.
Ukuqinisa iinzipho kunye namagwegwe kwiindonga
Singakwazi ukubethelela iinzipho kwiindonga zekhonkrithi kuphela ngompu. Kunzima kakhulu ukubethelela izikhonkwane kwiindonga zezitena ngokunjalo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukunkqonkqoza kukhatshwa ludaka oluwayo.
Ukuba sifuna ukuqinisa izikhonkwane ezomeleleyo eludongeni, kunye nomthamo ophezulu womthwalo, ngoko kufuneka kusetyenziswe iidowels. Oku akulunganga kakhulu, kodwa igama esele lisekhaya livela kwigama lesiJamani elithi Dübel. Intsingiselo yayo yantlandlolo yi-iplanga efakwe eludongeni ngodaka. Sinokwenza olu hlobo lokufaka kwifir kwimilo yephiramidi echetyiweyo, isiseko sayo esisezantsi 10 x 10 cm. Ukuba sinqumle into efakiweyo, kufuneka ibekwe eludongeni ngesiseko esisezantsi, phawula indawo ngepensile kwaye emva koko uvale udonga olujikeleze 10 cm ukwenzela ukuba ukuvuleka kuvuleleke ngaphakathi. Emva koko, i-insole kufuneka ihlanjululwe kakuhle, ukuvula kufuneka kutshizwe ngamanzi kwaye i-plaster ifakwe kuyo. Kufuneka sibeke i-plaster kwisiseko esisezantsi kunye namacala okufaka kwaye sibeke kwindawo yokuvula ukuze sizalise i-plaster eyaneleyo ngeenxa zonke. Ekugqibeleni, udonga kufuneka lulinganiswe. Kufuneka sisebenze ngokukhawuleza nge-plaster, kuba ibeka ngokukhawuleza. Kuphela xa i-plaster yomile ngokupheleleyo, sinokudibanisa izinto kwi-insole (umkhiwane 1)
Umfanekiso 1 — Ukumelwa ngokwembali kofakelo lomthi eludongeni
Kumaxesha akutshanje, ii-insoles ezenziwe ngezinto ezenziweyo zisetyenziswa. Ezi zifakelo zenziwe nge-polyethylene ye-thermoplastic ethambileyo ekushiseni, ngoko ke izikrufu ezifudumeleyo akufanele zibekwe kuzo.
Ubude bedowel ngu 45 mm, kodwa inokwenziwa mfutshane ukuba iyafunwa ngokusika isiphelo ngomngxuma. Ubume bedowel yi-cylindrical, ububanzi 6,8 kunye 10 mm. Umphezulu wangaphandle unikezelwa ngeembambo ukuya kuthi ga kwikota yesithathu yobude bayo. Kwimbambo yesibini, ukubala ukusuka phezulu, i-tensioner ifakwe ngendlela yezandiso ezimbini ezincinci. Ithintela ukutyibilika ngaphandle kokuvula. Izikrufu zokhuni ze-3-5 mm ububanzi zingafakwa kwezi zifakelweyo (kwizinto ezikhaphukhaphu, izikrufu ezinonkozo eziqhelekileyo nazo zingasetyenziswa), umkhiwane. 2.
Umfanekiso 2 — Isifakelo somthi kunye nedowel yeplastiki
Ukufakwa kwezinto ezenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa, imingxuma ehambelanayo kufuneka ifakwe eludongeni. Izandla zokwenziwa eludongeni zilungele oku. Ukuba sifuna ukubeka isikrufu esinobubanzi obuncinci kufakelo (umz.3 mm), ngoko ububanzi be-drill kufuneka bube buncinci kunobubanzi obungaphandle bokufaka. Kuba izikrufu ukusuka4kwaye5 mm, ububanzi be-drill kufuneka bufane nobubanzi bokufaka. I-drill eludongeni sisixhobo esinamacala amathathu. Igrunjwa ngokuyibetha ngehamile kwaye kwangaxeshanye uyijike kancinane ngesandla. Emva kokuba siqhube umngxuma, i-insert iqhutyelwa emngxunyeni ngesando esilula ukuze singonakalisi udonga. Kucetyiswa ukuba ubeke ipali ecwebezelayo okanye epeyintiweyo kwi-screw ukuvala umngxuma eludongeni, okanye ekupheleni kokufaka.
Ukubethelela izikhonkwane eludongeni lwesamente — ukugrumba okunempembelelo
Ukubhoboza udonga lwekhonkrithi, sincoma izisombululo ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kubani na izixhobo kwaye ngubani ozimisele ukuzincama ngenxa yale njongo.
Abanini bezindlu ezinobuqhophololo obukhulu badla ngokuthembela kwinto yokuba baya kuyilungisa le ndawo kamva. Ukuba basaswele u-drill obambe ngesandla kwi-toolkit yabo, kuyahlawuleka ukufumana lowo ubhobhozayo (umz. iindidi ze-VV-110A1, VV-113A1“lskra”.
Kuphela i-carbide-tipped twist drills (vide) isetyenziselwa ukugrumba kudonga lwekhonkrithi, njengoko uqheliso oluqhelekileyo lwe-twist luya kunika ngaphandle kwexesha.
Ukuxhoma izinto ezikhaphukhaphu kwanele ukuba ufumane amasuntswana e-drill nge-diameter yokufaka i-carbide4-6 mm, kunye nezinto ezinzima zomdayamitha8-10 mm. Ngokuxhoma izinto ezinzima kakhulu (ngasentla100 kg) imingxuma emikhulu kune14-20 mm, kodwa kucetyiswa ngakumbi ukuphathisa ingcaphephe lo msebenzi.
Iidamitha, ubunzulu, ii-engile, inani lezibophelelo kunye nemithwalo edweliswe kwesi sicatshulwa sembali ayizonkcukacha ze-ankile zanamhlanje. Umthamo wokuthwala uxhomekeke eludongeni oluthile, imeko kunye nesikhundla se-substrate, umgama ukusuka emaphethelweni, uhlobo lomthwalo kunye nenkqubo yokulungisa ngqo; kwizinto ezinzima kunye nokhuseleko-ezibalulekileyo, ukubalwa kweengcali kunye nofakelo ngokwamaxwebhu akhoyo omenzi ayafuneka.
Izikhundla zemingxuma kufuneka ziphawulwe ngokuthe ngqo kulawulo olungcono lwe-drill bit, umphezulu wekhonkrithi kufuneka uhlanjululwe nge-kirner, okanye i-three-groove chisel yeendonga zokomba (ngoko incam ye-drill bit ayiyi kuhamba). Emva koko, ngomatshini wempembelelo, sinokuqala ukugrumba umngxuma. I-axis ye-longitudinal ye-drill bit kufuneka ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kwindiza yodonga, kodwa ekuthwaleni umthwalo okhuselekileyo, kungcono ukuba umngxuma uya ngaphantsi kancinci, okanye ukuba uhambisa i-angle ye-95-100 ° kunye nendiza yomgangatho. Ngale ndlela, naxa kukho umthwalo omninzi, isifakelo, isikrufu okanye ihuku iyathintelwa ekutyibilikeni ngaphandle kodonga.
Ubunzulu bomngxuma bumiselwa bubunzima bento eza kuxhonywa. Kwisikhonkwane, apho umfanekiso uya kufakwa khona, kwanele ukubhoboza umngxuma kunye nobubanzi be-4 mm, ubunzulu be-20-25 mm kwaye ubeke i-dowel (ukufaka) eyenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa okanye umthi onzima kulo mngxuma. Ukuba into efakiweyo ikhululekile kancinci kwindawo evulekileyo, sinokuyincamathelisa. Emva kokumisa, inxalenye yofakelo ephuma eludongeni kufuneka inqunyulwe ukuze igungxulwe eludongeni kwaye emva koko sinokubethelela isikhonkwane somfanekiso. Ukuxhoma izinto ezinzima, imingxuma emine okanye ngaphezulu enobubanzi be-8-10 mm kufuneka iqhutywe, kuba umthwalo usasazwa ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lezinto ezixhasayo (izikrini zokhuni, izikhonkwane, iigwegwe). Kungcono ukubeka izinto ezifakelwayo ezifakelweyo ezinobubanzi be-4, 6, 8 kunye 10 mm, ezinokuthengwa kwiivenkile.
Ukomba ngombane
Nge-drill elula yombane, singakwazi ukubhoboza imingxuma eludongeni lwekhonkrithi. Kodwa olu hlobo lokugrumba lufuna inkathalo kunye nomonde. Kufuneka sibe ne-twist drill bit kunye ne-carbide insert. Ngobukrelekrele obuncinci, sinokwenza eyethu i-drill bits eyakuthi ilingane injongo kakuhle, endaweni yokusebenzisa amasuntswana e-twist drill. Ngaphezulu kwentsimbi yentsimbi ene-circular cross-section kunye nobubanzi be-za1-2 mmincinci kunobubanzi bomngxuma oza kugrunjwa, ipleyiti yentsimbi eqinileyo kufuneka idityaniswe (jonga). Ukubonakala kobume be-drill bit kuboniswe kumfanekiso wenombolo.3. Ukulola ngokwemifanekiso a) kunye no-b) kunengxaki yokuba i-diameter ye-drill bit iyancipha emva kokulola kwakhona, ngelixa xa ulola ngokomzobo c) i-diameter ayinciphisi nasemva kokulolwa okuninzi.
Ingxelo yangaphambili yembali malunga ne-self-welding ipleyiti yensimbi eqinile kwi-drill ephuculweyo akufanele isetyenziswe. Izinto ezingafanelekanga, ukulungelelaniswa, ijometri okanye ukulinganisela kunokubangela ukuphuka kunye nokukhutshwa kweengxenye ngesivinini esikhulu; sebenzisa kuphela i-drill engonakaliyo, i-bit drill-declared bit ehambelana nesixhobo kunye ne-substrate.
Umfanekiso3-Uphononongo lwembali lwe-drill bit kunye nejiyometri yeblade
Ukugrumba ngezinto zombane ezilula kufuneka zenziwe kancinci kancinci. Kuba isantya se-drill siphezulu (1400rpm), emva kokugrumba ukusuka10-15 mkwaye i-drill kufuneka icinywe, ipholile kwaye ivulwe kwakhona. Okukuthi, ngenxa yenani eliphezulu leenguqu ze-drill blades, ziguga ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokubhoboza okuqhubekayo, kwaye i-drill iyatshisa kangangokuba i-solder iyancibilika kwaye i-hard metal ifaka ifake. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ngokuthe ngcembe, okanye ngokukhawuleza, i-drill.
Ekubeni le drill “ingabambi”, amaqhekezana amancinci eengqalutye akudonga lwekhonkrithi awophukanga, ngoko xa kusetywa, uva isandi sokusila xa iblade idibana nala matye. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukugrumba akufanele kuqhutyelwe phambili, njengoko oku kuya konakalisa indawo yokomba kuphela, kodwa iingqalutye kufuneka ziqhekezwe nge-kirner okanye i-t3-flute chisel. Emva koku singaqhubeka nokugrumba kwakhona.
Olu hlobo lokugrumba ngamaxesha athile luntsokothile kuphela, kodwa enyanisweni lufuna nje uhoyo kunye nomonde.
Umzekelo woqheliso lwempembelelo yombane
Ukomba ngesandla
Kwizindlu ezininzi unokufumana i-drill manual (Americaner). Ukusebenza ngolu qeqesho kuyadinisa. Oko kukuthi, ukugrumba kufuna amandla amakhulu oxinzelelo kwaye kwangaxeshanye kufuneka ujike i-drill kwaye ugcine umkhombandlela ochanekileyo wokugaya. Kuyinyaniso ukuba, ukugrumba imingxuma nganye kuthatha ixesha elingakumbi, kodwa ekubeni i-drill ingatshisi kakhulu, inokugrunjwa ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuba iblade ye-drill idibana nengqalutye, kufuneka yophulwe, njengakwi-drill yombane ye-manual, kwaye uqhubeke nokugrumba.
Nakwenye yeemeko ezichaziweyo zokugaya, i-drill ayifanele ipholiswe ngamanzi, kuba isinyithi esinzima sinokuqhekeka ngenxa yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Ngokunjalo, ii-agent zokupholisa kunye nokuthambisa akufuneki zisetyenziswe ngexesha lokomba, njengoko oku kuya konakalisa kuphela i-blade bit drill (uthuli olucolekileyo lwekhonkrithi oluxutywe nokupholisa kunye ne-lubricating agents kuya kudala intlama ye-mushy, esebenza kwi-blade njengentlabathi yesanti).
Ukugrumba itshizi
Ukwemba ikhonkrithi ene-slot-slot dowel drill yindlela yesine kwaye yeyona ndlela iphantsi yokomba. Olu qheliso lufumaneka ngeesayizi ezine (4, 6, 8 kunye 10 mm). Isikhundla se-chisel - i-drill kufuneka ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kwindiza yodonga, okanye kwi-angle ye-95-100 degrees ngokumalunga nomgangatho. Ukugrunjwa kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuvuthela rhoqo kwehamile kwaye okwangoku jika itshizi ngobunono kwaye ngokuqhubekayo (umkhiwane 3). Kufuneka sikhuphe uthuli lwekhonkrithi kwi-open ngokusebenzisa i-grooves. (Sakuba sifikelele kubunzulu obuthile, uthuli kufuneka luvuthelwe ngamaxesha athile ngempompo yebhola). Ububanzi bomngxuma owenziwe ngolu hlobo lwe-drill bit luhlala likhulu kancinane kunobubanzi be-drill bit (itshizi), kwaye ngenxa yoko, iidoweli ezinobungakanani obufanayo ziya kuhlala zigubha emngxunyeni, ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba kufakwe iidoweli ezenziwe ngezinto ezenziweyo okanye iinkuni ezinobubanzi obukhulu.
Ingxelo yembali malunga nokuvuthelwa kothuli lwekhonkrithi akufunekanga isetyenziswe. Musa ukuvuthela uthuli kwigumbi ngomlomo wakho, umoya ocinezelweyo okanye umpompo; sebenzisa uthuli olufanelekileyo kunye nenkqubo yokufunxa ngokwesixhobo nemiyalelo yemathiriyeli.
Siye sele sikhankanyile ukuba sinokuncamathelisa i-dowel kwindawo yokuvula i-air conditioner ngeglue yekhonkrithi. Isamente okanye igypsum mayisetyenziselwe le njongo, njengoko ingafanelekanga.