Chiziviso chakakosha chehutano nekuchengeteka: Aya ndiwo mavara akachengetwa kubva ku 2018. gore, uye kwete kuongororwa kwemadziro ekongiri, kuverenga kwekutakura mutoro kana mirairo yekuzvirovera uye kusungirira. Pamberi pebasa, zvinhu, mamiriro uye ukobvu hweiyo substrate, nzvimbo yakavanzwa magetsi, gasi, pombi dzemvura uye zvimwe zvigadziriso, pamwe chete neakakodzera sisitimu yekusimbisa uye inotenderwa mutoro zvinoenderana neazvino zvinyorwa zvemugadziri, zvinofanirwa kuve zvakatemerwa. Guruva rekuvaka rinogona kunge riine respirable crystalline silicon, uye pendi yekare, plasters, coatings uye insulation uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine ngozi; kubviswa kweguruva kwakafanira, ziso, kunzwa uye kudzivirirwa kwekufema uye kutonga kwehunyanzvi kunodiwa usati wakanganisa zvidimbu zvisingazivikanwe. Powder uye mamwe maturusi ehunyanzvi ekusimbisa zvakananga anogona kungoshandiswa nevanhu vanokwanisa zvinoenderana nemirairo yechishandiso chaiyo uye substrate. Zvinhu zvinorema, zvinorembera, zvine simba, zvakakosha pakuchengetedza uye pamusoro pezvinhu zvinofanirwa kukwidziridzwa uye kuiswa nenyanzvi ine hunyanzvi.
Kuisa zvinhu kumadziro hachisi chikamu chetsva yeruzhinji yeSavo Kusić. Parizvino pari kutariswa mahwindo emapuranga, mahwindo emapuranga-aluminium, mahwindo etsika uye magonhi. Kune hwindo kana chirongwa chemusuwo, unogona kutumira chikumbiro chemutengo.
Kusunga zvipikiri nezvikorekedzo kumadziro
Tinokwanisa kurovera zvipikiri mumadziro ekongiri chete ne pfuti. Zvakanyanya kuoma kurovera zvipikiri mumadziro ezvidhina zvakare. Kazhinji, kugogodza kunoperekedzwa nedhaka rinodonha.
Kana isu tichida kusungirira zvipikiri zvakasimba mumadziro, nehukuru hwekuremerwa, ipapo dowels dzinofanira kushandiswa. Izvi hazvisi nyore, asi zita rakatorerwa rinobva pashoko rechiGerman Dübel. Chirevo chayo chepakutanga ndechekuti - danda rekuisa rinoiswa mumadziro nepurasita. Tinogona kugadzira rudzi urwu rwekuisa kubva kufir muchimiro chepiramidhi rakachekwa, iro pasi paro 10 x 10 cm. Kana isu takacheka chinopinza, chinofanira kuiswa pamadziro nechigadziko chepasi, nyora nzvimbo yacho nepenzura uye wobva wavhara madziro akatenderedza 10 cm kuitira kuti kuvhura kuwedzere kune mukati. Mushure meizvi, iyo insole inofanira kunge yakanyatsonyoroveswa, kuvhura kunofanira kusaswa nemvura uye plaster inofanira kuiswa mairi. Isu tinofanirwa kuisa purasita pachigadziko chepasi uye pamativi ekuisa uye toiisa paburiro kuitira kuti tizadze purasita yakakwana kumativi ayo. Pakupedzisira, rusvingo runofanira kuenzaniswa. Tinofanira kushanda nekukurumidza nepurasita, nokuti inogadzirisa pakarepo. Chete kana iyo plaster yakaoma zvachose, tinogona kubatanidza zvinhu kune insole (fig. 1).
Mufananidzo 1 - Nhoroondo inomiririra yekuiswa kwemuti wemuti mumadziro
Mumazuva achangopfuura, insoles dzakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvekugadzira dzinoshandiswa. Izvi zvinoiswa zvinogadzirwa ne thermoplastic polyethylene inopfava kubva pakupisa, saka zvikumbiro zvinopisa hazvifanirwe kuiswa mazviri.
Kureba kwedowel ndi 45 mm, asi inogona kupfupikiswa kana uchida ne kudimbura magumo neburi. Chimiro chedowel ndeye cylindrical, dhayamita 6,8 uye 10 mm. Kunze kwekunze kunopihwa mbabvu kusvika kumatatu ehurefu hwayo. Pambabvu yechipiri, kuverenga kubva kumusoro, tensioner inoiswa muchimiro chezvinyorwa zviviri zviduku. Inodzivirira kutsvedza kunze kwekuvhura. Mapuranga ehuni e 3-5 mm dhayamita anogona kuiswa mune izvi zvekuisa (pazvinhu zvakareruka, screws ane zviyo zvakajairika anogona zvakare kushandiswa), fig. 2.
Mufananidzo 2 - Kuiswa kwemapuranga uye dowel repurasitiki
Nokuda kwekuisa kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, maburi anoenderana anofanira kudonhedzwa mumadziro. Madhiri anobatwa nemaoko akanakira izvi. Kana isu tichida kuisa sikururu ine dhayamita diki mune yekuisa (semuenzaniso.3 mm), ipapo dhayamita ye drill inofanira kuva shoma shoma kudarika dhayamita yekunze yekupinza. For screws kubva4uye5 mm, iyo dhayamita ye drill inofanira kunge yakafanana nehupamhi hwekuisa. Chibooreso chemadziro chishandiso chine maburi matatu. Inoboorwa nokuirova nesando uye panguva imwe chete ichiitenderedza zvishoma nezvishoma noruoko. Kana tangoboora gomba, inopinza inofambiswa mugomba nemhepo yakapfava yesando kuitira kuti isakuvadza madziro. Zvinokurudzirwa kuisa glossy kana pendi pendi pane screw kuvhara gomba pamadziro, kana kupera kwekuisa.
Kurovera zvipikiri mumadziro ekongiri - kukanganisa kudhiraivha
Pakuchera madziro ekongiri, tinokurudzira akati wandei mhinduro, zvichienderana nekuti ndiani ane maturusi uye ndiani anoda kuzvipira nekuda kwechinangwa ichi.
Varidzi vepafurati nekunyepedzera kukuru vanowanzo vimba nenyaya yekuti vanozogadzirisa nzvimbo yefurati gare gare. Kana vachiri kushaya chibooreso chemagetsi chinobatwa nemaoko mubhokisi ravo rekushandisa, zvinobhadhara kuti vawane chinoboora (semuenzaniso mhando VV-110A1, VV-113A1“lskra”.
Chete carbide-tipped twist drills (vide) ndiyo inoshandiswa kucheresa mudhuri rekongiri, seyakajairika twist drill yaizobuda pasina nguva.
Pazvinhu zvakarembera zvinokwana kuwana zvibooro zvine dhayamita yecarbide4-6 mm, uye zvinhu zvinorema8-10 mm. Zvekuturika zvinhu zvinorema kwazvo (pamusoro100 kg) maburi mahombe kupfuura14-20 mm, asi zvinokurudzirwa kupa basa iri kune nyanzvi.
Madhayamita, kudzika, makona, nhamba yezvisungo uye mitoro yakanyorwa muzvinyorwa zvenhoroondo iyi handizvo zvinobatika zvanhasi. Kutakura simba kunoenderana nemadziro chaiwo, mamiriro uye nzvimbo ye substrate, chinhambwe kubva kumicheto, rudzi rwemutoro uye chaiyo yekugadzirisa system; kune zvinorema uye kuchengetedzwa-zvakakosha zvinhu, kuverengera nyanzvi uye kuisa zvinoenderana neazvino zvinyorwa zvemugadziri zvinodiwa.
Nzvimbo dzemakomba dzinofanirwa kucherechedzwa chaizvo kuti zvidzore zvirinani zvechibooreso, pamusoro pekongiri inofanira kuomeswa ne kirner, kana matatu-groove chisel yekuboora madziro (saka muromo wechibhorani usafambe). Zvadaro, nemaitiro ekugadzirisa, tinogona kutanga kuchera gomba. Iyo longitudinal axis ye drill bit inofanira kunge yakajairika kune ndege yemadziro, asi kune yakachengeteka kutakura mutoro, zviri nani kana gomba richidzika zvishoma pasi, kana rikadzikisa kona ye 95-100° nendege yepasi. Nenzira iyi, kunyangwe pakaremerwa, chinopinza, sikuruu kana chirauro chinodzivirirwa kubva pakutsvedza kunze kwemadziro.
Kudzika kwegomba kunotariswa nehuremu hwechinhu chichaturikwa. Nokuda kwembambo, iyo mufananidzo uchaiswa, zvakakwana kuchera gomba rine dhayamita ye 4 mm, yakadzika ye 20-25 mm uye kuisa dowel (insert) yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakagadzirwa kana matanda akaoma mugomba iri. Kana chinoiswa chikati regerere zvishoma pakuvhura, tinogona kunamira. Mushure mekuomeswa, chikamu chekupinza chinobuda pamadziro chinofanira kugurwa kuitira kuti chitsvedze nemadziro uye isu tinogona kurovera mbambo yemufananidzo. Pakurembera zvinhu zvinorema, maburi mana kana anopfuura ane dhayamita ye 8-10 mm inofanira kudonhedzwa, nokuti mutoro unogoverwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinotsigira (mapuranga, mbambo, zvikorekedzo). Zvakanakisisa kuisa zvinhu zvekugadzira zvine dhayamita ye 4, 6, 8 uye 10 mm, inogona kutengwa muzvitoro.
Kuboora nechibhorani chemagetsi
Nekubooresa kwemagetsi kuri nyore, tinokwanisawo kuboora maburi mumadziro ekongiri. Asi kuchera uku kunoda kungwarira uye kushivirira. Tinofanira kunge tine twist drill bit ine carbide insert. Nehungwaru hushoma, tinokwanisa kugadzira dhiri redu pachedu rinoenderana nechinangwa, pachinzvimbo chekushandisa zvibooreso zvakajairika. Pamusoro pechidimbu chesimbi ine denderedzwa muchinjikwa-chikamu uye dhayamita ye za1-2 mmdiki kudarika dhayamita yegomba rinofanira kucheneswa, ndiro yakaoma yesimbi inofanira kuiswa welded (ona). Kuonekwa kwechimiro cheiyo drill bit inoratidzwa mumufananidzo no.3. Kurodza zvinoenderana nemifananidzo a) uye b) ine dhizaini yekuti dhayamita yechibooreso chinodzikira mushure mekurodzwa kwega kwega, nepo pakurodza zvinoenderana nemufananidzo c) dhayamita haidzike kunyangwe mushure mekurodzwa kwakati wandei.
Chirevo chekare chekare pamusoro pekuzvishongedza simbi yakaoma yesimbi kune yakagadziridzwa drill haifanirwe kuiswa. Zvinhu zvisina kunaka, kukwana, geometry kana chiyero chinogona kukonzera kuputsika uye ejection yezvikamu nekumhanya kukuru; shandisa chete isina kukuvara, fekitori-yakaziviswa drill bit inoenderana nechishandiso uye substrate.
*Mufananidzo3-Kutarisisa kwenhoroondo kweiyo drill bit uye blade geometry *
Kuboorwa nemagetsi kuri nyore kunofanira kuitwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Sezvo kumhanya kwechibhorani kwakakwira (1400rpm), mushure mekuchera kubva10-15 muye chibooreso chinofanira kudzimwa, kutonhodzwa uye kuvhurwa zvakare. Zvichireva, nekuda kwenhamba yakawanda yekuchinja kwezviboorero, inopera nekukurumidza panguva yekuramba ichichera, uye chibooreso chinopisa kusvika pamwero wekuti solder inonyungudika uye simbi yakaoma inopinza inogona kudonha. Nokudaro, zvinodikanwa zvishoma nezvishoma, kana kuti zvishoma nezvishoma, drill.
Sezvo chibooreso ichi “chisingaite”, tumatombo tudiki turi mumadziro ekongiri hatyoke, saka pakuboora, unonzwa ruzha rwekuya kana blade yasangana nematombo aya. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kuchera hakufaniri kuenderera mberi, sezvo izvi zvingangoparadza chibooreso, asi hurungudo dzinofanira kuputswa nechokupisa kana kuti nyere nhatu. Mushure meizvi tinogona kuenderera mberi nekuchera zvakare.
Idzi rudzi rwekuchera nguva nenguva kunenge kwakaoma, asi kutaura zvazviri kunongoda kutariswa uye kushivirira.
Muenzaniso wekudhirowa kwemagetsi
Kuchera nemaoko
Mudzimba zhinji unogona kuwana chibooreso chemaoko (Americaner). Kushanda nechibhorani ichi kunonetesa. Sezvineiwo, kuchera kunoda simba rakakura rekumanikidza uye panguva imwe chete iwe unofanirwa kushandura chibooreso uye chengetedza iyo chaiyo yekuchera nzira. Ichokwadi, kuchera maburi ega ega kunotora nguva yakati rebei, asi sezvo chibooreso chacho chisingadzise zvakanyanya, chinogona kuramba chichiboorwa. Kana chibooreso chikasangana nehurungudo, chinofanira kuputswa, sechibooreso chemagetsi, woenderera mberi nekuchera.
Mune imwe yenyaya dzakatsanangurwa dzekuchera, chibooreso hachifanirwe kunyoroveswa nemvura, nekuti simbi yakaoma inogona kuputika nekuda kwekutonhora kamwe kamwe. Saizvozvowo, kutonhora nemafuta ekuzora hazvifanirwe kushandiswa panguva yekuchera, sezvo izvi zvinongokanganisa bhiti rekuchera (yakanaka kongiri huru yakasanganiswa neinotonhodza nemafuta ekuzora inogadzira mushy paste, inoshanda pablade sejecha).
Kuboora chisel
Kuboora kongiri ine matatu-slot dowel drill ndiyo yechina uye zvakare yakachipa yakachipa nzira yekuchera. Madhiri aya anowanikwa mumasaizi mana (4, 6, 8 uye 10 mm). Nzvimbo yechisel - drill inofanira kunge yakajairika kune ndege yemadziro, kana pakona ye 95-100 madhigirii maererano nepasi. Kuchera kunofanira kuitwa nekurova kazhinji kwesando uye panguva ino shandura chisel zvinyoro uye nguva dzose (fig. 3). Tinofanira kukwevera guruva rekrete kubva pakuvhura kuburikidza nema grooves. (Kana tasvika pahumwe hudzamu, guruva rinofanira kupeperetswa nguva nenguva nepombi yebhora). Iyo dhayamita yegomba rakaboorwa nerudzi urwu rwechibooreso chinogara chakakura zvishoma pane dhayamita yechibhorani (chisel), uye nekuda kweizvi, madhoiri ehukuru hwakafanana anogara achizununguka mugomba, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuisa madhoweri akagadzirwa nechinhu chakagadzirwa kana huni ane dhayamita yakakura.
Chirevo chenhoroondo nezve kufuridza huruva yekongiri haifanirwe kushandiswa. Usafuridzira guruva mukamuri nemuromo wako, mweya wakamanikidzwa kana pombi; shandisa yakafanira guruva rekubvisa uye yekukweva system zvinoenderana nechishandiso uye zvinhu mirairo.
Tatotaura kuti tinokwanisa kunama dowel mumhepo yekuvhura yekuvhura nekongiri glue. Simende kana gypsum hazvifanirwe kushandiswa kuita izvi, sezvo zvisina kukodzera.