Kubatanidzwa kwehuni kunosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekufambisa kumanikidza, kukakavara uye lateral pesvedzero pakati pezvinhu zvemapuranga. Majoini akadzvinyirirwa uye akatsikirirwa, mapulagi, notchi, garter, majoini akanamirwa uye maplate epfundo anoratidzwa muzvinyorwa.
1. Connection yakadzvanywa
Kana chiso chechimwe chinhu chiri kutarisana nechiso chechimwe chinhu, uye kana gungano rakachengetedzwa pakatarisana nekufamba kwemashure, kana kuti chiso chechimwe chinhu chakabatana nechinhu chakareba, zvakakwana kuisa wedges kudzivirira kufamba kwemashure pane chikamu chechikamu, kana kubatanidza leeches kubva kunze. Kana mapulagi madiki akashandiswa, maburi maanopinda anofanira kubviswa kubva kune akatsikirirwa (fig. 1 uye 2). Naizvozvo, mbiru dzakasimukira dzezvivakwa zvelatisi - kunyanya kana dzakatetepa kupfuura mabhandi - nzvimbo yadzo yakazara inonyudzwa mubhandi neanenge 2 cm uye yakachengetedzwa nekuvanza chidimbu chehuni nechikamu chetriangular (fig. 3).
*Mifananidzo 1–3. Akatsikirirwa akabatanidzwa ehuni.
Kana iyo inotenderwa yekumanikidza perpendicular kune fiber yakapfuudzwa, zvidimbu zvehuni dzakaoma kana simbi C-profiles inoiswa (fig.4) Saizvozvowo, kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yakatsikirirwa yemakoramu ega ega inogona kuwanikwa nekuisa tsoka (fig.5) Mumuonde.6kubatanidzwa kweiyo vertical nezvikamu zvemuchato zvakakwana zvinoratidzwa, kuenderera mberi kunowanikwa pamusoro payo. Kuti uwane imwe kuomarara kwekubatanidza, T-shaped simbi mitsetse inofanira kuiswa. Kana mbiru dzemapuranga akatenderera kana akatendeuka achienderera mberi, uye mujoini yavo mune zvinonetsa nekuda kwekukotama kana kumonyoroka, zvinodikanwa kutora kushushikana uku nematanda kana simbi garters akaiswa parutivi, uchishandisa zvipikiri kana screws.
*Mifananidzo4-6. Inosimudzira uye kuenderera mberi kweakadzvanywa zvinongedzo.
Zvinowanzova nyore kuvhara musangano ne tubular sleeve. Kuti udzivise mafiibhi kuti asadzvanyirirane pane zvakaumbwa, usati wadyara chikamu chepamusoro chembiru, mutsetse we semi-unyoro, wakanyatsogadzirwa cement mortar. Kana zvinhu zvikawedzera zvakachinjika kana kusangana pakona, zvinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa pakufamba nemaleeches kana mitsetse yesimbi yakatsetseka, uye nekumonyoroka nematanda akachekwa emakona (fig.8uye9) Kuti vabatanidze vanorara pa scaffolding, matama maviri emapuranga, akasungirirwa nemakumbo, anoshandiswa. Rudzi urwu rwekuvaka runogona kugarisa nguva dzekukotama (Fig.10) Prav, i.e. oblique sheet rinoshandiswa kana kuumbwa kuchitsigirwa, uye hapana nzvimbo yakakwana yekuti maelementi ega ega atsigirwe (e.g. cornice yekubatanidza pamusoro pezvisungo zvemba) (fig.11uye12) Kuti ukwanise kufambisa mauto akakwira, ma spacers dzimwe nguva anoiswa pakati penzvimbo dzekusangana.
*Mifananidzo 7–11. Zvikamu, garters uye mashizha.
2. Cep
Iyo plug inoshanda chete kuchengetedza nzvimbo yakabatana yezvinhu zviviri zvehuni. Panguva yegungano, anofanira kubata zvinhu panzvimbo yazvo. Mumuonde. 13 inoratidza kubatanidzwa kwe verticals uye diagonals ine kaviri scaffolding wreaths. Pasi pescrew musoro nenzungu, mashims ehukuru 8/8 kusvika 10/10 cm uye ukobvu 8-10 mm anoiswa. Iyo screws inofanirwa kusimbiswa kusvika simba radzo rekusimba mumutsipa rashandiswa kumusoro, kuitira kuendesa hukuru hukuru hwekupokana kune nzvimbo dzekusangana dzezvinhu, nekuda kwekuita kwekumanikidza kwakasimba. Nenzira iyi, node dzakaomarara dzinogadzirwa.
Mifananidzo 12–15. Mashizha, maplugs nehorn connections.
Kana mapuranga edenga asingaregi pamutsetse, kusungirirwa kwawo kunoitwa neforogo kana plug ine slot yakazara (fig. 14). Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mapulagi anoratidzwa nekukotama perpendicular kune yavo nzira, semuenzaniso. sepulagi iri pakati pamichinjikwa yezvivakwa zve mezzanine (fig. 15). Madziro akatenderedza groove anofanira kusiiwa aine ukobvu hwakakodzera kuti adzivise kuputika kwehuni.
3. Chikamu
Iyo notch inoshanda kuita hukama hwakasimba hunogona kutora kudzvanywa kwetsvimbo dzinosangana diagonally. Chivakwawo zvacho chinomiririrwa ne mberi notch, ine muviri a-b idanda rekona yekunze, ukuwo kona bac ichiwanzova hombe pane 90o (fig. 16). Nenzira iyi, iyo yakanyanya kunaka voltage mamiriro eiyo bevel uye chikumbaridzo inowanikwa. Zvakakoshera a:
a ≤ 50o, kudzika kwechinyorwa t = 0,25h
a ≥ 60o, kudzika kwechinyorwa t = 0,17h
Pakati pemakona 50o uye 60o kududzirwa kwemutsara kunoitwa. Kana a iri pasi pe 50o, kushandiswa kwechikamu chetsvimbo kuchava nani kana double notch ikashandiswa (Fig. 17). Kusavimba nenzira iyi yekubatanidza kunoruramiswa, sezvo chokwadi chinodiwa mukuvaka chisingawanzo kuwanikwa.
Mufananidzo 16. Frontal notch geometry.
Kuveura kudzvanya pamusoro a-e yehuni yemuconiferous haifanire kudarika 900 kPa. Hurefu hudiki hwepamusoro pepamusoro hunofanirwa kunge huri 15 cm. Kana kureba kwacho kuchigumira, cheka pakati, kureva kuti, kuchekwa kwemashure kunoshandiswa. Pamusana pekutendeuka kwematanda, kuputika kwepanzvimbo uye nzira yehuni shrinkage, zvinogona kuitika kuti simba rinoparidzirwa chete kumberi kwekucheka uye chibatanidza chinovhura kumashure; mhedzisiro ndeye eccentric loading yehelix. Izvi zvinoitika kusvika padiki pakubatana nenotch iri pakati, iyo inoita senge mubatanidzwa uye kana uchitenderedza tsvimbo haibatanidzi kusikwa kweiyo hombe eccentricity. Pakuchekwa kwemusana, pane njodzi yekuti zino rikatyoka (kunyanya kana pakatsemuka nekuda kwehuni hwehuni) zvekuti bevel rinotsvedza.
Mifananidzo 17–20. Variants of notches and slanted plugs.
Kuti udzivise kucheka kwakadzika, kusimbiswa kwemativi uye kuiswa kunowedzerwa (fig. 19). Uyezve, mukuwedzera kune notch, chikamu chesimba chinoparidzirwa kuburikidza nemagarters akarovererwa kumativi ose maviri; nenzira iyi, node inowana imwe rigidity maererano ne lateral masimba. Kuchekwa katatu hakukurudzirwe, sezvo yunifomu uye panguva imwe chete kutapurirana kwesimba pamusoro penzvimbo nhatu dzemberi hazvibatanidzwe.
4. Slanted plug
Kuenzaniswa necheki, iyo inclined plug (Fig. 20) ine mukana wekuti kubatana kunoratidza kuoma kukuru kunopesana nemaitiro ekupedzisira. Kune rumwe rutivi, kuvakwa kunorema, kuderedzwa kupikisa uye kuwedzera kukanganisa, kunyanya pamakona makuru ekubatanidza, hazviratidzi kuti kushandiswa kwavo kunokurudzirwa.
5. Kubatana kwakasimba
Garters yakagadzirwa nematanda kana simbi inoshandiswa kuvhara magumo akazaruka kune tension; iyo yekupedzisira inonyanya kudhura, asi nekuda kwechitarisiko chavo chiri nani uye kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kana paine masimba makuru, ivo vanonyanya kukodzera. Mumuonde. 21 inoratidza kubatanidzwa kwetsvimbo ine tensioned kaviri, yakagadzirwa nematanda matatu garters uye brain mumajoini.
*Mufananidzo 21. Chisungo chakasimba nemagarata emapuranga nenjere.
Magidhi esimbi akasungirirwa: chete neakaverengerwa screws, dowels ane screws (fig. 22), madhoweri ane riveted kana welded kune simbi girders, kana huni screws. Imwe neimwe yehuni yekubatanidza chinhu inodonhedzwa zvakasiyana zvichienderana neinofanana template. Iko kurongeka kwemanyorero kuchera hakuna kukwana.
*Mifananidzo 22–23. Magaro esimbi nematayi ane makumbo akatenuka.
Mabrace akajairika haagone kushandiswa pakugadzira zvakanamirwa. Apa ndipo panopinda diagonal lap yekubatanidza mumutsara wekutanga. Pazvinhu zvinofanirwa kubatanidzwa, reshiyo pakati pehurefu hwebevel nehurefu hunotambanudzwa nebevel hunofanirwa kunge huri 1:5 kusvika 1:8. Uyezve, zvinodikanwa kutora zvidiki zvidiki sezvinobvira kuti zvikamu zvezvinhu zvibatanidzwe.
*Mufananidzo 24. Wedge bevels emapuranga zvinhu.
Mufananidzo 23 unoratidza magungano maviri ekutanga akagadzirwa aine kuchinjika. Kumanikidzwa kunodiwa gluing kunogadzirwa ne screws. Kubatanidza ne wedge bevels kunoshandiswawo (kusangana kumeso, fig. 24).
Mufananidzo 25 unoratidza kuwirirana pakati pekaviri diagonal bar uyewo bhandi kaviri (zvinhu zviri mundege imwechete) ine lateral reinforcements uye kuisa. Nokuda kwekubatana pakati pezvikamu zvekuwedzera uye bhanhire (mutoro oblique kune fibers) nhamba huru yebhanhire inodiwa kupfuura yekubatanidza pakati pavo uye diagonal. Kuti huropi hukwane, hupamhi hwezvidimbu zvakawedzerwa hunofanira kuva hukuru kudarika hupamhi hwetsvimbo yekuzadza. Kuzadza matanda ezvivakwa zvehuni zvinowanzobatanidzwa zvakananga kune magidhi.
6. Kucheka
*Mifananidzo 25–26. Diagonal stick connection uye kutemwa kwebhandi.
Tight tsvimbo (kazhinji kaviri) kana yakachekwa nebhandi, inosungwa zvakananga. Tsvimbo hadzina kucherechedzwa zvekuti dzinoendesa mauto adzo vertically kana diagonally (nenotching) kune bhandi. (fig. 26). Iyo yakazara tension tsvimbo inogonawo kuiswa munzvimbo iri pakati pebhanhire mbiri. Kucheka sekubatana kwakananga pakati pezvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa chete munyaya yesimba duku, iro mabheji anonyanya kuwandisa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvemaitiro. Chenjerai kuti zvimiti zvive zvakapinza.
7. Kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvine nodal plates
Kana matanda akawanda akasangana pane imwe node, kana kana mabhanhire echigadziro chelatisi akaputika zvakanyanya, mahwendefa e node anoshandiswa mukutevedzera mapeji emanodhi ezvigadzirwa zvesimbi; maererano nehupfumi, havawanzokurudzirwa. Steel knot plates anoshandiswa nemagidhi esimbi e circular cross-section, ukobvu 20 mm, kureba 80 mm, kune akaremerwa mabhiriji emabhiriji mahombe ane spans hombe uye yakaderera maumbirwo akareba, ayo anowanzo kukotama kusvika pamwero mukuru pasi pesimba rekuomeswa kwehuni kunofambira mberi. Plywood joint plates dzinowanzo shandiswa.
Kuwedzera kune zvakabatanidzwa zvehuni zvinhu zvakanyorwa pano, kune zvakare nhamba huru yekubatanidza inongogadzirwa nemaoko nevezi; kufukidzira, kukodzera, “karma” nezvimwe. Nezvibatanidza “sangano” izvi, pane tsika yekugamuchira, kana zvichibvira, masimba emakakatanwa kuitira kuti zvinhu zvisafambe nepakati. Kana zvibatanidza zvakadaro zvichisimbiswa nekuverenga, zvinoonekwa kuti masimba, anogona kugamuchirwa munyaya yakanakisisa, ane mwero zvikuru. Kubatanidzwa kwevevezi, uko kunowanzogadzirwa nekuchenjerera uye kunoda hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, hakuchakodzeri muzviitiko zvakawanda nhasi.