Likamano tsa lehong li kenyelletsa mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho fetisa khatello, tsitsipano le tšusumetso e ka thōko pakeng tsa likarolo tsa lehong. Linonyello tse hatelitsoeng le tse tsitsitsoeng, li-plug, li-notch, li-garter, manonyeletso a khomaretsoeng le li-knot plates li bontšitsoe mongolong.
1. Khokelo e hatisitsoe
Haeba sefahleho sa ntho e le ‘ngoe se kopane le sefahleho sa ntho e’ ngoe, ‘me haeba kopano e sirelelitsoe khahlanong le motsamao oa lateral, kapa haeba sefahleho sa ntho e le’ ngoe se kopane le karolo ea longitudinal, ho lekane ho kenya li-wedges ho thibela ho sisinyeha ka mahlakoreng holim’a likarolo, kapa ho kopanya leeches ho tsoa ka ntle. Haeba li-plug tse nyane li sebelisoa, likoti tseo li kenang ho tsona li lokela ho tlosoa libakeng tse hatelitsoeng (feiga. 1 le 2). Ka hona, litšiea tse otlolohileng tsa meaho ea lithapo - haholo-holo haeba li le tšesaane ho feta mabanta - bokaholimo ba tsona bo felletseng bo tebisitsoe ka har’a lebanta ka hoo e ka bang 2 cm ’me bo sirelelitsoe ka ho pata lehong le nang le karolo ea kgutlotharo (feiga. 3).
Litšoantšo 1–3. Lihokelo tse hatelitsoeng tsa likarolo tsa lehong.
Haeba khatello e lumelletsoeng ea perpendicular ho likhoele e fetisitsoe, likotoana tsa lehong le thata kapa li-C-profiles li kenngoa (sa feiga.4). Ka mokhoa o ts’oanang, ho atolosoa ha sebaka se hatelitsoeng sa litšiea ka bomong ho ka finyelloa ka ho kenya maoto (sa feiga.5). Ka feiga.6ho bontšoa ho hokahanngoa ha tse otlolohileng ka likarolo tse feletseng tsa lenyalo, ho tsoela pele ho teng ka holim’a eona. E le hore u finyelle ho tiea ho itseng ha khokahanyo, lihlopha tsa tšepe tse nang le sebopeho sa T li tlameha ho behoa. Haeba litšiea tsa mapolanka a pota-potileng kapa a fetotsoeng a ntse a tsoela pele, ’me lenonyeletsong la bona ho na le likhatello ka lebaka la ho kobeha kapa ho sotha, hoa hlokahala ho amohela likhatello tsena ka li-garters tsa lehong kapa tsa tšepe tse behiloeng ka thōko, ho sebelisa lipekere kapa li-screws.
Litšoantšo4-6. Matlafatso le tsoelopele ea lihokelo tse hatelitsoeng.
Hangata ho loketse ho koahela kopano ka sleeve ea tubular. E le ho thibela likhoele hore li se ke tsa hatellana holim’a sebopeho, pele u lema karolo e ka holimo ea kholomo, lera la semi-mongobo, le kopantsoeng hantle samente seretse. Haeba lielemente li atoloha ka mokhoa o tšekaletseng kapa li kopana ka lehlakoreng, li lokela ho ts’oaroa khahlano le motsamao oa li-leeches kapa likhoele tsa tšepe e sephara, le khahlano le ho sotha ka likutu tse sehiloeng (sa feiga.8le9). Ho hokahanya batho ba robalang holim’a scaffolding, marama a mabeli a lehong, a tlamiloe ka li-screws, a sebelisoa. Mofuta ona oa moaho o ka amohela nako ea ho kobeha (Feie.10). Prav, ke hore oblique sheet e sebelisoa ha sebopeho se tšehetsoa, ’me ha ho na sebaka se lekaneng sa likarolo tsa motho ka mong ho tšehetsoa (mohlala, khokahanyo ea cornice ka holim’a maqhama a marulelo) (sa feiga.11le12). E le hore e khone ho fetisetsa matla a phahameng a tsitsipano, ka linako tse ling li-spacers li behoa pakeng tsa libaka tsa ho kopana.
*Litšoantšo 7–11. Likarolo, garters le maqephe.
2. Cep
Plug e sebetsa feela ho tiisa boemo ba mahlakore a mabeli a lehong. Nakong ea kopano, o tlameha ho tšoara lielemente sebakeng sa tsona. Ka feiga. 13 e bonts’a khokahano ea tse otlolohileng le li-diagonal tse nang le meqhaka e habeli ea scaffolding. Ka tlas’a hlooho ea screw le nate, li-shims tsa boholo ba 8/8 ho 10/10 cm le botenya 8-10 mm li behiloe. Li-screws li lokela ho tiisoa ho fihlela matla a tsona a tsitsitseng molaleng a sebelisoa holimo, e le ho fetisetsa matla a maholo ka ho fetisisa a khohlano libakeng tsa ho kopana tsa likarolo, ka lebaka la phello ea khatello e matla. Ka tsela ena, li-node tse thata li etsoa.
Litšoantšo 12–15. Lishiti, li-plug le lihokelo tsa horn.
Haeba marako a marulelo a sa lule holim’a mokokotlo, ho tlama ha bona ho etsoa ka fereko kapa plug e nang le slot e feletseng (feiga. 14). Maemong a mang, li-plug li pepesehetse ho kobeha ka tsela e lumellanang le tataiso ea tsona, mohlala. e le plug bohareng holim’a maballo a marang-rang a mehaho ea mezzanine (feiga. 15). Mabota a pota-potileng groove a tlameha ho siuoa ka botenya bo loketseng ho qoba ho phatloha ha patsi.
3. Karolo
Notch e sebeletsa ho etsa khokahanyo e matla e ka nkang khatello ea lithupa tse kopanang ka diagonally. Kaho e tloaelehileng e emeloa ke ka pele notch, eo ’mele oa eona a-b e leng palo ea sekhutlo se ka ntle, ha angle bac hangata e le kholo ho feta 90o (fig. 16). Ka tsela ena, maemo a matle ka ho fetisisa a motlakase bakeng sa bevel le monyako a fihlelleha. Boleng ba a:
a ≤ 50o, botebo ba notch t = 0,25h
a ≥ 60o, botebo ba notch t = 0,17h
Pakeng tsa li-angles 50o le 60o ho etsoa tlhaloso ea mola. Haeba a e le ka tlase ho 50o, tšebeliso ea karolo ea rod e tla ba molemo haeba ho sebelisoa double notch (Fig. 17). Ho se tšepe mokhoa ona oa ho hokahanya hoa utloahala, kaha ho nepahala ho hlokahalang ha ho finyelloe hangata.
Setšoantšo 16. Geometry ea notch e ka pele.
Likhatello tsa ho kuta ka holim’a metsi a-e bakeng sa patsi ea coniferous ha ea lokela ho feta 900 kPa. Bonyane bolelele ba karolo e ka pele e lokela ho ba 15 cm. Haeba bolelele bo lekanyelitsoe, ho sebelisoa cut in the middle, ke hore, rear cut e sebelisoa. Ka lebaka la ho fetoha ha lithupa, ho senya sebaka le ts’ebetso ea ho fokotseha ha lehong, ho ka etsahala hore matla a fetisetsoe feela ka pele ho sehiloeng ’me lenonyeletso le bulehe ka morao; sephetho ke ho kenya eccentric ea helix. Sena se etsahala ho isa tekanyong e nyane mabapi le khokahano e nang le notch bohareng, e sebetsang hoo e ka bang joalo ka lenonyello mme ha ho phethoa molamu ha e kenyelle ho theoa hoa eccentricity e kholo. Bakeng sa ho khaola mokokotlo, ho na le kotsi ea hore leino le tla robeha (haholo-holo tabeng ea ho petsoha ka lebaka la ho honyela ha lehong) e le hore bevel e thelle.
*Litšoantšo 17–20. Mefuta e fapaneng ea li-notch le li-plug tse sekametseng.
E le ho qoba ho khaola ho tebileng haholo, ho matlafatsa mahlakoreng le ho kenngoa ho kenngoa (feiga. 19). Hape, ho phaella ho notch, karolo ea matla e fetisoa ka li-garters tse khokhothetsoeng ka mahlakoreng ka bobeli; ka tsela ena, node e fumana ho tiea ho itseng ho latela matla a lateral. Ho seha hararo ha ho khothalletsoe, kaha ho fetisoa ha matla ka mokhoa o ts’oanang le ka nako e le ’ngoe holim’a libaka tse tharo tse ka pele ha ho kenyelletsoe.
4. Plaka e tšelelitsoeng
Ha ho bapisoa le notch, plug e sekametseng (Fig. 20) e na le molemo oa hore ho hokahanya ho bonts’a ho tiea ho hoholo khahlanong le tšusumetso ea lateral. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, kaho e boima, ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa le ho eketseha ha deformability, haholo-holo ka li-angles tse kholo tsa khokahanyo, ha li bontše hore tšebeliso ea tsona e khothalletsoa.
5. Khokelo e tiileng
Li-garters tse entsoeng ka lehong kapa tsa tšepe li sebelisoa ho koahela lipheletsong tse pepesehetseng tsitsipano; tsa morao-rao hangata li theko e boima, empa ka lebaka la ponahalo ea tsona e ntle le polokeho e eketsehileng tabeng ea matla a maholo, li loketse haholoanyane. Ka feiga. 21 e bonts’a khokahanyo ea thupa e nang le tsitsipano e habeli, e entsoeng ka li-garters tse tharo tsa mapolanka le boko ba manonyeletso.
*Setšoantšo 21. Kamano e tiileng le li-garters tsa lehong le kelello.
Li-braces tsa tšepe li khomaretsoe: feela ka li-screw tse baloang, tse nang le li-screw (sa feiga.22), boko bo kopantsoeng le li-garters tsa tšepe tse nang le li-rivets kapa welding, kapa ka li-screws tsa lehong. Ntho e ‘ngoe le e’ ngoe ea lehong ea ho hokahanya e phunngoa ka thoko ho ea ka template e lumellanang. Ho nepahala ha ho cheka ka letsoho ha hoa lekana.
*Litšoantšo 22–23. Lithako tsa tšepe le maqhama a nang le serope se sekametseng.
Litšepe tse tloaelehileng li ke ke tsa sebelisoa bakeng sa meaho e khomaretsoeng. Mona ke moo likhokahano tsa diagonal lap li kenang moleng oa pele. Ho likarolo tse lokelang ho hokahana, karo-karolelano lipakeng tsa bophahamo ba bevel le bolelele boo bevel e atolohang e lokela ho ba bonyane 1:5 ho 1:8. Ho feta moo, hoa hlokahala ho amohela litekanyo tse nyane kamoo ho ka khonehang hore likarolo tsa likarolo li kopane.
*Setšoantšo 24. Li-bevel tse entsoeng ka lehong.
Setšoantšo 23 se bonts’a likopano tse peli tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o tšekaletseng. Khatello e hlokahalang bakeng sa gluing e entsoe ka li-screws. Likhokahano tse nang le li-wedge bevels li boetse li sebelisoa (likamano tsa sefahleho, feiga. 24).
Setšoantšo 25 se bonts’a kamano pakeng tsa bar e habeli ea diagonal hape le lebanta le habeli (lintho tse robalang lifofaneng tse tšoanang) tse nang le li-lateral reinforcements le ho kenya. Bakeng sa ho hokahanya pakeng tsa likarolo tse eketsehileng le lebanta (moroalo oblique ho likhoele) ho hlokahala palo e kholo ea li-braces ho feta ho hokahanya pakeng tsa bona le diagonal. E le hore boko bo lumellane, bophara ba likotoana tse ekelitsoeng bo tlameha ho ba bo boholo ho feta bophara ba molamu oa ho tlatsa. Melamu ea ho tlatsa ea mehaho ea lepolanka hangata e khomaretsoe ka ho toba ho li-girders.
6. Ho seha
*Litšoantšo 25–26. Khokahano ea thupa ea diagonal le ho khaola lebanta.
Lithupa tse thata (haholo-holo tse peli) ha li khaola ka lebanta, li tlameletsoe ka ho toba. Lithupa li notched hoo li fetisetsang matla a tsona ka holimo kapa ka diagonally (ka ho notlella) lebanta. (sa feiga. 26). Molamu o tletseng tsitsipano o ka boela oa kenngoa sebakeng se pakeng tsa lebanta le habeli. Ho khaola e le kamano e tobileng pakeng tsa likarolo ho ka sebelisoa feela tabeng ea matla a manyenyane, ao mekoallo e atisang ho feta ka lebaka la mabaka a moralo. Hlokomela hore lithutsoana li be le mahlakore a nchocho.
7. Khokahano ea likarolo tse nang le li-nodal plate
Haeba lithupa tse ’maloa li kopana le node, kapa haeba mabanta a mohaho oa lesela a robeha haholo, lipoleiti tsa node li sebelisoa ho etsisa lipampiri tsa node tsa mehaho ea tšepe; mabapi le moruo, ha ba khothalletsoe kamehla. Lipoleiti tsa tšepe tsa tšepe li sebelisoa ka li-girders tsa li-circular cross-section, botenya 20 mm, bolelele 80 mm, bakeng sa marokho a boima haholo a marokho a maholo a nang le liphahlo tse kholo le bophahamo bo tlaase ba sebopeho, a atisang ho kobeha ho isa tekanyong e kholo tlas’a tšusumetso ea ho omisa lehong ho tsoelang pele. Hangata ho sebelisoa lipoleiti tse kopantsoeng tsa plywood.
Ho phaella ho likhokahano tsa likarolo tsa lepolanka tse thathamisitsoeng mona, ho boetse ho na le palo e kholo ea likhokahano tse entsoeng ka matsoho feela ke baetsi ba mapolanka; lesira, ho loketse, “karma” joalo-joalo Ka likhokahano tsena tsa “mokhatlo”, ho na le tšekamelo ea ho amohela, haeba ho khonahala, matla a tsitsipano e le ho qoba likarolo tse tsamaeang. Haeba likhokahano tse joalo li netefatsoa ka lipalo, ho bonoa hore matla, a ka amoheloang tabeng e ntle ka ho fetisisa, a inyenyefatsa haholo. Lihokelo tsa ho betla mapolanka, tseo hangata li entsoeng ka hloko haholo ’me li hloka boqhetseke bo phahameng, ha li sa tšoanela maemong a mangata kajeno.