Zvigadzirwa zvekuveza uye zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuve zvine hutsanana, kunaka uye kugadzikana kana uchizvishandisa; anogona kupatsanurwa kuita furemu, ndiro uye furemu-ndiro, ine rectilinear uye curvilinear chimiro.
Maitiro ehuni paunenge uchichinja tembiricha nehunyoro
Pasi pesimba rekushisa uye hunyoro, huni hunogona kuchinja hukuru hwayo mukati memiganhu yakakura. Saka, semuenzaniso, kana ukaomesa kubva pamuganhu we hygroscopicity (unyoro) kusvika kune yakaoma zvachose, zvichienderana nemhando, huni hunochinja hukuru hwayo pamwe chete nefibers.0,1ku0,3%, mu radial direction ye3ku6%uye munzira tangential ye6ku10%.
Saka, mukati megore, hunyoro hwekunze beech magonhi hunochinja kubva10ku26%. Izvi zvinoreva kuti puranga rimwe nerimwe riri pamukova iwoyo, iro rakafara100 mm, kana yanyorova, inowedzera mipimo yayo5,8 mmuye inoderera nechiyero chimwe kana ichioma. Muchiitiko ichi, kuputika kunoonekwa pakati pemapuranga.
Izvi zvinogona kudziviswa kana zvigadzirwa zvekuveza zvakavakwa nenzira yekuti shanduko isingadzivisiki yezvikamu zvega zvechigadzirwa inoitwa zvakasununguka, pasina kukanganisa chimiro uye simba. Saka, semuenzaniso, kana uchigadzira gonhi rine furemu, furemu iyi, inopinzwa mumigero ye friezes yakatwasuka yefuremu, inofanira kuva nemukaha we.2ku3 mm, asi kuitira kuti, kana yaoma zvachose, haisati yabuda mugomba (fig1)
Mufananidzo1: Muchinjiko-chikamu chegonhi nekuisa
Zvigadzirwa zvekuveza zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa neakatetepa akakura kana akanamirwa slats (mapuranga emasuo emapuranga, mapuranga ekuveza, nezvimwewo).
Rodha nzira uye kubatana kwezvinhu
Zvivakwa zvekuveza hazvitambudzike kubva kune yakakwirira static kana dynamic stress panguva yekushandiswa kwavo. Uye zvakadaro, pakugadzira zvigadzirwa izvi, chenjerera inofanira kutorwa kuti kutungamira kwekunetseka kunopindirana nekutungamira kwehuni fibers, kana zvishoma kutsauka kubva pairi. Kana zvisina kudaro, simba rezvinhu zvinogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Zvinhu zvezvigadzirwa zvekuvezera zvakanangidzirwa kune chimwe nechimwe pachishandiswa mapulagi nemanotch — madhoiri, pachishandiswa glue, sikuruu, tepi yesimbi nezvipikiri.
Cap uye mortise
Kazhinji, zvinhu zvakabatana uchishandisa mapulagi uye notches. Kusimba kwekubatana kwezvinhu kune plug uye notch kunoenderana nekunyorova kwezvinhu uye kurongeka kweplug uye notch.
Zvizhinji zvekuveza zvinhu zvakabatanidzwa nepuragi yakapfava kana mbiri ine chimiro chakati sandara kana chakatenderera. Zvisinei, pakugadzira magonhi, mapeji akakomberedzwa anoshandiswa zvakanyanya - madhoweri ekubatanidza zvinhu zvakamira uye zvakadzikama, mapuranga emasuo nekuisa, nezvimwewo. Izvi zvinobatanidza hazvideredze simba rechigadzirwa, uye zvinopa 17% kuchengetedza kwehuni zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira.
Paunenge uchigadzira magonhi, fenicha yekamuri yakavakirwa, makabhini ekusimudza, zvichingodaro kumberi kwemapuranga nemabhiriji anonamirwa papuragi kaviri, nepuragi nechinoti uye nepuragi nechinoti chine zino. Muzviitiko izvi, mapuranga uye slats zvakabatanidzwa nefurati kana mapuranga akatenderera uye notches kana akaiswa emapuranga wedges (mifananidzo 2, 3 uye 4).
Mufananidzo2: Glued veneered door elements
Mufananidzo3: Plank yekubatanidza ruzivo
Mufananidzo4: Kubatanidzwa kweakamira uye akatwasuka emusuwo ane akaiswa akatenderedza mapegi
Zviyero zveplug uye zvinhu
Kuti chigadzirwa chive chakasimba uye chive nekusimba kwakakwana, panofanira kunge kune humwe hukama pakati pezviyero zvepulagi uye zvinhu. Iyo inotevera dimensional ratios inokurudzirwa:
- hupamhi hwemoyo hunofanira kuenzana nehafu yehupamhi hwechinhu icho groove iri;
- kureba kweplug kunofanirwa kuenzana nehupamhi hwese hwedanda kana bhodhi kubvisa mapendekete ekubatanidza;
- kukora kweplug chaiyo kunogadzirwa kubva1/3ku1/7, uye ukobvu hweplug mbiri kubva1/3ku2/9element thickness;
- saizi yepfudzi ye1/3ku2/7kune yekutanga plug uye kubva1/5ku1/6Ukobvu hwechinhu cheplug mbiri;
- hupamhi hwechinoti chepureji mbiri inofanira kuenzana nehupamhi hwepuragi pachayo.
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekubatanidza. Zvinonyanya kukosha kwavari zvinopiwa mumufananidzo5.
*Mufananidzo5: Mhando dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza kuveza *
Gluing mahwendefa, rurimi uye groove
Mukuita, mapuranga anonyanya kubatanidzwa neglue pamativi ekubatana, parurimi uye groove neuropi. Kana majoist akabatanidzwa pahupamhi neglue, mativi ekubatanidza ejoists anofanirwa kudhonzwa zvakanaka, nekukasira kuunganidzwa mumaplate uye kusungirirwa mune clamp ine wedges. Glued mapuranga anofanira kurongwa kumativi ose maviri-sided planer, kuitira kubvisa kusaenzana kwakagadzirwa panguva yegluing.
Rurimi uye groove zvinogona kuita rectangular, triangular, semi-circular, oval kana njiva. Iyi nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira mapuranga emasuo, parquet, yakatwasuka uye yakatwasuka zvinhu zvemagonhi kubva kumarara pamashini akasarudzika - otomatiki kujoinha michina uye inoda kudyiwa kukuru kwehuni, uye nekudaro inofanira kushandiswa chete kana yanyanya kudiwa.
Kubatana ne chipboard kunoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kweparquet pasi. Uropi hwakagadzirwa nemuti munyoro.
Screws, zvisungo zvesimbi uye madhoiri emapuranga
Mahwindo nemasuo zvinhu, yakavakirwa-mukati fenicha yemumba, makabati ekusimudza, nezvimwe zvakasungirirwa ne screws. Usati watendeuka, zvidzitiro zvinofanira kuzora ne stearin, graphite yakanyungudutswa mumafuta emiriwo, girizi uye nezvimwe.
Munzvimbo iyo screws ichauya, maburi anofanirwa kucherwa, kudzika kwaro kunenge kwakaenzana nekaviri kudzika kweshinda. Kana, kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kubatanidza zvinhu zviviri zvehupamhi hukuru, ipapo gomba rakaenzana nehupamhi hwe screw inodonhedzwa.
Kubatanidza uchishandisa iron fasteners (Fig6) haawanzo shandiswa mukuita, asi anogona kushandiswa pakubatanidza zvinhu zvakamira neakatwasuka, pakuzadza magonhi nemagonhi nekuzadza.
*Mufananidzo6: Kubatanidza uchishandisa iron fasteners *
Zvisungo uchishandisa zvipikiri hazvishandiswe kubatanidza zvinhu zvekuveza. Wooden wedges anoshandiswa mukugadzira mahwindo, magonhi uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekuvakisa zvekuveza, zvino zvekuwedzera kusungirirwa kwezvinhu panzvimbo yekubatana kwavo uye kudzivirira deformation yeakasiyana mafuremu panguva yekushandiswa kwavo.
Gluing uye kusangana kwezvivakwa
Chimiro chechimiro chekubatanidza kuveza uchishandisa mapulagi ndechekuti anogona kuitwa chete nekushandiswa kweglue. Izvi zvinongedzo hazvifanirwe kuitwa pasina gluing. Zvinhu zvakanamirwa pamwechete zvinofanirwa kuramba zvakatsiga mu clamp zvishoma6maawa pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva2ku12 kg/cm².
Zvinhu zvakakura zvezvigadzirwa zvekuveza zvinogona kuunganidzwa nekunamira zvidiki kubva kune rumwe rudzi rwehuni, pamwe nekubatanidza mhando dzemhando uye huniwo zvadzo. Zvakamira uye zvakachinjika zvemahwindo, magonhi, mabhokisi uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinogona kugadzirwa neglue coniferous huni, yakafukidzwa nemapuranga emuoki.8-10 mm(mufananidzo7) Zviri nani kunama zvinhu uye kuzvivhara nehuni uchishandisa phenol-formaldehyde adhesives akagadzikana mumvura.
*Mufananidzo7: Mahwindo akanamirwa uye zvinhu zvegonhi, zvakafukidzwa nematanda akaomarara *
Kuunganidza furemu uye mapaneru ekuvaka anoitwa uchishandisa mechanic, hydraulic kana pneumatic clamps.
Tsika yakagadzirwa mahwindo nemagonhi
Kuti uwane mhedziso yemhinduro dzemazuva ano, ona yedu mahwindo emapuranga, wood-aluminium Mahwindo uye gonhi kana kutumira chikumbiro chekotesheni