Imishini yokwenza isihlabathi isetshenziselwa ukucubungula izindawo eziyisicaba kanye nemininingwane ngamajika — amapuleti, amafreyimu, ama-veneers nezinto ezifanayo — ukuze kutholwe ukushelela okudingekayo.
Zihlukaniswe ngebhande, idiski, inhlanganisela, isilinda kanye nemishini yokugaya iphrofayili.
Izinsalela zamabhande
Izigayi zamabhande zisetshenziselwa izinto eziyisicaba, eziyindilinga nezigobile kanye nemikhiqizo emincane. Ahlukaniswe ngemishini yokugaya evundlile, eqondile nephrofayili.
Isithombe1: Umshini woku-ayina onophawu lwetafula elihambisekayo Š1PS.
Izigayi ezivundlile zihlukaniswa ngemishini enetafula elivundlile eligxilile neligudlukayo. Ama-grinder anetafula elinganyakazi asetshenziselwa ukugaya izinto ezincane, kanye nama-grinder anetafula eligudlukayo lezinto ezinkulu, amaphaneli, izicabha, ukugcwaliswa, i-veneer nokunye.
Ama-sander amabhande amile asetshenziselwa ukugaya amakhona ezinto, amakhreyithi, ama-elementi ayindilinga nokunye.
Izigayi zephrofayela zisetshenziselwa ukugaya ama-elementi amancane anezindawo ezigobile. Lolu hlobo lokugaya alusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezokwakha.
Embhalweni, i-sander yebhande enethebula elisusekayo lomkhiqizo othi Š1 PS ishiwo njengelisetshenziswa kakhulu (isithombe 1). Ingasetshenziselwa ukugaya izakhi, amapuleti nemikhiqizo eyisicaba yobude 1.900 mm, ububanzi 800 mm kanye nogqinsi 500 mm.
| Izici zobuchwepheshe Š1 PS | Inani |
|---|---|
| Ububanzi bebhande lesihlabathi | 150 mm |
| Ubukhulu bethebula leselula | 800 × 2.000 mm |
| Ubude bokushaywa kwethebula | 1.300 mm |
| Ukushaywa kwetafula okuqondile | 500 mm |
| Amandla emoto kagesi | 3,4 kW |
| Inombolo yama-revolutions of the motor motor | 1.500 rpm |
| Isisindo somshini | 1.050 kg |
Idiski nezigayi ezihlanganisiwe
Izigayi zamadiski zingaba namapuleti okugaya amabili abekwe ame mpo noma kube nepuleti lokugaya elilodwa elivundlile.
Isithombe 2: Ibhrendi yomshini wokugaya ipuleti elihlanganisiwe Š1 DB.
I-Disc sander enepuleti elilodwa isetshenziselwa ukwenza isihlabathi se-angular kanye nokufaka isihlabathi imikhiqizo emincane enezindawo ezincane. Izigayi zamadiski ezinamapuleti amabili zisetshenziswa kancane.
Ngokugaya okuyisicaba, okufakwe iphrofayili nezinto ezinendawo egobile, kusetshenziswa izigayi ezihlanganisiwe nezigayi zephrofayili. Olunye uhlobo lwezigayi ezihlanganisiwe wuhlobo lwe-Š1 DB plate-roller (isithombe 2), esiqukethe ipuleti eliqondile kanye nerola.
Indwangu yesihlabathi idonselwa epuleti lomshini kanye nesilinda (bobbin). Ipuleti kanye ne-roller kugxilwe emigodini yemoto kagesi. Ngokusebenzisa indlela ekhethekile ye-eccentric, irola ihambisa ngokuhambisana ku-shaft, emuva naphambili, nge-amplitude engu-0 iye ku-40 mm. Epuleti eliqondile, itafula libekwe izakhi noma imikhiqizo emincane edinga ukufakwa isihlabathi; ithebula lingabekwa nge-engeli kupuleti lokugaya.
| Isici sobuchwepheshe Š1 DB | Inani |
|---|---|
| Ububanzi bepuleti | 800 mm |
| Ububanzi be-roller | 90 mm |
| Ubude bokusebenza berola | 210 mm |
| Ubude obuphelele | 240 mm |
| Inombolo yama-oscillations we-roller | 140 ngeminithi |
| Tshekisa i-engeli yetafula epuletini | 15° phezulu futhi 45° phansi |
| Tshekisa i-engeli yetafula kurola | 15° phezulu futhi 30° phansi |
| Amandla emoto kagesi werola | 1,6 kW ku-3.000 rpm |
| Amandla enjini kagesi yepuleti | 2,8 kW kokuthi 750 rpm |
| Isisindo somshini | 900 kg |
Iphrofayili nama-cylindrical grinders
Izigayi zephrofayela zisetshenziselwa ukugaya izakhi ezinephrofayili. Ziqukethe i-spindle enekhanda elisebenzayo lapho ukufakwa ngendwangu ye-sanding kugxilwe eduze komjikelezo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukufakwa kunamathela ngokunwebeka kwendwangu ye-sanding kuphrofayili yesici.
Ama-cylindrical grinders ahlukaniswe abe yi-single-cylinder, ama-cylinder amabili, ama-cylinder amathathu kanye ne-six-cylinder, ngokushintshwa kwe-manual kanye nemishini. Ukunyakaza okwenziwa mathupha kwenziwa kuzigayi ezinesilinda esisodwa, ezivame ukusetshenziselwa izinto ezinendawo egobile, njengamaphrofayili anama-arched.
Ama-multi-cylinder grinders ane-mechanical displacement asetshenziselwa ukugaya amabhodi, ama-veneers namafreyimu. Ukunyakaza kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-roller noma ibhande le-rubber conveyor. Ukugudluzwa kusetshenziswa i-roller kusetshenziswa lapho kusandiswa ama-sanding veneers, futhi kugudluzwa ngebhande lokuhambisa lapho kusanding panel, iminyango namafreyimu.
Amasilinda emishini yokugaya amashubhu ensimbi anezesekeli zokulinganisa nokuqinisa indwangu yesihlabathi. Zingaba ziphelele noma zisikwe. Indwangu yesihlabathi ilinyazwa kuwo wonke isilinda ku-spiral futhi igxilwe ngaphambili kwesilinda ngethuluzi elikhethekile lokuqinisa. Kumasilinda asikiwe, indwangu yesanding iboshelwe esikhaleni esihambisana nesilinda.
Amasilinda aphelele afaneleka ukuqinisa indwangu ye-sanding futhi kulula ukulinganisa. Angatholakala ngenhla noma ngaphansi kwe-elementi ephansi, lapho indawo ephezulu icashunwe njengevumayo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokunyakaza okujikelezayo, amasilinda nawo ahamba ngokuhambisana ne-eksisi yawo, cishe.100wokushaywa kabili ngomzuzu lapho uhamba usuka10 mm. Isilinda singaqalwa ngebhande lokudlulisa noma izinjini zikagesi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Ama-Sanders anendawo engaphezulu noma engezansi kuphela yesilinda adinga ukuthi izakhi zidluliswe kabili ngesikhathi sokuhlabathi esinezinhlangothi ezimbili. Izigayi ezinamasilinda ayisithupha anezikhundla zamasilinda aphezulu naphansi zigaya izinhlangothi zombili zesici ngephasi eyodwa.
Isithombe3: Uhlelo lwe-Kinematic lomshini wokugaya wamasilinda amathathu Š1ZC.
Umbhalo ukhuluma ngomshini wokugaya onamasilinda amathathu onokuphakelwa kwebhande Š1I-ZC (isib3), okuhloselwe ukugaya ngobuningi bezinto eziyisicaba zamafreyimu namapuleti kuze kufike1.300 mmkanye nobude obuncane200 mm.
| Izici zobuchwepheshe Š1ZC | Inani |
|---|---|
| I-Displacement mechanism, amadigri amane | 4,6,8futhi12 m/min |
| Ububanzi besilinda | 280 mm |
| Inombolo yokuguquguquka kwesilinda | 1.500rpm |
| Inombolo ye-axial oscillations yesilinda | iso100ngomzuzu |
| Inombolo yezinjini zikagesi | 6 |
| Amandla | 27,8kW |
| Isisindo somshini | 6.500 kg |
Indwangu yokusandeni nosayizi wegrit
Indwangu esanding, ehlanganisa iphepha noma indwangu kakotini okunamathiselwe kuyo izinhlamvu ezicijile zezinto eziqinile, isebenza njenge-abrasive. Izindwangu zokugaya ezinohlamvu lwengilazi, i-flint, i-quartz, i-corundum ne-electrocorundum zibalwe. Ngokuya kokuqinile kokusanhlamvu, izindwangu zesanding zihlukaniswa ngezinombolo.
Ithebula langempela libala izinombolo zendwangu yokuhlanganisa eyake yakhiqizwa e-USSR:
| Izinombolo zendwangu yokusandeni | Osayizi bokusanhlamvu ngobubanzi, mm | Izinombolo zendwangu yokusandeni | Osayizi bokusanhlamvu ngobubanzi, mm | Izinombolo zendwangu yokusandeni | Usayizi wokusanhlamvu ngobubanzi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | 1,68 | 80 | 0,177 | 325 | 0,030 |
| 16 | 1,19 | 100 | 0,149 | M-28 | 0,028 |
| 20 | 0,84 | 120 | 0,126 | M-20 | 0,020 |
| 24 | 0,71 | 140 | 0,105 | M-14 | 0,014 |
| 36 | 0,50 | 170 | 0,088 | M-10 | 0,010 |
| 46 | 0,35 | 200 | 0,074 | ||
| 60 | 0,25 | 280 | 0,063 |
Ngokwento okuxhunywe ngayo okusanhlamvu ku-substrate, izindwangu ze-sanding zenziwa ukuze kufakwe isihlabathi esomile nesimanzi. Impahla yokubopha esetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwesihlabathi esomile iyazwakala, kanye nezinamatheliso zokwenziwa zokuthungatha isihlabathi esimanzi. Izindwangu zokusandeni ezinezinto zokwenziwa ezingangeni emanzini zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ivanishi ye-nitrocellulose ngokunamathisela noma ezinye izinto zokuhlanganisa.
Izindlela zokusebenza zemishini yokugaya
| Izinkomba zemodi | Iyunithi yokulinganisa | Imishini | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanjiraste | Rails | Amathrekhi anedivayisi ecindezelayo | Isilinda esisodwa | Amasilinda amathathu anokususwa ngomshini | ||
| Isivinini sokugaya | m/isekhondi | 15-20 | 12-20 | 12-20 | 15-23 | 23,5 |
| Ingcindezi ethile | kg/cm2 | 0,6-0,7 | 0,3-0,5 | 0,6 | 0,4 | 0,4 |
| Isivinini sokuphakelayo | m/min | – | – | – | – | 4-12 |