Makina opangira mchenga amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza malo athyathyathya ndi tsatanetsatane wokhala ndi ma curve - mbale, mafelemu, ma veneers ndi zinthu zofananira - kuti apeze kusalala kofunikira.

Agawidwa kukhala lamba, disk, kuphatikiza, cylindrical ndi makina akupera mbiri.

Belt sanders

Zopukusira malamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zathyathyathya, zozungulira komanso zopindika ndi zinthu zazing’ono. Amagawidwa m’makina opingasa, ofukula komanso ogaya mbiri.

Makina akusita omwe ali ndi tebulo losunthika Š1PS

Chithunzi1: Makina akusita omwe ali ndi tebulo losunthika Š1PS.

Ogaya opingasa amagawidwa kukhala makina okhala ndi tebulo lokhazikika komanso losunthika. Zogaya zokhala ndi tebulo loyima zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popera tinthu ting’onoting’ono, ndipo chogayira chokhala ndi tebulo losunthika lazinthu zazikulu, mapanelo, zitseko, zodzaza, zophimba ndi zina zambiri.

Ma sander oima pama lamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito popera ngodya za zinthu, mabokosi, zinthu zozungulira ndi zina zambiri.

Ogaya mbiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popera tinthu tating’ono tokhala ndi malo opindika. Chopukusira chamtunduwu sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yomanga.

M’mawuwa, sander ya lamba yokhala ndi tebulo losunthika la mtundu Š1 PS imatchulidwa kuti ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri (chithunzi 1). Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogaya zinthu, mbale ndi zinthu zathyathyathya zazitali 1.900 mm, m’lifupi 800 mm ndi makulidwe 500 mm.

Makhalidwe aukadaulo Š1 PS Mtengo
Mchenga lamba m’lifupi 150 mm
Makulidwe a foni yam’manja 800 × 2.000 mm
Kutalika kwa tebulo 1.300 mm
Kugunda kolunjika kwa tebulo 500 mm
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi 3,4 kW
Chiwerengero cha kusintha kwa mota yamagetsi 1.500 rpm
Kulemera kwa makina 1.050 kg

Diski ndi zopukutira zophatikizira

Zogaya zimbale zimatha kukhala ndi mbale ziwiri zogawira zoyima molunjika kapena mbale imodzi yogaya yoyikidwa yopingasa.

Sh1 DB chopukusira mbale

Chithunzi 2: Chopukusira mbale chophatikizika Š1 DB.

Diski sander yokhala ndi mbale imodzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mchenga wamakona komanso popanga mchenga ndi tinthu tating’onoting’ono. Zopulira ma disc zokhala ndi mbale ziwiri sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi.

Popera mphesa, zokhala ndi mbiri komanso zinthu zopindika, zopukutira zophatikizika ndi zokutira mbiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtundu umodzi wa zopukusira zophatikizika ndi Š1 DB plate-roller type (chithunzi 2), yomwe imakhala ndi mbale yoyima ndi chogudubuza.

Nsalu ya mchenga imakokedwa pa makina a makina ndi silinda (bobbin). Mbale ndi roller zimakhazikika pazitsulo zamagetsi amagetsi. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ozungulira, chogudubuza chimasuntha mofanana ndi shaft, mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo, ndi matalikidwe a 0 mpaka 40 mm. Pa mbale yowongoka, tebulo limayikidwa pazinthu kapena zinthu zazing’ono zomwe zimafunikira mchenga; tebulo likhozanso kuikidwa pakona ku mbale yopera.

Katswiri waukadaulo Š1 DB Mtengo
M’mimba mwake 800 mm
Diameter ya roller 90 mm
Kutalika kwa wodzigudubuza 210 mm
Utali wonse 240 mm
Chiwerengero cha oscillations wa wodzigudubuza 140 pamphindi
Kupendekeka kwa tebulo pa mbale 15° mmwamba ndi 45° pansi
Yendani mbali ya tebulo pa chogudubuza 15° mmwamba ndi 30° pansi
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi 1,6 kW pa 3.000 rpm
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya mbale 2,8 kW pa 750 rpm
Kulemera kwa makina 900 kg

Mbiri ndi ma cylindrical grinders

Zopukusira mbiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogaya zinthu zomwe zili ndi mbiri. Amakhala ndi spindle yokhala ndi mutu wogwira ntchito pomwe zoyikapo ndi nsalu za mchenga zimakhazikika mozungulira. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, zoyikazo zimamatira nsalu ya mchenga ku mbiri ya chinthucho.

Ma cylindrical grinders amagawidwa kukhala-silinda imodzi, ma silinda awiri, atatu-silinda ndi silinda sikisi, ndi kusamuka kwamanja ndi makina. Kusuntha kwapamanja kumachitidwa pa zopukusira za silinda imodzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopindika, monga ma arched profiles.

Multi-cylinder grinders ndi makina osamuka amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogaya matabwa, ma veneers ndi mafelemu. Kusunthaku kungatheke pogwiritsa ntchito chodzigudubuza kapena lamba wonyamula mphira. Kusamuka pogwiritsa ntchito chodzigudubuza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mchenga, ndikusuntha ndi lamba woyendetsa pamene sanding mapanelo, zitseko ndi mafelemu.

Masilinda a makina opangira mchenga ndi machubu achitsulo okhala ndi zida zofananira ndi kumangirira nsalu za mchenga. Atha kukhala athunthu kapena odulidwa. Nsalu ya mchenga imadulidwa pa silinda yonse mozungulira ndikukhazikika kutsogolo kwa silinda ndi chida chapadera chomangirira. Pa masilinda odulidwa, nsalu yochitira mchenga imangiriridwa mu kagawo ka silinda.

Masilinda athunthu ndi oyenera kumangitsa nsalu ya mchenga ndipo ndi osavuta kulinganiza. Zitha kukhala pamwamba kapena pansi pa chinthucho kukhala pansi, ndi malo apamwamba akutchulidwa ngati abwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kayendedwe ka rotary, masilinda amakhalanso ofanana ndi axis awo, pafupifupi.100kukwapula kawiri pamphindi poyenda kuchokera10 mm. Silinda imatha kuyambitsidwa ndi lamba wotumizira kapena ma motors amagetsi omangidwa.

Ma Sanders okhala ndi kumtunda kokha kapena kumunsi kwa silinda amafuna kuti zinthuzo zizidutsa kawiri pa mchenga wa mbali ziwiri. Zopukusira za silinda zisanu ndi chimodzi zokhala ndi ma silinda apamwamba komanso otsika amagaya mbali zonse za chinthucho ndikudutsa kumodzi.

Kinematic scheme of the three-cylinder machine Sh1ZC

*Chithunzi3: Kinematic chiwembu cha makina atatu-silinda akupera Š1ZC.

Mawuwa akutchula makina atatu-silinda akupera ndi lamba chakudya Š1ZC (mku3), yopangira kugaya zinthu zathyathyathya za mafelemu ndi mbale mpaka1.300 mmndi utali wochepa kwambiri200 mm.

| | Makhalidwe aukadaulo Š1ZC | Mtengo | | — | —: | | | Makina osinthira, madigiri anayi |4,6,8ndi12 m/min | | | Silinda m’mimba mwake |280 mm| | | | Chiwerengero cha kusintha kwa silinda |1.500rpm | | | Chiwerengero cha axial oscillations ya silinda | diso100mu miniti | | | Chiwerengero cha ma motors amagetsi |6| | | | Mphamvu |27,8kW | | Kulemera kwa makina | 6.500 kg |

Nsalu za mchenga ndi makulidwe a grit

Nsalu yopangira mchenga, yomwe imakhala ndi pepala kapena nsalu ya thonje pomwe njere zakuthwa za zinthu zolimba zimamatira, zimakhala ngati zonyezimira. Nsalu zopera ndi njere zagalasi, mwala, quartz, corundum ndi electrocorundum zalembedwa. Malinga ndi makulidwe a njere, nsalu zopangira mchenga zimagawidwa m’magulu.

Tebulo loyambirira limatchula manambala ansalu ya mchenga yomwe idapangidwa kale ku USSR:

Table 1: Manambala ndi makulidwe a njere za nsalu za mchenga
Nambala zansalu za mchenga Kukula kwambewu m'mimba mwake, mm Nambala zansalu za mchenga Kukula kwambewu m'mimba mwake, mm Nambala zansalu za mchenga Kukula kwambewu m'mimba mwake
12 1,68 80 0,177 325 0,030
16 1,19 100 0,149 M-28 0,028
20 0,84 120 0,126 M-20 0,020
24 0,71 140 0,105 M-14 0,014
36 0,50 170 0,088 M-10 0,010
46 0,35 200 0,074
60 0,25 280 0,063

Molingana ndi zinthu zomwe njerezo zimamangidwira ku gawo lapansi, nsalu za mchenga zimapangidwira mchenga wouma komanso wonyowa. Zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mchenga wouma zimamveka, ndi zomatira zopangira mchenga wonyowa. Nsalu za mchenga zokhala ndi zomatira zosagwira madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mchenga ndi ma vanishi a nitrocellulose ndi phala kapena zinthu zina za mchenga.

Njira zogwiritsira ntchito makina opera

Table 2: Njira zogwirira ntchito pamakina opera
Zizindikiro zamachitidwe Chigawo cha muyeso Makina
Tanjiraste Rails Mayimbo okhala ndi zida zolimbitsa thupi Single cylinder Masilinda atatu okhala ndi makina osuntha
Liwiro lokugaya m/mphindikati 15-20 12-20 12-20 15-23 23,5
Kupanikizika kwapadera kg/cm2 0,6-0,7 0,3-0,5 0,6 0,4 0,4
Liwiro la chakudya m/min – – – – 4-12

Zogwirizana nazo