Dabaqyada

Dabaqyada waa muhiim sababtoo ah waxay bixiyaan oo keliya shaqeyn iyo ilaalin, balse sidoo kale dhinac bilicsan iyo raaxo leh oo deegaanka nololeed ah. Kala soocidda ugu cad ee dabaqyada noocyadooda waxaa lagu helaa haddii isla mar ahaantaas la tixgeliyo habka samaynta dabaqyada iyo noocyada iyo qaababka agabka loo adeegsado samaynta. Sidaas awgeed waxaa la helaa kala soociddan soo socota: dabaqyo dhagax ah (kaldrme), košuljice (dahaaryo), dabaqyo dhoobo-foorno ah, dabaqyo ka samaysan tiirar yaryar, dabaqyo ka samaysan tiirar waaweyn, dabaqyo alwaax ah iyo dabaqyo ka samaysan cork, dabaqyo ka samaysan xarriijimo dahaareed, dabaqyo ka samaysan agab macmal ah oo lagu mariyo spatula.

Shuruudaha sagxadaha ee dhanka adkeysiga iyo ka hortagga qoyaanka

Shuruudaha ugu yar ee ku saabsan xoogga cadaadiska, xoogga jiidashada marka la qalloociyo, iyo sidoo kale iska caabbinta xirashada waxaa lagu qeexay daboollada ka samaysan shub adag ee DIN 1100. Qiimayaashaas guud ahaan waxaa loo tixgelin karaa shuruudaha ay tahay inay buuxiyaan dabaqyada si culus loo saaro ee dhismayaasha warshadaha. DIN 272 waxaa lagu sheegay qiimayaasha ugu yar ee dhagax-dhismeedka (ksilolit) kuwaas oo sidoo kale quseyn kara dabaqyada si fudud loo saaro ee dhismayaasha warshadaha, iyo sidoo kale dabaqyada dhismayaasha deggenaanshaha iyo xafiisyada.

Sl. 1 - Biyo-xireenka sagxadda

Shuruudaha dabaqyada xagga dahaarka kulaylka iyo dhawaaqa

Dahaaridda kulaylku kuma xirna oo keliya sagxadda, balse waxay ku xiran tahay nidaamka oo dhan ee dhismaha dabaqyada. Waxa kale oo muhiim ah heerka uu sagxaddu kuleylka uga qaadi karto dadka dusheeda taagan ama ku socda. Sidoo kale marka la eego ilaalinta dhawaaqa, nidaamka oo dhan ee dhismaha dabaqyada ayaa ah arrin go’aamisa. Halkaasna sagxaddu saamayn weyn bay leedahay – gaar ahaan haddii ay tahay kooshijaad sabbaynaysa ama sagxad alwaax ah oo sabbaynaysa.

Saw. 2 - Dahaarka dhawaaqa ee dabaqa

Shuruudaha ka ilaalinta dabaqyada dabka

Dabaqyada ku yaal agagaarka meelaha dabka lagu shido, iyo sidoo kale dabaqyada ku hoos jira saqafyada qotoda dheer, inta badanna aqoon-is-weydaarsiyada iyo hoolalka wax-soo-saarka, waa in loo baahan yahay in loo sameeyo sidii dab-ilaalin ama sidii kuwo dab-u-iska-caabbaya. Faahfaahin dheeraad ah waxaa laga helaa DIN 4102.

Shuruudaha iska-caabbinta korontada ee dabaqyada

Khatarta uu jidhka bini’aadamka ka qabo taabashada kirishbooyada koronto ku jira waa mid aad u weyn xitaa marka la joogo xadka danab hoose ilaa 250 volt. Khatartu way sii kordhaysaa haddii dhulka qofku ku sugan yahay uu leeyahay gudbin sare. Sida waafaqsan xeerarka Bulshada Korontada ee Jarmalka (VDE), dhul kasta oo iska caabbintiisu ka yar tahay 7730 ohm waa khatar. Tani waxay si gaar ah u khusaysaa dhulka qoyan iyo kuwa marka ah.

Daboollada (kooshuljicada)

Dahaarrada ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah: dabaqyada terazzo, dahaarrada shubka, dahaarrada dhoobada, dabaqyada moosaaykada, dahaarrada gypsum-ka, dabaqyada xylolite-ka, dahaarrada dhoobada dhooban iyo dahaarrada asphalt-ka.

• Dabaqyada terazzo: dabaqyada terazzo waa adkaysi leh, biyaha ma gudbiyaan mana booriyoobaan. DIN 1965 Xeerarka farsamo ee samaynta dahaarka iyo shaqooyinka dhoobada waxay bixiyaan xog faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan labadaba isku-darka granulometric ee isku-darka terazzo iyo habka loo sameeyo.
• Daboollada shubka: DIN 1965 waxa ku jira xog faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan daboollada shubka caadiga ah (hore cement), halka DIN 1100 uu ka hadlayo daboollada shubka adag. Muddooyinkii u dambeeyay waxaa sidoo kale la sameeyaa daboollo ka samaysan shub fudud – iyo sidoo kale ka samaysan isku-darrooyin dalool badan oo fudud, iyo shub xumbo leh – kuwaas oo gaar ahaan u adeega sida saldhigyo loogu talagalay daboollo ka samaysan walxo macmal ah oo lagu mariyo spatula.
• Dahaarka dhoobada: Waxaa laga sameeyaa leben la jajabiyey oo leh walxo xira oo nuurad, sibidh ama magnesite ah. Waxay kulaylka ka soo saaraan si ka liidata dahaarrada la taaban karo.
• Dabaqyada mozaayga: Dabaqyada mozaayga waxay matalaan nooca ugu quruxda badan uguna heerka sarreeya ee dahaarka, waxaana lagu sameeyaa marmar, jajabyo dhoobo la gubay, galaas aan hufnayn ama keramiko. Sababta oo ah noocan dabaqa ahi uu ka dalbanayo soo saaraha dareen farshaxanimo oo badan, aqoon-isweydaarsiyo aad u yar ayaa ku hawlan samayntiisa.
• Daboollada gypsum: Daboollada gypsum waa kuwo dabcelin ah. Habka loo sameeyo waxaa lagu soo bandhigay DIN 1965. Badanaa waxaa laga sameeyaa gypsum si xoog leh loo gubay oo loogu talagalay daboollo, waxaana loo sameeyaa sida hal-lakab ah oo ciid dusheeda lagu saaro, ama sida daboollo qallalan oo laba-lakab ah. Daboollada gypsum waxa kale oo loo adeegsadaa anhydrite dabiici ah.
• Dabaqyada alwaax dhagax ah: Sifooyinka iyo habka samaynta dabaqyada alwaax dhagax ah (ksilolit) waxaa nidaamiya xeerarka DIN 272. Waxay u kala baxaan dabaqyo hal-lakab ah oo warshadeed ama la cufay, dabaqyo laba-lakab ah oo alwaax dhagax ah, loogu talagalay qolalka degaanka iyo ganacsiga, iyo sidoo kale hoosaas hal-lakab ah oo loogu talagalay parquet-ka, dahaarrada xarriiqyada ah, iwm.
• Dahaarrada dhoobada: Faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan dahaarrada dhoobada – gaar ahaan kuwa bakhaarada hadhuudhka, bakhaarada beeraha iwm. – waxaa ku jira DIN 1965.
• Daboollada asphalt-ka: Daboollada asphalt-ka la shubay waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo lakabka sare ee tooska ah ee sagxadda, iyo sidoo kale in lagu sameeyo saldhigyada parquet-ka, daboollada xariijimaha ah, daboollada walxo macmal ah oo lagu mariyo spatula, iwm. Ma abuuraan boodh, ma dhexgalaan biyo, waa dabacsan yihiin, waxaana intaas dheer isla markiiba kadib samayntooda waa lagu dul socon karaa.

Saw. 3 - Mosaic ka samaysan alwaax

Dabaqyada dhoobada

Dabaqyada dhoobada/ceramikda waxaa laga sameeyaa tile-yo ceramik ah. Waxay leeyihiin cimri ku dhowaad aan xad lahayn, si fudud ayaa loo nadiifiyaa mana soo saaraan boor. Faahfaahin dheeraad ah eeg DIN 1965.

Sl. 4 - Dhoobada dhoobada ah oo lagu daydayo marmar

Sl. 5 - Naqshado kala duwan oo tiles dhoobo ah

Dabaqyada ka samaysan taariko yaryar

Dabaqyada ka samaysan tiirro yaryar (dusha qiyaastii 0,25 m2) waxaa laga sameeyaa tiirar dhagax dabiici ah, shub, klinker, galaas, bir, dhagax-dhismeed iyo asphalt, waxaana inta badan lagu dhigaa malaas sibidh ah. Tiirarka ka samaysan walxo macmal ah (xabag macmal ah, bitumen iyo asbestos) waxaa lagu dhigaa iyadoo la dhejiyo. Marka loo eego sifooyinkooda, waxay la jaanqaadaan daboollo laga sameeyay isla alaabta ceeriin iyo isla walxahaas.

Fig. 6 - Moosaayik ka samaysan tiirar yaryar

Dabaqyada ka samaysan looxyo waaweyn

Guryaha dabaqa ee looxyada waaweyn – marka laga soo tago xaashiyaha birta ah ee jeex-jeexan iyo kuwa biraha fudud – waxa si gaar ah loogu tixgeliyaa looxyada adag ee fiilooyinka alwaaxa, kuwaas oo marka la dhigayo badanaa lagu dhejiyo koollo qabow. Waxay leeyihiin sifooyin la mid ah kuwa dahaarka xargaha waxaana loo adeegsadaa isla ujeeddooyinka.

Dabaqyo ka samaysan alwaax iyo qudhac

Sagxadda alwaaxdu waxay ka mid tahay kuwa ugu da’da weyn, waxaana — marka laga reebo daboollada roogga iyo sagxadaha koor-kaha — ay tahay sagxadda ugu kulul ee cagaha. Tan waxaa ka mid ah: sagxadaha looxda ah ee looxyada sagxadda, parquet-ka xariijimaha ah iyo parquet-ka looxyo-yar, sagxad ka samaysan saqafyada parquet-ka iyo parquet-ka mosaic-ka.

Dabaqyada parquet-ka ee si sax ah loo dhigaa inta badan waxay bixiyaan dahaadh wanaagsan oo ka dhan ah saamaynta tallaabada. Dabaqa ka samaysan looxyo parquet iyo moosaaykgu waxay matalaan noocyo cusub oo parquet ah. Ujeeddada daryeelka fudud, parquet-ka waxaa dhawaanahan lagu shaabadeeyaa resino synthetic ah. Dabaqyada ka samaysan korku aad bay u diirran yihiin cagaha, waxay xannibaan dhawaaqa, mana daayaan biyo. Ku xidhiddada waxaa loo isticmaalaa xabag gaar ah.

Fig. 7 - Installing parquet

Dabaqyo ka samaysan xargaha dahaarka

Lakabyada ugu muhiimsan ee ku jira xargaha waxaa loo tixgeliyaa:

• Sagxado ka samaysan looxyo dhar-dhogor daabacan ah (balatum iyo stragula)
• Dabaqyo ka samaysan dhar la kala fidiyo, oo la mid ah roogagga
• Dabaqyada linoleum-ka
• Dabaqyada caagga ah
• Dabaqyo ka samaysan walxo macmal ah oo u eg dharka (igelit)
• Dabaqyada ka samaysan looxyo iyo xarriijimo polyvinyl chloride ah (gutasin iyo mipolan)

While the first two mentioned coverings are simply spread out and only tightened along the edges, all the others made of strip coverings are produced by gluing strips. These coverings stand out by the small number of their components and—except for those similar to carpets—by being dust-free, easy to wash, and more or less elastic.

Saw. 8 - Dabool linoleum ah oo lagu matalayo laminate

Dabaqyada laga sameeyo walxo macmal ah oo lagu mariyo spatula

Isku-dhisyada laga sameeyo maaddooyinka macmalka ah ee lagu mariyo spatula waxay ka kooban yihiin isku-darrooyin resino macmal ah (inta badan polyvinyl acetate) iyo walxo lagu daray. Dahaarrada waxaa lagu sameeyaa saldhigyo siman oo fidsan ugu yaraan saddex lakab oo spatula lagu mariyo. Ka dib qalajinta hawada ee 28-maalmood ah, dhumucdoodu waa in ay noqotaa ugu yaraan 2 mm. Lakabyada ka khafiifsan 2 mm ma aha dahaarro mar dambe, balse waa dahaaryo khafiif ah ama rinji.