Inqaku lengcaphephe elibalulekileyo: Lo nguvimba wemfundiso wesicatshulwa, hayi umgaqo woyilo lwangoku, ubalo olungatshintshiyo, okanye imiyalelo yokwenziwa kunye nendibano. Ubungakanani kunye nokwenziwa kwezakhiwo zentsimbi kufuneka kulandele imimiselo kunye nemigangatho esebenzayo, iprojekthi yenjineli egunyazisiweyo, amaxwebhu omenzi, ulawulo lwezixhobo kunye nokudibanisa okudityanisiweyo okanye oomatshini, kunye nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko emiselweyo.
Uyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zetsimbi azikho inxalenye yesibonelelo sikawonkewonke sangoku seSavo Kusić. Imveliso yanamhlanje ibandakanya iifestile zomthi, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam kunye neengcango zesiko.
Kulwakhiwo lwentsimbi kukho iintonga, imiqadi, iinqanawa, izixhaso zomphezulu, njl.ezakhiwe ngeeprofayili ezisebenzayo. Uqhagamshelo kufuneka luqhagamshele iiprofayili zomntu ngamnye ngendlela yokuba zenze iinxalenye zesakhiwo ezisebenza njengeyunithi enye. Oku kufezekiswa kuphela ukuba udibaniso lunokudlulisa ngokukhuselekileyo uxinzelelo olwenzeka phakathi kwamalungu ngamanye. Xa kukho uxinzelelo kuphela kunxibelelwano phakathi kwamacandelo amabini, uxinzelelo ludluliselwa ngoqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kweendlela zokudibanisa kunye nento. Ukongeza kuqhagamshelo oluzinzileyo, kukwakho uqhagamshelo olushukumayo oluvumela iintshukumo ezithile (amalungu, iiplagi ezisembindini, ii-drawer, iibheringi, njl. njl.).
IiRivets
Izinto ezisisiseko kuphela ziya kuthiwa malunga ne-rivets, kuba namhlanje ziphantse zingasetyenziswanga - zitshintshwe ngezikrufu. Ezi ziplagi, ezifana nezikhonkwane, ezibekwe kwiindawo zokuvuleka kwiindawo eziza kudibaniswa kwaye zihlanjululwe. Iirivets eziluhlaza (umkhiwane 1) zenziwe ngentsimbi ejikelezileyo. Kwimeko yokwakhiwa kwentsimbi, iirivets zihlanjululwa ngokukhanya okubomvu obomvu. Xa i-riveting, intloko ekhoyo ye-rivet ekrwada ixhaswa kakuhle ngesixhobo esifanelekileyo. Intloko yokuphela ibunjwe kusetyenziswa isando, ikakhulu siqhutywa nge-pneumatically, kuphela emva kokuba intamo ye-rivet iqhutywe ngokupheleleyo. Ngomgangatho we-riveting, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba intamo ye-rivet kufuneka igcwalise ngokupheleleyo ukuvuleka. Ububanzi be-rivet 1mm buncinci kunobubanzi bomngxuma, intamo ye-rivet kufuneka idityaniswe ngoxinzelelo okanye iipunch phambi kokuba intloko yokuphela ithathe imilo.
Fig. 1 - a) Irivethi ekrwada; b) I-Rivet enentloko ephakathi; c) I-Rivet enentloko etshoniweyo; d) I-Rivet enentloko ye-semicircular kwiibhoyila
Uxinzelelo kunye namandla eerivethi zomntu ngamnye (static)
I-Shear connections (umkhiwane 2) yenza intsimi ebaluleke kakhulu yokusetyenziswa kwee-rivets kwizakhiwo zetsimbi. Ngokwenani lamacandelo alayishwe nge-shear entanyeni ye-rivet, i-piece-piece, i-two-piece kunye ne-multi-piece connections iyahlukaniswa (umzobo 3). Ngonxibelelwano oluboniswe kwifig. 4 (uqhagamshelo olusike kabini) kukho imo yombane elinganayo.
Fig. 2
Fig. 3 -Iqhekeza elinye kunye neziqwenga ezibini uqhagamshelo
Uxinzelelo phakathi komnyango kunye ne-casing yemingxuma kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bee-rivets kunye nobukhulu beendawo ezidibeneyo; ulwabiwo lwabo lunikwa ngomkhiwane. 4a. Kubalwa okusebenzayo, ukuhanjiswa okufanayo kwe-voltage phezu kobukhulu beshiti kwakucingelwa (umkhiwane 4b). Ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo malunga nomjikelezo wentamo ye-rivet kunikwe umkhiwane. 4c. Ukulinganisa, kubalwa kunye nokusabalalisa ngokulinganayo phezu kobubanzi ngokomkhiwane. 4d. Ixabiso elingumndilili we-σlm ngumbane wombane ngapha kwemvulophu yomngxuma.
Fig. 4 - Amandla ombane kwimvulophu yomngxuma; a) kunye c) nenyani; b) kunye d) neengcinga zokubala eziqhelekileyo
Ukubalwa okuqhelekileyo kweerivets
Amandla okucheba axhomekeke ikakhulu kwisixhobo se-rivet. Xa uvavanya iziphumo zovavanyo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba izinto ze-rivets zihluke kwizinto ezidityanisiweyo zamaphepha kunye nokuba amandla e-rivet ayanda ngokunyuka.
Amandla oxinzelelo kwimvulophu yomngxuma ngamnye, njengelona xabiso liphezulu lomthwalo, alichazwanga ngokucacileyo njengamandla okucheba. Xa umgama e ukusuka ekupheleni kwephepha ungemkhulu kakhulu, iirivets ziyayikrazula; Umzobo 5 ubonisa imifanekiso ecazululiweyo. Uxinzelelo olutyumzayo ecaleni kwemvulophu yomngxuma, efunekayo ekuchebeni iziphelo zamaphepha, ingaba ye < 2,5d prikazati obrascem σlB = σB e/d. Širina b je bez primetnog uticaja na jačinu gnječenja po omotaču rupe, σB je jačina na kidanje spojenih limova.
Fig. 5 - Iintlobo zokwaphuka
Imithetho yeRivet yezeMbali
Isithuba seRivet. Isithuba se-rivet e (i-wheelbase) silinganiselwe ukuya ezantsi ngenxa yokukrazuka lula, iincopho zoxinzelelo kunye nokuncipha kokumelana nomngxuma. Isithuba esiphezulu se-rivets silinganiselwe, ngoko ke iziqhagamshelo akufanele zivulwe ngenxa yomngcipheko wokugqwala, kwaye amaxwebhu akufanele agobe phantsi koxinzelelo. Owona mgama mkhulu uxhomekeke kubukhulu beshiti t. Izithuba eziqhelekileyo zerivet kwiibhulorho zikaloliwe kunye nezinye izakhiwo zentsimbi ziyahluka phakathi kwemida ethile. Umgama ukusuka ekupheleni ngu-e1, kwaye usendleleni yombutho. Umgama ukusuka ekupheleni e2 uxhomekeke kwicala lesenzo samandla.
Isikhundla se-rivets. I-rivets ininzi ihlelwe kwiipateni eziqhelekileyo ze-rivet kwaye zibekwe kwimigca ethe tye emva komnye. Ngamacandelo abanzi, imiqolo emininzi yeerivets iyafuneka (umkhiwane.6), apho itafile kufuneka ilandelwe1. Kwii-rivets zesakhiwo zangaphakathi zeentonga zoxinzelelo olubanzi, zinokunyuswa ukuya kuthi ga kabini amaxabiso avela kwitafile.1.
Sl.6
Sl.7- Umzekelo rivets for profiled steel
Izikrufu kunye neeplagi
Izikrufu ziphantse zisetyenziswe kwizakhiwo apho kuyimfuneko ukukhusela uxhumano. Iibholiti ezenziwe ngemathiriyeli ekumgangatho ophezulu kufuneka zigqithise amandla ngokukhuhlana, ngelixa amandla okucheba kunye noxinzelelo olucinezelayo kwiqokobhe leplagi alinagalelo libalulekileyo. Kwizakhiwo zetsimbi, izikrufu ezineentambo zemetric zisetyenziswa. Imigaqo yokufaka izikrufu ihambelana nezo zerivethi zomngxuma ofanayo d. Nangona kunjalo, owona mgama umncinci kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwe-e =3,5d, ngcono4d. Eminye imigama, iingcambu kunye nemilinganiselo yomgca iyafana neyerivets. Iibholiti kufuneka zihlanjululwe ngakumbi ukusuka komnye nomnye ngaphandle kwee-rivets, ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu sendawo yamantongomane kunye ne-bolt wrench.
Kulwakhiwo lwentsimbi, ikakhulu ezi fom zilandelayo ziqwalaselwa:
Iibholiti ze-hex ezikrwada: zinehex nut kunye newasha Umsonto idayamitha d =10ukuya33 mmkunye nedamitha yomngxuma d1=11ukuya34 mm. Ezi zikrufu zenziwa ngoomatshini kuphela kwimisonto, ngoko ke kufuneka ubale ngokucocwa kwe0,5ukuya2 mmphakathi komzimba kunye nomngxuma. Ukhathalelo kufuneka luthatyathwe ngamandla aphezulu kuba uqhagamshelo lwebhoti luhlala lubonisa inguqu enkulu.
Fig. 8 - Screw
Izikrufu: imilinganiselo yazo ihambelana nezikrufu ze-hex ekrwada, kodwa zinomzimba owenziwe ngomatshini ngokuchanekileyo ukuze zizalise umngxuma kakuhle. Izikrufu ezifakelweyo endaweni yezo ekrwada xa amandla amakhulu kufuneka adluliselwe okanye xa iintshukumo ezidityanisiweyo kufuneka zihlale ngaphakathi kwemida emincinci.
Backing plates: izikrufu zisetyenziswa nge backing plates. Ubukhulu bepleyiti buxhomekeke kubungakanani besikrufu esisetyenzisiweyo.
Markings: amanqaku, umngxuma kunye nobukhulu be screw bunikwe kule theyibhile ilandelayo:
Fig. 9 - Amanqaku eScrew
Uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo lwezikrufu zomntu ngamnye
Uqhagamshelo lwe-Shear: Imeko yoxinzelelo kwiibhoti ezidityanisiweyo ziyafana naleyo yoqhagamshelo oludityanisiweyo. Xa idimensioni ibalwa kunye ne-avareji yoxinzelelo lwe-chear τm kunye noxinzelelo kwi-casing yomngxuma σlm. Kuyaziwa ukuba uxinzelelo kwi-casing of the hole kwandisa kakhulu xa imicu ingena emngxunyeni, ngoko ke kufuneka igwenywe.
Ukunyanzeliswa kwe-frictional kunxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo kunye nezikhonkwane kuphantsi kunezixhobo ezifakwe kwi-riveted, kuba xa uqinisa amantongomane, kuphela amandla amancinci okuqinisa anokufezekiswa. Ukuqiniswa kakhulu kuya kuyonakalisa imisonto. Ibhekisa kwizikrufu zexabiso eliphezulu ezenza uxhathiso lokukhuhlana kuqhagamshelo lubaluleke kakhulu kukuziphatha kwazo.
Amandla okucheba eeplagi ezifakiweyo ezisilinda ayafana nalawo eerivethi. Uvavanyo lwe-static tear alukwazi, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ukumisela nawuphi na umahluko phakathi kweeplagi ezifakiweyo kunye ne-rivets ngokwemiqathango yamandla oxinzelelo kwimvulophu yomngxuma ngamnye. Ngexesha lokulayisha ukudinwa, ukuxhathisa okusezantsi ngokulinganayo ngunobangela wokuziphatha okwahlukileyo kakhulu koqhagamshelo ngezikrufu.
Izikrufu ezikrwada zinokuxhathisa okusezantsi kuqhagamshelo olulayishwe ngeshear ukuya kuthi ga ku-20% ngenxa yomsantsa phakathi komngxuma kunye nomzimba we-screw. Ngesi sizathu, uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo lwezikrufu ezikrwada lusezantsi kunezo zifakiweyo. Ukwenza umlinganiselo, eyona dayamitha yomzimba kufuneka ithathwe d.
Iminqwazi edibeneyo
Ii-caps ezidibeneyo zibonelela ngoqhagamshelwano oluchasene noxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo, apho izinto ezidibeneyo zinokujikelezwa. Isicelo kwiindawo ezidibeneyo zeGerber ezixhasayo, amabhanti amisiweyo eebhulorho zokunqunyanyiswa kwekhonkco, ukudityaniswa kweentonga ezidibeneyo ngendlela yokudibanisa, njl. iibhulorho ezinezivalo ziphantse ukuba azisakhiwa. Amandla okukhuhlana okuphezulu, okwenzeka kwiiplagi, anqanda ukunyakaza, ngelixa ukujikeleza okulinganayo kufezekiswa kuphela ngemizuzu emikhulu.
Fig. 10 - Iicaps, a) i-cap ene-screw; b) i-cork ene-split; c) iplagi yebhulorho enye yokunqunyanyiswa
Imeko yoxinzelelo kwiplagi ifana kakhulu naleyo yoqhagamshelo olukhutshiweyo. Iiplagi ke ngoko zinomlinganiselo ngokwentsingiselo yoxinzelelo lokucheba τm kunye nomndilili woxinzelelo olucinezelayo ngomngxuma ngamnye imvulophu σlm. Kuba iiplagi kufuneka zijikeleziswe ngokulula, nangona kunjalo, σlm ithathwa kancinci. Uxinzelelo lokugoba kwiiplagi ubukhulu becala alubalulekanga, kodwa banokufikelela kumaxabiso abalulekileyo xa amacandelo adityanisiweyo egxile kakhulu.
Iindlela zokubala zangoku, iinkcukacha ezidibeneyo ezimiselweyo kunye namaxwebhu eprojekthi yengcali egunyazisiweyo isetyenziselwa into nganye yokwenyani. Lo mbhalo ugcinwe njengomthombo wemfundo yembali.