INqaku leNgcali eliBalulekileyo: Esi sisibhalo sombhali esisekwe kwimithombo yolwazi kunye nemizekelo ekhoyo ngexesha lopapasho. Ayisiyo inkcazo yobugcisa yangoku, imiyalelo yokhuseleko, ingcebiso yotyalo-mali okanye isiqinisekiso sesakhono sangoku, isantya, iindleko okanye ubume beenkampani kunye neemveliso ezikhankanyiweyo. Usetyenziso ngalunye lwangoku lokwenziwa kolwakhiwo lufuna itsheki yamaxwebhu akhoyo omenzi, iipropati eziphathekayo, ukhuseleko emsebenzini, amalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kunye nemimiselo esebenzayo.
Iimveliso ezongezelelweyo kunye neenkonzo zokuprinta aziyonxalenye yesibonelelo sangoku sika-Savo Kusić. Imveliso yanamhlanje ibandakanya iifestile zomthi, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam kunye neminyango yesiko.
Iimfuno, iteknoloji kunye nemveliso
Itekhnoloji entsha yokwenza izinto kusetyenziswa iprinta ye-3D, ifune kwakhona uphononongo lwethu lobu buchwepheshe, iziphumo zayo kwimveliso kunye neendlela ezintsha ezinokwenzeka kunye neendlela zokulungelelanisa imveliso.
Uninzi lweetekisi ezijongana necandelo leshishini (kunye neminye imimandla emininzi) eneneni iqala ngesigqibo sokuba “namhlanje iteknoloji (iyeza, ikhemistri, njl.njl.) ihambele phambili kangangokuba …”
Eli binzana, njengoko lenzeka kwixesha elidlulileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo liya kuhlala iminyaka emininzi ezayo kwaye mhlawumbi liya kudlula kuthi, kuba njengoko kunjalo, ngaloo mini sifunda esi sicatshulwa, uluntu aluzange luphuhliswe ngakumbi, kodwa aluyi kuba, njengoko kuya kuba ngomso.
Kwaye ngokwenene, iimfuno ezidalwe ngumntu ziyahluka imihla ngemihla kwaye imfuno nganye ibeka entsha, ekufuneka igqibelele ngakumbi kwaye ibengcono kuneyangaphambili. Ukuba unokubeka ezo mfuno kumxholo womzekelo. kwishishini lokwenziwa kwekhompyuter, siza kubona ukuba ikhompyuter enokuthi, kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo nangaphezulu, yenze yonke imisebenzi yethu ayisaneli kuthi (iimfuno ezintsha zifuna isoftware epheleleyo, efuna ngakumbi ihardware, njl. njl.). Ngokukodwa, le nto yachazwa nguGordon Moore, omnye wabasunguli be-Intel, othi amandla ekhompyutheni aphindaphinda kabini yonke 18 ukuya ku-20 msec, yiyo loo nto lo mthetho ubizwa ngokuba nguMthetho kaMoore. Ke namhlanje ifowuni yethu ephathwayo iqulathe amandla ekhompyuter ngaphezulu kunombutho wonke weNASA 1969. wathumela amadoda amabini enyangeni okanye umz. imidlalo yevidiyo esebenzisa izixhobo zekhompuyutha ezininzi ukulinganisa iimeko ezinomacala amathathu kunekhompyuter enye ye-mainframe yeminyaka elishumi edlulileyo (Kaku, 2011).
Apha izinto ezimbini kufuneka zohlulwe ngoko nangoko. Iimfuno zemihla ngemihla namhlanje, loo khompyutha ayikwazanga ukuzalisekisa, kodwa elinye icala lebali, xa lijongwa ngokubanzi, loo khompyutha, njengoko kukhankanyiwe, yanele ukuqalisa umntu enyangeni. Ngaloo ndlela, inkqubela phambili yenzululwazi yakhululeka ekuxhomekeke kwisantya somz. abaqhubekekisi kwaye kukho ugxininiso olukhulu kwamanye amasebe, olunokuthi luthintele inkqubela phambili. Ngokufutshane, isayensi inxibelelana ngeendlela ezimbini nekhompyuter kwaye iziqhelanise nayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo iimfuno kuphela “ezityhalela” uluntu phambili. Iminqweno eyenziwa ngumntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba uyayifuna okanye akayifuni, ivula indawo entsha ngokupheleleyo yokuba imizi-mveliso ikhuphisane ukuze imnike kanye loo nto ayifunayo okanye into angathanda ngayo, ngaphandle kokuqaphela oko okwangoku. Asimele sikhohlwe ukuthengisa, okuxhasa ibali lonke kunye nenyaniso yokuba ngokwenene yimfuno yethu kunye nento esingenakuyenza ngaphandle kwayo, kwaye kungekhona nje iminqweno engeyomfuneko kangako kuthi. Xa sikwabandakanya umntu njengomntu wentlalontle kunye nenkcubeko, ofuna ukwahluka kwabanye kunye nokwenza isazisi sakhe esiya kubonakalisa isimo sakhe sangaphakathi somoya (okuyinto zombini imfuno kunye nomnqweno ukuya kwinqanaba elithile), sifumana umfanekiso onzima kakhulu womthengi wanamhlanje, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umz. yenkampani efuna ukuthengisa imoto yayo, apho loo nkampani kufuneka ichithe izixhobo ezininzi, ukuphanda kunye nokubumba imveliso yayo, ngaphandle kokungena kwimveliso yaloo moto.
Ke indlela yokuvelisa loo mveliso, ukuze ibe yinto efunwa ngumntu? Luluphi uhlobo lophando kwaye yintoni eyona ndlela yokuyiqhuba, ukwenzela ukuba kubonakaliswe umnqweno wangempela womthengi kunye nento eya kuthengwa ngumntu, ngaphandle kokuhlala kwisitokhwe kunye nokulahlekelwa ixabiso? Enye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokwenza imveliso kukuba umthengi athethe into ayilindeleyo kwimveliso, kwaye ke sinokuqiniseka ukuba siya kumthengisela yona. Ngokuqinisekileyo, elinye icala lengxaki yindlela yokufezekisa konke oku ngezixhobo ezimbalwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngelixa uhlonipha umthengi ngamnye.
ULungiselelo oluninzi
Abaqala ukunika impendulo kulo mbuzo baxhasa indlela entsha yokwenziwa kwemveliso. Indlela eyavela kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini eyadlulayo inika indlela yokucinga kunye nefilosofi yokuququzelela imveliso ukuhlonipha zonke ezi mfuno, ngelixa kufunyanwa izisombululo zokuzanelisa ukuze kuxhamlene. Ngoko ke, velisa oko wonke umthengi akufunayo kwaye unokuhlawula kwaye wenze inzuzo. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kobuninzi. Ingqekembe yemali yenziwe ukusuka kumagama esiNgesi ** ubuninzi ** (ubunzima, ubuninzi, ubuninzi) kunye ** ngokwezifiso ** (uhlengahlengiso), ekuguquleleni kuya kuthetha ** ukulungelelaniswa kobuninzi ** ngengqiqo yokuba kunokwenzeka ukwenza iimveliso zodwa kwimveliso yobuninzi (ngokukaSuzić, 2014).
Imveliso namhlanje
Zininzi iindlela zokuvelisa, kodwa eyona ifumene umfutho kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje kukwenza ngokwezifiso. Xa sithetha malunga nokwenza ngokwezifiso, ihlala ihambelana nexesha esiphila kulo kunye neengqikelelo ezinxulumene nokwenza ngokwezifiso ubukhulu becala kukuba ichaza olona hlobo lubalaseleyo lwemveliso kunye nendlela yokujongana noyilo lwemveliso kunye nemveliso. Ukwenza ngokwezifiso akuchazi ukuba luhlobo luni lwemveliso olulungileyo kunye nendlela yokuyila imveliso. Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kuyindlela kunye **indlela yokucinga **, kwaye iindlela ezingcono kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuvelisa kuphela umphumo wale ndlela kwaye ngokubanzi isigqibo sokusebenzisa olu hlobo lokucinga kwimveliso (ekudalweni).
Zonke iinkampani eziphumeleleyo zilandele le ndlela kwaye zakha iinkqubo eziyimpumelelo ezikwazile ukuququzelela imveliso yazo ukuze ziphendule kakuhle kwiimarike. Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kukhankanyiwe ukuze kuboniswe imfuno yokulungelelanisa inkqubo kwicala lokunciphisa ubungakanani begalelo kwimveliso, ngokumalunga nobukhulu bemveliso, kwaye ngaloo ndlela idlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu njengendlela yokwenza.
Oku kuye kwazisa utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela eyenziwa ngayo iimveliso, kodwa kunjalo, kwinqanaba eliphambili, indlela yokuvelisa ayitshintshanga. Kuphela ulungelelwaniso olungcono olunikezelwayo.
Ukongeza kunye nokuthabatha imathiriyeli
Imveliso yangaphambili isekelwe kumgaqo wokuthabatha izinto. Ngokwenza oku, oku kuthetha ukuba isiqwenga esinemilinganiselo emikhulu kunemilinganiselo yemveliso yokugqibela ithathwa kwaye izinto eziphathekayo zisuswa kwisiqwenga, de kube isiqwenga siziswe kwimilinganiselo yokugqibela. Olu hlobo lwemveliso lusalawula kwishishini lemveliso namhlanje. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho izinto ezingafaniyo, ezifana neemveliso ezifunyenwe kwiinkqubo zokuphosa, ukuvuthela, ukubethelwa kunye nokunye okunjalo, kodwa ezi ndlela aziniki inkululeko eyaneleyo “elandelayo” ekubunjweni kwemveliso, kodwa zilinganiselwe ngokulungiselela kwangaphambili (iitemplates, izakhiwo zezinto eziphathekayo, njl.)
Indlela yokuvelisa enikezelwa ngu-3D yokushicilela ichasene ngqo nendlela ekhankanyiweyo kwaye inikezela ngemveliso ngokongeza izinto. Le ndlela yokuvelisa isekelwe kumgaqo wokongeza izinto de kufike umlinganiselo wokugqibela.
3D print
Kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, le ndlela yayibonakala ngathi yintsomi yesayensi, kodwa yayiyinjineli efake isandla ekuqaliseni olu hlobo lwemveliso. Kushicilelo lwe-dimensional-dimensional, into yenziwa ngokufaka ngokulandelelana iileya zemathiriyeli. Yenza ukuveliswa kwamalungu kunye neendibano ezivela kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini kunye nezomzimba (iWikipedia, 2015).
Ukuba siphengulula undoqo woshicilelo 3D, ibinokuba ikhona ukusukela ngeentsuku “zezinto zolwelo”, kodwa ubunjineli bube negalelo kwinto yokuba indibaniselwano yomatshini we-CNC [1] kunye ne-extruder eqhelekileyo (enokuthi ityhale kwimifanekiso emithathu ebonisiweyo, enika into enokwenzeka kwimifanekiso ebonisiweyo) 1.
Umfanekiso 1 -Ukudibanisa umatshini we-CNC kunye ne-plastic extruder (ukusikwa kwekhadibhodi kwi-cnc,2015) (Yintoni Entsha Ehlabathini le3D Ushicilelo? ,2015) (3D yoshicilelo,2015)
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, iindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zolu hlobo kunye nobuchule bokudibanisa iileya ezisetyenzisiweyo ziye zaphuhliswa, apho ukugqiba okungcono kufumaneka rhoqo, izinto ezintsha ziyaziswa kwaye ukwakhiwa kwabashicileli ngokwabo kuphuculwe. Kufuneka siphinde sikhankanye umshicileli okhoyo wenkampani yeCarbon3D, abakhi bayo baphefumlelwe yi-movie “Terminator 2”, apho into ekhutshwe kwi-resin engamanzi yenziwe (umfanekiso 2). Njengomnye wabenzi bomshicileli, uJoseph DeSimone, uthe, 3D abashicileli ngokwenene 2D abashicileli abaphinda inkqubo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye loo nkqubo yathatha ixesha elide emva koko. Lo mshicileli “ulula” utsala yonke into kulwelo, ilungiswe kwangaphambili ngoncedo lokukhanya, kwaye ngokutsho komthombo ngelo xesha ubonelela ukusuka 25 ukuya 100 amaxesha oshicilelo olukhawulezayo (Carbon3D, 2015).
Umfanekiso 2 - Umgaqo wokusebenza 3D yeCarbon 3D umshicileli. (Carbon3D, 2015)
3D ukuprintwa kunye nokuveliswa
Sele ibonwa ukuba isetyenziswa njani3Abashicileli be-D basasazeke kuzo zonke iindawo zoshishino, ngoko ngoku kukho amalungu omzimba asele eshicilelwe, amaqokobhe emoto, i-cutlery, i-wardrobe, kunye nezindlu kunye nezakhiwo, njl njl. Umzekelo i-Boeing namhlanje iprinta ngaphezu20 000iindawo zenqwelomoya yakho (DICKEY,2015).
Njengoko le teknoloji iya ifikeleleka kwaye ifikeleleke ngakumbi, iingcali kule ndawo ziqikelela ukuba olu hlobo lwemveliso luya kuhamba ukusuka kumashishini ukuya kubathengi. Nge 3D abashicileli, abantu baya kukwazi ukwenza imifuziselo yabo, ukuguqula esele ikho kwaye balungelelanise iimveliso kwiimfuno zabo. Usenokufumana uninzi lweemodeli zasimahla kwi-Intanethi, ezinokukhutshelwa kwaye ziprintwe ngokuthe ngqo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sijonga kumzekelo ongavumelekanga, abantu abaninzi namhlanje “banesiqhelo” 2D abashicileli kumakhaya abo, kodwa kusekho abakhupheli, kwaye nabo banabashicileli baprinta kwiikopi. Iza kufana ne 3D abashicileli. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zoku, ezinye zazo zezi:
- izizathu zoqoqosho, kuba imveliso yobuninzi isephantsi kunomntu ngamnye;
- ukugqiba okungcono, apho uninzi lwabantu lungayi kuba neemeko njengeengcali;
- ulwazi lweempawu zezinto eziphathekayo, ulwakhiwo kunye nesoftware yokucubungula;
- ubuchule bokuyila bomntu;
- uthintelo lomzimba lomshicileli.
Ngokuhambelana neemfuno zabathengi,3I-D-yoshicilelo inikezela ngamathuba amakhulu ngokungenasiphelo ukulungelelanisa imveliso kwiminqweno yomthengi, kunokuba ikwazi ukunika imveliso yemveli ngokusekelwe ekususweni kwezinto. Kodwa ngokombono womvelisi, yenza imveliso ngaphandle kwezinto ezigqithisileyo (inkunkuma), ukunciphisa inani loomatshini, iindleko zokugcina eziphantsi, njl njl. Kwakhona, kukho indawo yokulungelelanisa okukhankanywe ngasentla, apho amaqonga emveliso anokuveliswa kwangaphambili, apho iimilo ezifunwayo zinokushicilelwa kwaye zidibene nabathengi, kunye nesantya sokuhanjiswa kunye nokunye okunjalo. Kwakhona, ithuba lokushiya imveliso engagqitywanga iya kuvulwa, apho iya kuhanjiswa kumthengi njengoko enjalo, kwaye umthengi uya kuba nako ukuprinta imveliso kunye nomshicileli wakhe.
Ngezantsi kukho imizekelo embalwa efunyenweyo3D ishicilelwe
Isihlomelo1_ - Inkampani yaseTshayina iWinSun, ekhethekileyo ekwakheni izindlu nge3Itekhnoloji ye-D, “iprintwe” isakhiwo sayo sokuqala esinemigangatho emininzi
Umfanekiso 3 – Isakhiwo esishicilelweyo - http://svetzanimljivosti.com/zgrada-iz-stampaca-prva-visespratnica-po-3d-tehnologiji/
Umfanekiso 4 - Ingaphakathi lesakhiwo esishicilelweyo -http://kiko-unico.com.hr/hocemo-li-u-skoroj-buducnosti-printati-stambene-objekte-luksuzne-vile/
Isihlomelo2_- Inkampani yeLocal Motors ivelise imoto apho izinto zesakhiwo kunye namalungu omzimba aprintwa kuyo3D umshicileli, kwaye ke iinxalenye ezongezelelweyo zifakwe kwimoto
Umfanekiso 5 - Imoto iinxalenye zayo ziprintwe -http://www.b92.net/automobili/razno.php?yyyy=2015&mm=01&nav\_id=946245
Isihlomelo3_-3D umpu kunye nompu
Umfanekiso 6 -3d umpu - http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2295283/3D-printing-gunsmiths-make-blueprints-available-free-download-granted-firearms-licence.html
Umfanekiso 7 - http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-22421185
Isihlomelo4_ - 3D ingalo yabantu abakhubazekileyo
Umfanekiso 8 -3D ingalo -http://edition.cnn.com/2014/04/14/tech/innovation/carpenter-fingers-robohand-3-d/
Qaphela isicelo: Imizekelo yembali, uqikelelo, uthelekiso lwesantya kunye neengxelo zenkampani azithabathel’ indawo uthelekiso lokwenene lobugcisa kunye nezorhwebo. Ukhuseleko lwenkqubo luxhomekeke kumatshini, izinto, umoya, ubushushu, ukusetyenzwa, injongo yenxalenye kunye novavanyo lweengcali kwimeko ethile.
Imithombo
3D ukuprinta. (2015, 4 14). Ifunyenwe kwiWikipedia, i-encyclopedia yasimahla: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
Carbon3D. (2015, 04 5). Ifunyenwe kwiCarbon3D | Itekhnoloji ye-CLIP - Itekhnoloji yokuphumelela esekelwe kwinkqubo yokufota khemikhali engenamaleko 3D yoshicilelo:: http://carbon3d.com/
DICKEY, M. R. (2015, 4 15). Ndiyathemba ukuba uyawathemba 3D Izishicileli — IBoeing Izisebenzisela ‘UkuShicilela’ iiNdawo Zeenqwelo-moya zayo. Ifunyenwe kwiBusiness Insider: http://www.businessinsider.com/
Kaku, D. M. (2011). IFiziksi yekamva.
Ikhadibhodi yokusika kwi-cnc. (2015, 4 14). Ifunyenwe kwi-elitesecurity.org - iiforum zewebhu: http://www.elitesecurity.org/t415702-0
Suzić, N. (. (n.d.). Novi Sad.
Yintoni Entsha Kwihlabathi Loshicilelo lwe-3D? . (2015, 4 14). Ifunyenwe kwi-Brit + co: http://www.brit.co/3d-june/
Wikipedia. (2015, 04 12). 3D isitampu. Ifunyenwe kwiWikipedia: http://sr.wikipedia.org/sr-el/3%D0%94_%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0
[1] I-CNC (eng. ikhompyutha yokulawula amanani) ngumatshini osebenzisa ulungelelwaniso olufakwe ngaphambili lwentshukumo yalo, olungeniswa ngokuxhomekeke kwizikhundla ezifunwayo kwinkqubo yolungelelwaniso oluqatshelweyo.