** Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom Tseem Ceeb:** Qhov no yog tus sau cov ntawv sau cia raws li cov peev txheej thiab cov piv txwv muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm tshaj tawm. Nws tsis yog ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb tam sim no, kev qhia txog kev nyab xeeb, kev tawm tswv yim peev lossis kev pom zoo ntawm cov peev txheej tam sim no, kev nrawm, cov nqi lossis cov xwm txheej ntawm cov tuam txhab thiab cov khoom tau hais. Txhua daim ntawv thov tam sim no ntawm kev tsim khoom ntxiv yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no, cov khoom siv, kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov cai ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab cov kev cai siv.
Kev tsim khoom ntxiv thiab kev pabcuam luam ntawv tsis yog ib feem ntawm kev muab rau pej xeem tam sim no ntawm Savo Kusić. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no suav nrog ntoo qhov rais, ntoo-aluminium Qhov rais thiab kev cai qhov rooj.
Xav tau, tshuab thiab ntau lawm
Lub thev naus laus zis tshiab ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv, kuj xav tau peb kev tshuaj xyuas cov thev naus laus zis no, nws cov teebmeem ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab muaj peev xwm tshiab thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Feem ntau cov ntawv hais txog kev lag luam (nrog rau ntau yam kev lag luam) yeej pib nrog qhov xaus tias “hnub no technology (tshuaj, chemistry, thiab lwm yam) yog li ntawd …”
Cov lus zoo li no tau tshwm sim yav dhau los, yuav nyob rau ntau xyoo tom ntej thiab tej zaum yuav muaj sia nyob rau peb, vim hais tias raws li nws yog, nyob rau hnub peb nyeem cov ntawv no, tib neeg lub neej yeej tsis tau tsim dua, tab sis nws yuav tsis yog, raws li nws yuav yog tag kis.
Thiab qhov tseeb, cov kev xav tau tsim los ntawm tus txiv neej txawv ntawm ib hnub rau ib hnub thiab txhua qhov xav tau ib qho tshiab, uas yuav tsum ua kom zoo dua qub thiab zoo dua li yav dhau los. Yog tias koj yuav tso cov kev xav tau no rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm e.g. ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam hauv computer, peb yuav pom tias lub khoos phis tawj uas tuaj yeem, tsib xyoos dhau los thiab ntau dua, ua txhua txoj haujlwm tsis txaus rau peb (cov kev xav tau tshiab yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntau dua software, uas yuav tsum tau kho vajtse ntxiv, thiab lwm yam). Tshwj xeeb, qhov tshwm sim no tau piav qhia los ntawm Gordon Moore, ib tus tsim ntawm Intel, uas hais tias lub khoos phis tawj lub zog ua ob npaug txhua 18 rau 20 msec, uas yog vim li cas txoj cai no tau hu ua Moore Txoj Cai. Yog li niaj hnub no peb lub xov tooj ntawm tes muaj ntau lub zog suav dua li tag nrho NASA lub koom haum uas yog 1969. xa ob tug txiv neej mus rau lub hli los yog piv txwv. cov yeeb yaj kiab ua si uas siv cov khoom siv suav ntau dua los sim cov xwm txheej peb sab dua li ib lub khoos phis tawj loj ntawm kaum xyoo dhau los (Kaku, 2011).
Ntawm ob yam yuav tsum tau muab cais tam sim ntawd. Cov kev xav tau uas niaj hnub no niaj hnub no, lub khoos phis tawj ntawd tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav, tab sis lwm sab ntawm zaj dab neeg, thaum pom dav dav, lub khoos phis tawj, raws li tau hais, txaus los tso tus txiv neej mus rau lub hli. Yog li, qhov kev kawm ntawm science tau dawb los ntawm kev vam khom ntawm kev ceev ntawm e.g. processors thiab muaj ntau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lwm cov ceg, uas tejzaum nws cuam tshuam kev nce qib. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, science sib txuas lus ob-txoj kev nrog lub computer thiab adapts rau nws tus kheej.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev xav tau tsis yog tib qho uas “them” tib neeg mus rau tom ntej. Cov kev ntshaw uas tus txiv neej tsim, txawm hais tias nws xav tau lossis tsis xav, qhib qhov chaw tshiab rau kev lag luam sib tw kom muab nws raws nraim qhov nws xav tau lossis nws xav tau, yam tsis tau paub txog nws. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev lag luam, uas txhawb nqa tag nrho zaj dab neeg nrog qhov tseeb tias nws yog qhov tseeb peb cov kev xav tau thiab peb ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj, thiab tsis yog kev ntshaw uas tsis tsim nyog rau peb. Thaum peb tseem suav nrog tus txiv neej ua kev sib raug zoo thiab kev coj noj coj ua, uas xav sib txawv ntawm lwm tus thiab tsim nws tus kheej uas yuav cuam tshuam nws sab ntsuj plig lub xeev (uas yog ob qho tib si xav tau thiab xav tau rau qee qhov), peb tau txais cov duab nyuaj heev ntawm cov neeg siv khoom niaj hnub no, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm e.g. ntawm ib lub tuam txhab uas xav muag nws lub tsheb, qhov twg lub tuam txhab yuav tsum tau siv nyiaj ntau heev, tshawb fawb thiab tsim nws cov kev, tsis txawm nkag mus rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub tsheb.
Tom qab ntawd yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau cov khoom ntawd, kom nws yog ib yam uas ib tug neeg xav tau? Qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo li cas thiab qhov twg yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los coj nws, yog li ntawd nws yog qhov kev xav ntawm lub siab xav tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab ib yam dab tsi uas ib tug neeg yuav yuav, tsis muaj nws zaum hauv Tshuag thiab poob nqi? Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los ua cov khoom lag luam yog rau cov neeg siv khoom hais qhov nws xav tau los ntawm cov khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias peb yuav muag rau nws. Tau kawg, lwm sab ntawm qhov teeb meem yog yuav ua li cas ua tiav tag nrho cov no nrog tsawg li tsawg tau, thaum saib xyuas txhua tus neeg siv khoom.
Mass Customization
Thawj zaug muab cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no yog cov neeg tawm tswv yim ntawm txoj hauv kev tshiab hauv kev tsim khoom. Txoj hauv kev uas tau tshwm sim nees nkaum xyoo dhau los muaj txoj hauv kev xav thiab lub tswv yim ntawm kev txhim kho kev tsim khoom kom hwm tag nrho cov kev cai no, thaum nrhiav kev daws teeb meem kom txaus siab rau kev sib nrig sib pab. Yog li, tsim txhua yam uas txhua tus neeg siv khoom xav tau thiab tuaj yeem them rau thiab ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig. Txoj kev no hu ua mass customization. Lub npib tau tsim los ntawm cov lus Askiv ** huab hwm coj ** (ntau, loj, ntau ntau) thiab ** kev hloov kho ** (kho), uas hauv kev txhais lus yuav txhais tau tias ** kev hloov kho loj ** hauv kev nkag siab ntawm qhov ua tau ntawm tus kheej cov khoom lag luam loj (raws li Suzić, 2014).
Production today
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim khoom, tab sis qhov uas tau txais lub zog tshaj plaws thiab tau siv dav tshaj plaws niaj hnub no yog kev hloov kho. Thaum tham txog customization, nws yeej ib txwm muaj feem xyuam rau lub sij hawm peb nyob rau hauv thiab cov kev xav hais tias muaj feem xyuam rau customization yog tsuas yog hais tias nws yog prescribes qhov zoo tshaj plaws hom ntawm ntau lawm thiab yuav ua li cas mus cuag cov khoom tsim thiab ntau lawm. Customization tsis tau sau tias hom kev tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws thiab yuav ua li cas los tsim cov khoom lag luam. Customization yog ib txoj hauv kev thiab ** txoj kev xav **, thiab cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim khoom tsuas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj hauv kev no thiab feem ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab siv hom kev xav hauv kev tsim khoom (tsim).
Txhua lub tuam txhab ua tiav tau ua raws li txoj hauv kev no thiab tsim kom muaj kev vam meej uas lawv tau tswj hwm los npaj lawv cov khoom kom lawv teb tau zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua lag luam. Customization tau hais nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav qhia tau hais tias yuav tsum tau npaj lub system nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm txo cov input qhov ntau thiab tsawg nyob rau hauv ntau lawm, nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov zis ntau thiab tsawg, thiab yog li nws ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm raws li ib tug mus kom ze.
Qhov no tau qhia txog kev hloov pauv loj hauv txoj kev tsim khoom, tab sis tseem, ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, txoj kev tsim khoom tsis tau hloov pauv. Tsuas yog lub koom haum zoo dua yog muaj.
Ntxiv thiab rho cov khoom
Kev tsim khoom dhau los yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom rho tawm. Hauv kev xyaum, qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib daim nrog qhov loj me dua qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom kawg raug coj mus thiab cov khoom raug tshem tawm ntawm daim, kom txog rau thaum cov khoom raug coj mus rau qhov kawg qhov ntev. Hom kev tsim khoom no tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no. Tau kawg, muaj kev zam, xws li cov khoom tau txais los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm casting, tshuab, embossing thiab cov zoo li, tab sis cov txheej txheem no tsis muab txaus “tom qab” kev ywj pheej hauv kev tsim cov khoom, tab sis raug txwv los ntawm kev npaj yav dhau los (cov qauv, cov khoom siv, thiab lwm yam).
Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm muab los ntawm 3D luam ntawv yog raws nraim qhov opposite ntawm txoj kev hais thiab muab ntau lawm los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim khoom no yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom kom txog rau thaum qhov kawg qhov ntev tau txais.
3D print
Kom txog rau thaum ob peb xyoos dhau los, txoj hauv kev no zoo li kev tshawb fawb tsis tseeb, tab sis nws yog engineering uas tau pab txhawb rau kev pib hom kev tsim khoom no. Nyob rau hauv peb-dimensional luam ntawv, ib yam khoom yog tsim los ntawm successively thov txheej ntawm cov khoom. Nws ua rau kev tsim cov khoom thiab cov khoom sib dhos los ntawm ntau yam khoom sib txawv, nrog rau cov khoom sib txawv thiab lub cev (Wikipedia, 2015).
Yog tias peb delve rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm 3D luam ntawv, nws tuaj yeem muaj txij li hnub ntawm “cov ntaub ntawv ua kua”, tab sis engineering tau pab txhawb rau qhov tseeb tias kev sib xyaw ntawm CNC [1] tshuab thiab ib qho extruder zoo tib yam (uas tuaj yeem thawb qee yam khoom siv) ua rau muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim cov duab, uas muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv. 1.
Duab 1 - Kev sib xyaw ntawm CNC tshuab thiab yas extruder (Cardboard txiav ntawm cnc,2015) (Dab Tsi Tshiab Hauv Ntiaj Teb ntawm3D Printing? ,2015)(3D luam ntawv,2015)
Tau kawg, lub sijhawm dhau los, ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm hom no thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev koom nrog cov txheej txheem tau tsim, qhov twg zoo dua tiav tas li, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tau qhia thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv lawv tus kheej tau txhim kho. Peb kuj yuav tsum tau hais txog lub tshuab luam ntawv uas tau nthuav tawm tom qab ntawm lub tuam txhab Carbon3D, uas nws cov neeg tsim khoom tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab “Terminator 2”, qhov twg cov khoom uas tau muab rho tawm los ntawm cov kua resin zoo li tus (daim duab 2). Raws li ib tug ntawm cov tsim ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv no, Joseph DeSimone, hais tias, 3D tshuab luam ntawv yog tiag tiag 2D tshuab luam ntawv uas rov ua cov txheej txheem ntau zaus, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawd tau siv sijhawm ntev rov qab los. Lub tshuab luam ntawv no “tsuas yog” rub tag nrho cov khoom los ntawm cov kua dej, preformed nrog kev pab ntawm lub teeb, thiab raws li lub hauv paus ntawm lub sij hawm muab los ntawm 25 mus rau 100 lub sij hawm sai luam ntawv (Carbon3D, 2015).
Duab 2 - Lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm 3D ntawm Carbon 3D tshuab luam ntawv. (Carbon3D, 2015)
3D luam ntawv thiab ntau lawm
Nws tuaj yeem pom tias nws siv li cas3D tshuab luam ntawv kis mus rau tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev lag luam, yog li tam sim no muaj twb tau luam tawm lub cev qhov chaw, tsheb plhaub, cutlery, wardrobe, thiab txawm lub tsev thiab lub tsev, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li Boeing niaj hnub no prints ntau tshaj20 000qhov chaw rau koj lub dav hlau (DICKEY,2015).
Raws li cov thev naus laus zis no pheej yig dua thiab siv tau ntau dua, cov kws tshaj lij hauv daim teb no kwv yees tias hom kev tsim khoom no yuav txav los ntawm kev lag luam mus rau cov neeg siv khoom. Nrog 3D tshuab luam ntawv, tib neeg yuav muaj peev xwm tsim lawv tus kheej qauv, hloov cov uas twb muaj lawm thiab hloov cov khoom rau lawv cov kev xav tau. Koj tuaj yeem pom ntau tus qauv dawb hauv Is Taws Nem, uas tuaj yeem rub tawm thiab luam tawm ncaj qha.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb saib cov piv txwv banal, ntau tus neeg niaj hnub no muaj “zoo tib yam” 2D tshuab luam ntawv hauv lawv lub tsev, tab sis tseem muaj cov tshuab luam ntawv, thiab txawm tias cov tshuab luam ntawv luam tawm hauv tshuab luam ntawv. Nws yuav zoo ib yam nrog 3D tshuab luam ntawv. Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov no, qee qhov yog:
- kev lag luam vim li cas, vim tias kev tsim khoom loj tseem pheej yig dua tus kheej;
- qhov ua tiav zoo dua, uas feem ntau cov tib neeg yuav tsis muaj cov xwm txheej rau cov kws tshaj lij;
- paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv, kev tsim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm software;
- muaj peev xwm ntawm tus kheej;
- kev txwv lub cev ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv.
Raws li kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom,3D-printing muaj infinitely ntau dua possibilities ntawm adapting cov khoom rau cov neeg xav tau kev pab, dua li muaj peev xwm muab cov tsoos ntau lawm raws li kev tshem tawm cov khoom. Tab sis los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom pom, nws ua rau kev tsim khoom yam tsis muaj ntau tshaj (khoom siv), txo cov cav tov, txo cov nqi cia, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, tseem muaj chaw rau cov kev hloov kho saum toj no, qhov twg cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem tsim ua ntej, uas cov duab xav tau tuaj yeem luam tawm thiab ntxiv rau cov neeg siv khoom, nrog rau kev xa khoom ceev thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj peev xwm tawm ntawm cov khoom tsis tiav yuav raug qhib, qhov twg nws yuav xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom xws li, thiab cov neeg siv khoom kuj tseem tuaj yeem luam cov khoom nrog nws lub tshuab luam ntawv.
Hauv qab no yog ob peb yam piv txwv tau txais3D hauv print
** Cov ntawv ntxiv1** - Lub tuam txhab Suav WinSun, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim tsev nrog3D thev naus laus zis, “luam tawm” nws thawj lub tsev ntau zaj dab neeg
Duab 3 - Lub Tsev Luam Ntawv - http://svetzanimljivosti.com/zgrada-iz-stampaca-prva-visespratnica-po-3d-tehnologiji/
Duab 4 - Sab hauv ntawm lub tsev luam ntawv -http://kiko-unico.com.hr/hocemo-li-u-skoroj-buducnosti-printati-stambene-objekte-luksuzne-vile/
_** Cov ntawv ntxiv2** _- Lub tuam txhab Local Motors tau tsim lub tsheb uas cov qauv tsim thiab lub cev raug luam tawm3D tshuab luam ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv ntxiv tau muab tso rau hauv lub tsheb
Duab 5 - Lub tsheb uas nws cov khoom tau luam tawm -http://www.b92.net/automobili/razno.php?yyyy=2015&mm=01&nav\_id=946245
** Cov ntawv ntxiv3**-3D phom thiab rab yaj phom
Duab 6 -3d phom - http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2295283/3D-printing-gunsmiths-make-blueprints-available-free-download-granted-firearms-licence.html
Duab 7 - http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-22421185
** Cov ntawv ntxiv4**- 3D caj npab rau cov neeg tsis taus
Duab 8 -3D arm -http://edition.cnn.com/2014/04/14/tech/innovation/carpenter-fingers-robohand-3-d/
** Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom: ** Cov piv txwv keeb kwm, kev kwv yees, kev sib piv ceev thiab cov lus tshaj tawm hauv tuam txhab tsis yog qhov hloov pauv rau qhov kev sib piv ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem yog nyob ntawm lub tshuab, cov khoom siv, qhov cua, qhov kub thiab txias, kev ua haujlwm, lub hom phiaj ntawm ib feem thiab cov kws tshaj lij kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb.
Sources
3D printing. (2015, 4 14). Tau txais los ntawm Wikipedia, phau ntawv dawb ceev: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
Carbon3D. (2015, 04 5). Rov qab los ntawm Carbon3D | CLIP Technology - Breakthrough technology centered on tunable photochemical process for layerless 3D printing:: http://carbon3d.com/
DICKEY, M. R. (2015, 4 15). Hope You Trust 3D Printers — Boeing Siv Lawv Los ‘Print’ Yam Rau Nws Cov Dav Hlau. Retrieved from Business Insider: http://www.businessinsider.com/
Kaku, D. M. (2011). Physics ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej.
Cardboard txiav ntawm cnc. (2015, 4 14). Tau txais los ntawm elitesecurity.org - web forums: http://www.elitesecurity.org/t415702-0
Suzić, N. (. (n.d.). Novi Sad.
Dab tsi tshiab hauv ntiaj teb ntawm 3D Printing? . (2015, 4 14). Retrieved los ntawm Brit + co: http://www.brit.co/3d-june/
Wikipedia. (2015, 04 12). 3D stamp. Tau txais los ntawm Wikipedia: http://sr.wikipedia.org/sr-el/3%D0%94_%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0
[1] CNC (eng. computer numerical control) yog lub tshuab uas siv cov kev sib koom ua ntej nkag rau nws txoj kev txav mus los, uas tau nkag mus nyob ntawm qhov xav tau txoj haujlwm hauv kev tswj xyuas kev tswj xyuas.