Lintlha tse amanang: Lifensetere tsa lehong tse entsoeng ho latela morero oa hau. · Fensetere tsa aluminium tse entsoeng ka lehong. · Lifensetere tse ikhethileng tsa matlo, merero le thepa e tsoang kantle. · Mamati a entsoeng ka lehong le aluminium a entsoeng ka lehong. · Romela kopo ea qotso.
Tlhokomeliso ea bohlokoa ea polokeho: mekhoa le litlolo tse hlalositsoeng li tsoa mohloling oa nalane ’me ha lia lokela ho sebelisoa e le tataiso ea sejoale-joale. Lik’hemik’hale tsena li ka beha kotsi e kholo ho bophelo bo botle, tikoloho le polokeho ea mollo. Se ke oa kopanya kapa oa sebelisa ntle le leqephe le nepahetseng la lintlha tsa polokeho, tlhahlobo ea kotsi, tlhokomelo ea setsebi, moea o lekaneng le lisebelisoa tsa ts’ireletso. Bakeng sa masela, latela phatlalatso ea moetsi ’me u ikopanye le setsebi sa dry cleaner; melaoana e nepahetseng le litaelo tsa barekisi li sebetsa bakeng sa lits’ebetso tsa indasteri.
Dry Cleaning
Melao-motheo e ka sehloohong: haeba lesela le silafala, ho kgothaletswa ho hloekisa letheba hang-hang, hobane matheba a macha a bonolo haholo ho a tlosa. Bakeng sa ho kenella ka potlako, sesepa le metsi a foofo hangata li lekane.
Mohato oa pele oa ho hloekisa ke: ho tseba hore na litšila li simolohile hokae (mohlala, mafura a meroho, liminerale, oli, tar, tsoekere, resin, glue, pente, rust, inki). Ka mor’a moo, mofuta oa masela o lokela ho thehoa (mohlala, boea, k’hothone, boea bo nang le k’hothone, silika ea cellulose, silika ea maiketsetso, perlon, nylon, orlon, PVC, line, hemp). Haeba tšimoloho ea masela e sa tsejoe, ho hloekisoa ha liteko ho lokela ho etsoa sebakeng se sa bonahaleng le ho netefatsa hore na moemeli ea sebelisitsoeng o na le phello e kotsi ho eona.
Kamohelo ea masela
Ho tloha lesela leo re le hloekisang, re ntša - ho tloha ka tsela e longitudinal le transverse - likhoele tse ‘maloa’ me ka tsona re etsa teko ea matla a metsi le teko ea mollo.
Ho fumana matla a metsi, re nka fiber e telele 15-20 cm, re e otlolle hantle ebe re kopa motho e mong ho tšoara bohareng ba fiber ka menoana e metsi. Haeba fiber e kolobisitsoeng e robeha bohareng, ke selulose, haeba ho se joalo, ke k’hothone.
Mokhoa o tiileng oa ho khetholla masela ke ho sebelisa lelakabe. Asbestos le likhoele tsa khalase ha li che. Masela a maiketsetso le silika ea acetate le tsona ha li che, empa lia qhibiliha. Likhoele tsa tlhaho ea liphoofolo (boea, moriri oa mmutla) li thata ho chesa, ka nako e ts’oanang li fafatsa hanyenyane, joalo ka ha mafura a chesa, ’me a ntša monko o kang ha moriri o chesa. Sehlahisoa se tukang ke molora o ikhohomosang, o moputsoa kapa o motšo, ’me o hobeha habonolo (Setšoantšo 1, Karolo 1).
Sebaka sa tšireletso: tlhaloso ea histori ea teko ea lelakabe hase memo ea ho hotetsa likhoele tse sa tsejoeng. Asbestos le lisebelisuoa tse ling tse sa tsejoeng ha lia lokela ho nkoa, ho khaoloa, ho chesoa kapa ho sebetsoa ntle le boitsebiso ba setsebi le mehato e behiloeng ea tšireletso.
Likhoele tsa tlhaho tsa meroho: k’hothone, line, hemp, tsa cellulose silika e tsoang ho viscose le cellulose e chesoa ka lelakabe le leholo. Ka mor’a ho chesa, ho sala molora o mosoeu, o moputsoa.
Tokisetso ea ho hloekisa
Ho hloekisa ho etsoa tafoleng e boreleli. Ha re itokisetseng: borashe bo hloekileng ba manala, phofo ea talcum, seponche, pampiri e monyang kapa sesefa, boea ba k’hothone, lesela le hloekileng le lesoeu le lik’hemik’hale. Lik’hemik’hale tse tukang (peterole, ether, joala) li lokela ho sebetsoa ka fensetere e bulehileng, hole le mollo, ’me ho hlokahala moea o molelele ka mor’a mosebetsi (setšoantšo 1, karolo 2).
**Setšoantšo 1. Teko ea fiber le ho itokisetsa ho hloekisa **
Ho kgothaletswa ho hlatsoa lesela pele o hloekisa, hobane ka mor’a ho hloekisa, letheba le tla nyamela, empa sebaka se bobebe se tla sala sebakeng sa ho hloekisa haeba lesela le sa hloeka. Tlas’a lesela re kenya 2-3 likarolo tsa pampiri ea sefa kapa e monyang, mohlomong lesela le lesoeu. Koala lesela le hloekileng ka lik’hemik’hale tse khethiloeng ’me, ho qala ho tloha moeling oa letheba, tšela lesela. Ha re tlositse boholo ba letheba, inela sebaka ka marotholi a seng makae a solvent, u siee metsotso e 2–3 m, ebe u omisa lesela ka pampiri ea sefa. Haeba ho hlokahala, sebelisa borashe bo bonyenyane ho lokolla likhoele tsa lesela ’me u li tlose hape ho qhaqha letheba.
Mekhoa ea Histori ea ho Tlosa Matheba
Mafura a liminerale le a liphoofolo
Haeba letheba le na le litšila tse ling, joale re tla etsa slurry ea talc le peterole (carbon tetrachloride, turpentine), eo re e sebelisang ka sekhahla se teteaneng ho senya. Re boloka pente holim’a letheba ho fihlela solvent e fetoha mouoane ’me phofo ea talcum e fetoha phofo. Re tlosa phofo ea talcum ka borashe. Haeba ho na le ntho e setseng ea letheba la mafura, re pheta mokhoa o tšoanang. Lik’hemik’hale li tla qhala litšila, ha talc, ka lebaka la hygroscopicity le ho monya ha eona, e tla itlama ka oli le litšila tse ling. Haeba talc e kolobile, e lokela ho omisoa pele.
Matheba a mafura a lieta a tlosoa ka turpentine kapa benzene, le ’mala oa tranelate ka hydrogen peroxide.
Matheba a lipstick a tlosoa ka joala, ebe sesepa le metsi a foofo, le ’mala o mofubelu ka hydrogen peroxide.
Matheba a tsoang litholoana, compote, lipompong tse tsoang masela a boea li hlatsuoa ka metsi a foofo le sesepa, ebe ka joala le formic acid. Haeba boea bo le bosoeu, re ka boela ra sebelisa hydrogen peroxide. Ka mor’a ho hloekisa, lesela le hlatsuoa hape ka metsi ho tlosa lik’hemik’hale tse feteletseng, tse ka senyang lesela.
Re tšoara masela a k’hothone ka hydrogen peroxide ka mor’a ho hlatsoa sesepa le ho hlatsoa ka metsi a chesang.
Re tlosa matheba a mafome ka oxalic acid. Kaha e chefo, re e nkela sebaka ka citric acid (15%), ke hore, ka sonic acid solution ea bisulfite.
Matheba a bakoang ke joang (chlorophyll stains) a tlosoa ka joala. Re tšoara matheba a khale ka joala bo hlapolotsoeng le ammonium hydroxide ebe re hlatsoa ka metsi a mangata a foofo.
Mmala oa litempe, linomoro, joalo-joalo, e ntšoa ka metsi a futhumetseng hoo e ka bang 60°C ka ho eketsoa joala. Empa ka joala ka boeona, hape e futhumetse ho 60°C, ether kapa chloroform, boholo ba ’mala bo ka tlosoa. Hlakola ’mala o setseng ka hydrogen peroxide. Ho hlokahala ho hlatsuoa haholo ho tlosa lik’hemik’hale tse feteletseng.
Matheba a tar a tlosoa ka xylene, toluene kapa benzene ebe metsi a sesepa.
Mabala a mofufutso a tlotsoa ka 10% ammonium hydroxide, ebe e hlatsuoa ka metsi kapa sesepa. Joale masela a masoeu a ka tšeloa ka citric acid kapa hydrogen peroxide.
Matheba a lipente tse mafura a hloekisoa ka varnish-peterole kapa oli ea turpentine. Re kenya libaka tse omisitsoeng ka turpentine ka lihora tse 2-4. ’Mala oa neutralization o etsoa ka hydrogen peroxide.
Polisi ea manala e tlosoa ka acetone kapa ether.
Matheba a lipene le enke a tlosoa ka joala, potassium carbonate kapa glycerin.
Matheba a lipente tsa nitro a tlosoa ka metsoako ea bona, ke hore, acetone. Re tlosa pente e setseng ka citric acid kapa hydrogen peroxide.
Haeba letheba la mali le le foreshe, le ntšoa habonolo ka metsi. Tlosa letheba le omisitsoeng ka 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, ebe 10% ammonia solution, ebe metsi.
Ho kenngwa ka masela
Mokhoa oa ho kenya letsoho, e le ho fihlela masela a sa keneleng metsi, ke ka tsela e latelang: qoelisa lesela ka tharollo ea motheo ea aluminium formate, mahloriso.2B °, joale re e pepesetsa ketso ea mouoane oa metsi (ha formate e senyeha) ’me ka mor’a ho omisa, re e tšepe.
Tokiso ea formate ea aluminium
U160dikarolo ka boima ba metsi a chesang34ka boima ba aluminium sulfate. Tharollong ea bobeli,60likarolo ka boima ba metsi, 16likarolo ka boima ba sodium carbonate (ntle le metsi a kristale). Litharollo tse lokiselitsoeng li tsoakane, precipitate e hlahisoang e arohanngoa ke ho hloekisa, ho hlatsoa le ho omisoa. Re qhibilisa pula ka hare15likarolo ka boima ba formic acid.
Li-raincoats li entsoe hore li se ke tsa kenngoa ke metsi ka tharollo ea0,35likarolo tsa aluminium sulfate le0,15likarolo tsa sodium carbonate. Aluminium sulfate e qhibiliha ka hare1,5hotetsa. metsi, le sodium carbonate ka hare0,5hotetsa. metsi a chesang. Kopanya litharollo tsena ka bobeli, sefa metsi a hlahang, qhala ka hare150 ml ea acid e formic le ho eketsa ho1000 ml. Re soak masela ka ho itokisa, mouoane holim’a metsi a belang, a omileng le a tšepe.
Re ka kenya mekotla ka potlako, li- windbreaker le masela a mang a sa utloeng bohloko ka tsela e latelang:50g/lit. futhumatsa tharollo ea sesepa sa potasiamo e nang le metsi ka har’a setshelo ho isa ho hoo e ka bang 40°Cle ho kolobisa thepa ka nako e khutšoanyane, joale ka hare60g/lit. tharollo ea alum e chesang2-3hora, ebe e omella, mohlomong tšepe.
Ho phaella masela - haholo-holo mariha - ke habohlokoa ho etsa lieta hore li se ke tsa e-ba le metsi.
Koetlisa litšepe tsa lieta ka motsoako o latelang:30g ea oli ea mohloaare,50g ea oli ea mohloaare40g ea parafine,20g ea stearin le10g ea resin qhibiliha, qhala boima bo qhibilihisitsoeng ka hare20g ea peterole le borashe kapa kolobisa soles ka boima bona.
Re tlotsa letlalo le ka holimo, re le silafatse ka motsoako o latelang:20g ea parafine,10g tallow,10g ea resin le10g ea oli ea tlhapi ka50 mRe qhibiliha l ea oli ea diminerale ebe re sebelisa tharollo e foofo.
Ho sebetsana le boea
Ha se hantle mosebetsi oa k’hemistri, empa ntho e tšoanang. Letlalo la diphoofolo tse ngata tse nyane le ka sebediswa bakeng sa ho lokisa boya, empa letlalo la meutlanyana e thapileng le e hlaha hangata le sebediswa.
Ke letlalo feela la mmutla o hlabiloeng mariha le loketseng ho lokisa boea. Boea ba lehlabula bo sebelisoa feela indastering ea likatiba.
Letlalo le otlolloa holim’a foreimi ea lepolanka ’me le omisitsoe ka har’a draf. Ha ea lokela ho pepesetsoa letsatsi le tobileng. Ho omisa ha hoa lokela ho ba ka tšohanyetso, hobane ho omisa ho etsahala ebe ho thata ho sebetsa.
Ho kolobisa ho reretsoe ho hloekisa boea ho tsoa litšila tsa mochine le ho khutlisetsa letlalong metsi a mangata ao a neng a e-na le ’ona nakong ea ho hlatsoa. Nakong ea24hora, boea bo kenngoa metsing ka mocheso oa kamore, ’me lera la loja le aroloa ka thipa. Joale boea bo kenngoa ka har’a motsoako oa metsi, oo ho thoeng o koahetse leihlo15makhetlo a boholo ba letlalo.
Sebopeho sa tomoso
40g/l letsoai la tafole,
0,5 ml / l ea lactic acid,
0,5 ml / l ea formic acid,
0,5 ml / l formalin, eketsa metsi ho fihlela ho1000 ml.
Re boloka boea ka tharollo e lokiselitsoeng ka tsela ena24hora ’me re e sebetsa hape ka thipa, re tlosa lera la loja hammoho le masala a mafura le nama.
Ho etsa matlalo
Tanning (canning) ea letlalo le tala e etsoa ka tharollo e latelang:
60g/l letsoai la tafole,
0,5 ml / l ea lactic acid,
2 ml/l sulfuric acid,
1 ml / l ea acetic acid le eketsa metsi ho fihlela ho1000 ml.
Seo se bolela e15litara ea dae e na le900dikgerama tsa letsoai,7,5 ml lebese,30 ml sulphurous (mohloding wa digitized lehokedi “i” ha le balwe ka phoso e le “1”) le15 ml ea asiti ea acetic. Tharollo e etsoa ka ho qala ka ho qhaqha letsoai la tafole, ebe o eketsa likarolo tse ling.
Boea bo bolokoa ka har’a dae matsatsi a mabeli ’me tharollo e tsokoa letsatsi le letsatsi4-5linako.
Ho tlotsa le ho nolofatsa
Ho roala boea ho etsoa ka emulsion, e entsoeng ka karolo e le ’ngoe e khubelu ea oli ea Turkey le 0,1 karolo ea oli ea diminerale. Motsoako ona o hlakotsoe ka metsi ka karolelano ea 2:1. Ho hlokahala hoo e ka bang halofo ea lithara ea emulsion e joalo bakeng sa letlalo le le leng la mmutla. Re sebelisa emulsion ka borashe kapa lesela, re sila ka lehlakoreng la letlalo la boea hantle. Kamora lihora tse peli, re omisa letlalo ka likamoreng moo mocheso o leng 30-35°C.
Boea bo lokisitsoeng ka tsela ena bo lokela ho sebetsoa ka mochini. E le hore re le nolofatse, re bilikisa letlalo ka libarele tse bilikang tse tšetseng mapolanka ka lihora tse ka bang tharo. Joale, ka lintho tse loketseng tse bonojoana, re kopanya boea, ka tsela e tšekaletseng. Ka mor’a ho luba, ho nolofala ho tsoela pele ka har’a libarele tse bilikang, tseo hona joale li nang le mapolanka a kolobisitsoeng ka peterole. Ka ho luba hape, ho bōptjoa ha boea ho phethehile.
Ho bentša ka lik’hemik’hale
Moko oa ho bentša ka lik’hemik’hale ke ho tlosa makukuno a manyane le mahoashe holim’a litšepe le ho etsa hore bokaholimo ba seipone bo khanye. Ho polishing ho etsoa “libateng” tse khethehileng.
Ho hlophisoa le ho tsepamisa mohopolo oa libate tsena ke tsa bohlokoa haholo, hobane haeba tlhokomelo e sa lefelloe ho sena, liphello tse fapaneng li ka finyelloa. Sulphuric, phosphoric acid le matsoai a fapaneng a litšepe tse boima li sebelisoa e le li-catalysts bakeng sa ho bentša.
Ho bentša ha mahoashe ha aluminium
70 wt. % asiti ea phosphoric,
22% sulfuric acid,
8% boric acid.
Mocheso 90°C. Nako ea ho penta 3-8 mmetsotso
Aluminium polishing
95 boima % phosphoric acid,
4,5 boima % nitric acid,
0,5 boima % nickel-nitrate.
Thempereichara ea ho hlapa 90°C, nako ea ho bentša 3-5 min.
Ho bentša holim’a tšepe
1000g ea 75% phosphoric acid solution,
400 g 70%–ha ho nitric acid,
600 g 95%-non sulfuric acid,
Kopanya le 192 g ya metsi.
Mocheso oa ho hlapa 100°C, nako ea ho bentša 5-10 min.
Ho bentsa koporo le koporo
600 ml 75% tharollo ea phosphoric acid,
200 ml 40 B°, nitric acids,
400 ml 98%-non-acetic acid le 10 g molasses.
Mocheso oa ho hlapa 25°C, nako ea ho bentša 1 min.
Bakeng sa ho bentša zinki le cadmium, re sebelisa 1/4-1/2% nitric acid solution.
Theknoloji ea ho bentša
Hotetsa metsoako ea bateng ho mocheso oa 90°C. Re beha lintho tseo re batlang ho li polisha ka kamoreng ea ho hlapela, re li tšoare metsotso e 3-8 m, re li ntše ebe re li hlatsoa ka metsi a futhumetseng, ebe re li omisa. Bakeng sa ho hloekisa lik’hemik’hale, re sebelisa lijana tse entsoeng ka likhalase tse sa cheng, li-ceramics kapa tšepe (e koahetsoeng (e koahetsoeng) ka PVC). Lintho li tlotsoa pele li belisoa. Haeba tšepe e na le silicon e fetang 2%, e ke ke ea belisoa ka lik’hemik’hale. Libaka tse bentšitsoeng ka lik’hemik’hale li loketse haholo bakeng sa ho tlotsoa le ho penta.
Tlhokomeliso ea ho qetela ea polokeho: lintlha tsa nalane, mocheso, le linako tse hlahang mongolong ona ha se mekhoa ea hajoale ea ts’ebetso. Ho hloekisa ka ho omisa, ho hloekisa letlalo le ho bentša liindasteri ho hloka lintho tse khethiloeng, lisebelisoa tse lumellanang, taolo ea mouoane, polokelo e sireletsehileng le ho lahla, basebetsi ba koetlisitsoeng le litokomane tse lumellanang le melao e sebetsang.