Hoʻohana ʻia ka pena ʻana i ka lāʻau i mea e hoʻololi ai i ka waihoʻoluʻu, ka ʻālohilohi, ke ʻano a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana o ka lāʻau me ke kōkua o kēia mau pena a me nā varnish, e hāʻawi i kahi hiʻohiʻona nani o waho a e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka pale ʻana i nā hopena o nā kumu o ka lewa (wai, nāwaliwali nā waikawa, alkalis, etc.). Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka ʻili o ka lāʻau e hoʻomoʻi nui i ka makuku, ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea o ka huahana i ko lākou ʻano a me nā ʻano a me ka lepo koke. Kāohi ka pena a me ka varnish i kēia. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona waho o ka uhi e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia a me ka maikaʻi o ke kamanā o ka ʻili o ka huahana a i ʻole ka mea.
Nā ʻano o ka uhi lāʻau
Wāhele ʻia nā ʻano pena a pau i ʻike ʻia i loko o ke aniani, opaque a me nā mea kūikawā.
Nā uhi ʻālohilohi
Loaʻa nā ʻāpana ʻālohilohi ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea nona ka ʻili lahilahi (ʻaila-resin a me nā uhi ʻuhane, nitrolacquers, polishes, etc.). ʻO nā huahana i hana ʻia mai nā ʻano lāʻau paʻakikī maikaʻi me kahi ʻano maikaʻi e uhi pinepine ʻia me nā ʻano varnish alohilohi.
ʻOpaque uhi
Loaʻa nā uhi opaque mai ia mau mea nona ka ʻili lahilahi ʻaʻole maopopo (ʻaila a me nā pena enamel, nitro enamels, perchlorvinyl enamels, etc.). ʻO nā mea i hana i kahi uhi opaque, nā pena i hana ʻia mai coniferous a me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe (pine, spruce, larch, fir, cedar, etc.).
Nā uhi kūikawā
ʻO nā uhi kūikawā (gilding, silvering, bronzing, metallization, decalcomania) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ua hoʻohana ʻia no ka uhi ʻana i ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa o ka mea a i ʻole kekahi o kāna mau ʻāpana, e like me ke kauoha.
Ke koho ʻana o ka uhi e like me nā kūlana o ka hoʻohana ʻana
ʻO ke koho ʻana o nā mea hana no ka pena a me ka varnish e pili ana i nā kūlana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huahana a i ʻole ka mea e hoʻohana ai. E like me nā kūlana o ka hoʻohana ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huahana hana kamana a me nā mea pono e pena ʻia a i ʻole ʻia i ʻekolu pūʻulu:
- nā huahana a me nā mea i ʻike ʻia i ka mana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kumu o ka lewa (nā puka a me nā puka makani, nā verandas, nā puka pā hale, nā ʻīpuka, nā pā hale i hana ʻia e ka hale hana, etc.)
- ʻIke ʻia nā huahana a me nā mea pākeke i nā hopena mechanical a me ka ʻaʻahu, pulu me ka wai. nā hoʻonā o nā ʻakika nāwaliwali, alkalis, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe (nā papahele, nā puka aniani o loko, nā puka makani, ka lumi kuke a me nā puka hale ʻauʻau, nā halepaku a me nā lumi holoi, nā alapiʻi, nā balustrades, etc.);
- nā huahana a me nā mea. ma kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka mālama maʻemaʻe (nā paia a me nā kaupaku i uhi ʻia me ka lāʻau one, nā panela, nā pilasters, nā kolamu, nā cornice, nā lako hale i kūkulu ʻia, veneered me ka lāʻau hanohano, nā hale elevator, nā puka o loko, veneered me ka lāʻau makamae, etc.).
ʻO ka hui mua o nā huahana a i ʻole nā mea e pena ʻia me nā pena masmrn a me nā enamels, perchlorvinyl enamels a me nā varnish momona; ka lua o ka hui me ka aila pena, nitroenamel a me nitropaints; ʻO ke kolu o ka hui me ka resin (waiʻona) varnish, polishes, grease varnishes a me nitro varnishes me ka polishing hope o ka ʻili.
Nā mea hana no ke pena kiʻi a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana
O ka pena pena a me ka ho’olele ’ana i nā mea pena e komo pū me nā varnish, nā mea pena kala, nā pena enamel momona, nā pena nitro a me nā varnish.
ʻaila hoʻomaloʻo no ka hoʻomākaukau pena
Firnis kahi huahana o ka hana ʻana i nā aila mea kanu, nā momona a me nā huahana kūlohelohe; ʻAʻole lākou i loko o nā varnish-resins e hiki ke hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale ma ka ʻili ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā pena a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā mea pono e pena ʻia. Wahi a ke kumu kumu, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka firnisis i ʻelua ʻano: firnisis i hana ʻia mai nā aila mea kanu a me nā momona a me nā firnisis i hana ʻia mai nā huahana organik. Hoʻohana ʻia nā varnish me ka ʻaila meaʻai - linseed a me ka aila hemp no ka haku ʻana i nā kala e hoʻohana ʻia e pena i nā huahana waho a me nā mea o nā hale o ka māhele I.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā varnish semi-natural (oxol, oxol-mixture, etc.) no ka hana ʻana i nā pena aila no ka pena ʻana i nā huahana o loko a me waho a me nā mea i hana ʻia me nā hale lāʻau, metala a maloʻo hoʻi o ka māhele II.
ʻO nā veneer artificial, e like me synthol, carbonol, slate veneer a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hana ʻana i nā kala i manaʻo ʻia no ke kala ʻana i nā huahana lāʻau o loko a me waho. He ʻala ʻoi a maikaʻi ʻole nā varnish o kēia ʻano.
Pigments a me ka mimi
Ua māhele ʻia nā mea pena kala i ʻelua pūʻulu: pigments a me nā mimi.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā puaʻa kūlohelohe (honua) a me nā mea hana (mineral) no ka hana ʻana i ka aila, enamel a me nā mea waihoʻoluʻu nitrocellulose, e hana ana i nā uhi opaque. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau puaʻa no ka hana ʻana i ka enamel aila a me nā pena nitrocellulose:
- bleach
- kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe oka,
- umbra (kala ʻeleʻele).
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā kumu kūlohelohe a me nā paʻakai metala no ke kala ʻana i ka ʻili o nā huahana a me nā mea lāʻau. ʻO nā manure organik, ʻo ka synthetic a me humus ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mimi synthetic i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka waiʻona a me nā mea hoʻonā kemika. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pena e hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai pololei a me ka acidic, a māmā loa a ʻaʻole mae, i ka pena ʻana i nā huahana kamana a me nā mea.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā stains mai nā hopena humus no ka kala lāʻau, i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoluli i ka lāʻau i nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole, e like me ka neʻe ʻana o ka hopena a me nā mea hoʻohui, e hāʻawi i ka ʻili, kahi i hoʻoluʻu ʻia, kahi kala i hāʻawi ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā paʻakai metala o ka hao sulfate, permanganate a me ka potassium bichromate e kala i nā ʻili lāʻau. Hāʻawi lākou i ke kala e like me ka leo a hohonu loa.
ʻO nā ʻeleʻele hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻeleʻele chestnut no ke kala ʻana i ka ʻili o ka lāʻau i kahi waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele o nā leo like ʻole a me ka ʻulaʻula no ke kala ʻana i ka lāʻau me kahi kala ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula.
ʻeleʻele lāʻau chestnut acid (ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana mai 1 a i 2 %) kala i ka lāʻau me ka waihoʻoluʻu chestnut o nā leo like ʻole.
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻeleʻele lāʻau ʻakika, ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻalani ʻalani, hāʻawi ka lāʻau i kahi kala mahogany. ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka hao sulfate a me ka potassium dichromate ma ka ratio 2 : 1 hāʻawi i ka beech a me ka lāʻau ʻoka i kahi kala maroon. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hohonu hohonu o ka leo kala, 10 g o ka calcined a i ʻole caustic soda i hoʻohui ʻia i 5% solution o ka wōnati stain no 1l o ka wai wai mimi. No ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻana i nā kani, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka saffron, nigrosin, acid red, a me nā puaʻa ʻē aʻe i ka nui o 0,5 g no 1l o ka solution kala.
No ke kala ʻana i ka lāʻau i nā kala like ʻole, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o kekahi mau metala, ʻo ia ka mālama mua ʻana i ka ʻili me ka wai wai o nā paʻakai o kekahi mau metala, a ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana me kahi wai wai o ka mea hoʻomohala. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā manaʻo like ʻole o nā hoʻonā metala a me nā mea hoʻomohala, hiki ke loaʻa ke kala i makemake ʻia o ka ʻili lāʻau. Ma ka pā.1hāʻawi ʻia kahi mea ʻai no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā paʻakai metala no ke kala.
| kalakala | ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka wai waihoʻoluʻu, % | |
|---|---|---|
| Lapaʻau kemika o ka ʻili lāʻau | Mea hoʻomohala | |
| No ka ʻoka | ||
| Maroon | Calcium bichromate1i4 | Maroon chrome K1i2 |
| ʻO Chestnut-hina, lāʻau wōnati hoʻohālike | Copper sulfate2 | chrome ʻōmaʻomaʻo3K-1 |
| ʻO Chestnut-ʻulaʻula, hoʻohālike mahogany | ʻO Chestnut no nā huluhulu0,5i1 | ʻAlani ʻakika1i2a me ka chromic acid potassium0,7i1 |
| No ka laau beech | ||
| Maroon | Ferrous sulfate2-4 | No ka hana ʻana i ka ʻili melemele maʻemaʻe1 |
| ʻOliva | Ka mea like | No ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻāina ʻōmaʻomaʻo1-1 |
| No ka paina | ||
| Maroon | resorcinol-1resorcinol-2 | Potasuma bichromate1-3 |
| ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, hoʻohālike mahogany | ʻO Chestnut no ka hulu0,5i1 | Copper sulfate1,5i3 |
ʻO ka hopena o nā mea kala mai nā paʻakai metala a me nā mea hoʻomohala ʻaʻole pono e loaʻa kahi mahana ma lalo25oC
Aila pena
ʻO nā peʻa aila he pāpaʻi, aia nā puaʻa a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha i hui pū ʻia me nā varnish maoli a i hui pū ʻia. I mea e loaʻa ai kahi hopena hana, pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka paʻi i ka firnis a hiki i ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana. Hana ʻia kekahi mau pena ma ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻonā mākaukau e hoʻohana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pena aila no ka pena ʻana i nā puka makani, nā puka, nā pahu. nā keʻena, nā papahele, nā panela, a pēlā aku
No ka pena ʻana i nā huahana a i ʻole nā mea keʻokeʻo, hoʻohana ʻia ka zinc bleach o nā brand M-00, B-2-00, B-2-0 a me M-3 hoʻohana ʻia; hana ʻia ka hope no ka hoʻohana ʻana. Pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka bleach zinc o nā lama ʻē aʻe i ka firnis, i lawe ʻia ma ka nui o 17 a i 28% o ke kaumaha o ka pena. Hana ʻia ka ʻōka māmā no ka hoʻohana ʻana.
I mea e loaʻa ai ka hopena hana o ka chestnut umber, pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka firnis, i lawe ʻia ma ka nui 35 a 40% o ke kaumaha o ka pena.
ʻO ka paʻi e hoʻolele ai i ka lāʻau i ke kala ʻelepani pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka firnis, i lawe ʻia ma kahi nui 35 i 40% o ke kaumaha o ka pena.
Nā pena enamel a me ka nitro
ʻO nā pena enamel nā hui o nā puaʻa me nā lacquers pili, mākaukau no ka hoʻohana. Wahi a ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea hoʻopili, ua māhele ʻia lākou i ka glyphosate oily, pentaphthalic, perchlorvinyl a me bituminous. Hana ʻia nā pena enamel _ ma nā ʻano kala like ʻole.
ʻO nā peʻa Nitro (nitro enamels) he colloidal solutions o nitrocellulose, resin a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik volatile me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā puaʻa a me nā plasticizers. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka pena ʻana i ka lāʻau, metala, nā paia i hoʻomaloʻo ʻia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole like me ka aila a me ka pena enamel, hiki iā lākou ke maloʻo koke (20i30 minuta), kū’ē i nā hopena o ka wai, nā waikawa nāwaliwali a me nā alkalis, ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana e ka pipi ʻana, e hoʻonui ai i ka huahana o kēia mau hana.5i10manawa.
Hoʻopuka ka ʻoihana pena a me ka varnish i nā pena nitro i nā ʻano kala like ʻole. I mea e loaʻa ai kahi hopena, kūpono e hoʻopili ʻia me kahi sprayer, pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i ka pena nitro10i30%ma ke kaumaha o ka solvent No646. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā wahi lāʻau ma mua o ka pena ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka gruncl No622kala hina, primer DD-113, kohola AS-30a me kohola MBŠ. Inā ʻaʻohe kumu mua i hana ʻia e ka hale hana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pena nitro, kahi e hoʻohui ʻia ai kahi puaʻa o ke kala kūpono.
Lacquers, polishes a me ka priming
Hoʻohana ʻia nā varnish oil-resin, nitro varnishes, alcohol varnishes a me nā polishes e pena i ka lāʻau i ke kala maoli a i ʻole ke kala kala; he mau uhi alohilohi kēia, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ke ʻano o ka lāʻau. Hiki i nā Nitro varnishes ke maloʻo wikiwiki (20i30 minuta), no laila pono lākou e hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā lumi kūikawā me ka ventila, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pū puhi. Hoʻopili ʻia nā varnish ʻē aʻe a me nā poli me ka pulupulu a i ʻole ka pā.
No ka hana ʻana i nā poli me ka shellac a i ʻole no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana iā lākou, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā ʻuhane me ka ikaika o80i90o.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kumu mua no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻili o ka lāʻau ke mālama ʻia me ka ʻaila-resin a me nā lacquers spirit a me nā nitrolacquers: kamana (OST3180), keina (TU MHP2120-49) a me ka casein-rosin no nā nitrolacquers (TU MHP345-41). Hana ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻili o ka lāʻau no ka hoʻoliʻi ʻana me ka shellac polish10%me ka hopena o ka shellac i ka waiʻona.
Hoʻopau i nā puka makani a me nā puka
Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei i nā hoʻonā i hana ʻia me ka hoʻopau maikaʻi a me ka pale lāʻau, e nānā i kā mākou mau puka makani lāʻau, puka mua a i ʻole mākou hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou no kahi ʻōlelo.