Kupenda huni saka kunoitwa kuitira kuti uchinje ruvara, kupenya, kugadzirwa uye kusunungurwa kwehuni nerubatsiro rwependi iyi uye varnishes, kuti ipe chimiro chakanaka chekunze uye kuita kuti kudzivirirwa kunopesana nemigumisiro yemhepo yemhepo (mvura, isina simba acids, alkalis, nezvimwewo). Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti pamusoro pehuni inobata zvakanyanya unyoro, sechikonzero chekuti zvinhu zvechigadzirwa zvinoshandura chimiro chavo uye zviyero uye zvinosvibisa nekukurumidza. Pendi uye varnish zvinodzivirira izvi. Kuonekwa kwekunze kwekuputira kunoenderana nehutano hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa uye kunaka kwekuveza kwepamusoro pechigadzirwa kana chinhu.
Mhando dzehuni dzehuni
Marudzi ese ependi nemavhanishi akasanganikwa nazvo akakamurwa kuita zvinoonekera, opaque uye zvakakosha.
Mbatya dzakajeka
Machira akajeka anowanikwa kana uchishandisa zvinhu zvine mutete wakajeka (oiri-resin uye mweya coatings, nitroacquers, polishes, nezvimwewo). Zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa kubva kumhando dzehuni dzakaomarara dzine mavara akanaka zvinowanzoputirwa nemavhanishi akasiyana siyana anoonekera.
Opaque coatings
Opaque machira anowanikwa kubva kune zvinhu zvakadaro izvo zvakatetepa tambo isina kujeka (mafuta uye enamel pendi, nitro enamels, perchlorvinyl enamels, nezvimwewo). Zvishandiso zvinoumba jira re opaque, pendi inogadzirwa kubva kune coniferous uye mamwe marudzi ehuni (pine, spruce, larch, fir, misidhari, nezvimwewo).
Special coatings
Special coatings (gilding, silvering, bronzing, metallization, decalcomania) nezvimwe. inoshandiswa pakuputira nzvimbo yose yechinhu kana zvimwe zvezvikamu zvayo, maererano nehurongwa.
Sarudzo yekupfeka zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushandiswa
Sarudzo yezvigadzirwa zvekupenda uye varnishing zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushandiswa umo chigadzirwa kana chinhu chichashandiswa. Zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekubiridzira, zvigadzirwa zvekuveza uye zvinhu zvinoda kupendwa kana kuvezwa zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka matatu:
- zvigadzirwa uye zvinhu zvinoratidzwa kune pesvedzero yekuchinja zvinhu zvemuchadenga (magonhi nemahwindo, maverandas, balcony magonhi, magedhi, fekitori-akagadzirwa imba madziro, nezvimwewo)
- zvigadzirwa uye zvimedu zvebhakiti zvinoratidzwa kune zvemakanika pesvedzero uye kupfeka, kunyorova nemvura. zvigadziriso zveasina simba acids, alkalis, nezvimwewo (pasi, mahwindo emukati mahwindo, sill window, kicheni nemasuo ekugezera, zvimbuzi uye makamuri ekuwachira, masitepisi, balustrades, nezvimwewo);
- zvigadzirwa uye zvinhu. pane iyo nguva nenguva inogadziriswa yehutsanana (madziro uye sirin’i akafukidzwa nejecha plywood, mapaneru, pilaster, makoramu, makoni, yakavakirwa-mukati fenicha yemumba, yakashongedzwa nematanda anokudzwa, makabati ekusimudza, magonhi emukati, akashongedzwa nehuni hunokosha, nezvimwewo).
Boka rekutanga rezvigadzirwa kana zvinhu zvinofanira kuvezwa nependi masmrn uye enamels, perchlorvinyl enamels uye mafuta varnishes; boka rechipiri rine pendi yemafuta, nitroenamel uye nitropaints; boka rechitatu rine resin (doro) varnishes, polishes, grease varnishes uye nitro varnishes nekuzotevera kupenya kwepamusoro.
Zvishandiso zvekupenda uye varnishing
Painting and varnishing materials zvinosanganisira mavhanishi, zvinorarisa, pendi dzakakora enamel, pendi dze nitro nemavhanishi.
kuomesa mafuta mabhainda ekugadzirira pendi
Firnis chigadzirwa chekugadzirwa kwemafuta emiriwo, mafuta uye organic zvigadzirwa; hazvina varnish-resin inogona kugadzira firimu rinodzivirira pamusoro mushure mekuomeswa uye rinoshandiswa pakugadzira uye diluting pendi pamwe chete nepriming nzvimbo dzinoda kupendwa. Zvinoenderana neiyo yakakosha zvinhu, firnisis yakakamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: firnisis inogadzirwa nemafuta emiriwo nemafuta uye firnisis inogadzirwa kubva kune organic zvigadzirwa. Varnishes yakagadzirwa nemafuta emiriwo - linseed uye hemp mafuta anoshandiswa pakuumbwa kwemavara ayo achashandiswa kupenda kunze zvigadzirwa uye zvinhu zvezvivakwa zvechikamu I.
Semi-natural varnishes (oxol, oxol-musanganiswa, zvichingodaro) anoshandiswa kugadzira pendi yemafuta yekupenda mukati nekunze zvigadzirwa uye zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nematanda, simbi uye yakaoma plastered zvivakwa zvechikamu II.
Artificial veneers, senge synthol, carbonol, slate veneer nezvimwe. iwo anoshandiswa kugadzira mavara akagadzirirwa kupenda mukati uye kunze zvigadzirwa zvemapuranga. Mavarnish erudzi urwu ane kakunhuwirira, kusingafadzi.
Pigments uye weti
Zvishandiso zvekupenda pendi zvakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: pigments uye weti.
Natural (pasi) uye yakagadzirwa (mineral) pigments inoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwemafuta, enamel uye nitrocellulose coloring materials, izvo zvinogadzira opaque coatings. Mavara anotevera anonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira enamel yemafuta uye pendi yenitrocellulose:
- zinc bleach
- ocher yemhando yepamusoro,
- umbra (ruvara rwakasviba).
Pigment ye organic mavambo uye simbi munyu inoshandiswa kupendesa pamusoro pezvigadzirwa uye zvinhu zvehuni. Pakati pemanyowa evhu, iyo yakagadzirwa uye humus ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa.
Synthetic weti yakakamurwa kuita soluble mumvura uye inonyungudika mudoro uye mamwe makemikari mhinduro. Pendi dzakananga uye dzine acidic dzinonyungudika mumvura, dzinokurumidza kupfava uye dzisingapere, dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukupenda zvigadzirwa zvekuveza uye zvinhu.
Mavara anoshandiswa kubva kune humus mhinduro yehuni ruvara, iyo inoshandiswa kudhaya huni nemavara akasiyana, zvichienderana nekusangana kwemhinduro uye zvinowedzera, izvo zvinopa iyo pamusoro, iyo yakadhayiwa, yakapihwa ruvara. Metal salt ye iron sulfate, permanganate uye potassium bichromate inogonawo kushandiswa kupenda nzvimbo dzehuni. Dzinopa ruvara rwakafanana nenzwi uye rinodzika zvakaringana.
Mavara anonyungudika nemvura anosanganisira tsvina yechestnut yekupendera pamusoro pehuni muruvara rwakasviba rwematoni akasiyana siyana uye ruvara rutsvuku rwekupendesa huni muruvara dzvuku-chestnut.
Acid chestnut stain (concentration kubva 1 kusvika 2 %) inodhaya huni muchestnut ruvara rwematoni akasiyana.
Misanganiswa yeasidhi maroon tsvina yehuni, asidhi yakatsvuka uye asidhi orenji mavara inopa huni ruvara rwemahogany. Musanganiswa we iron sulfate uye potassium dichromate mureshiyo 2 : 1 inopa beech neoak huni ruvara rwemaroon. Kuti uwane kudzika kuri nani kwemavara emavara, 10 g ye calcined kana caustic soda inowedzerwa ku 5% mhinduro yewalnut stain pa 1l yeweti solution. Kugadzirisa zvakanaka toni, safironi, nigrosin, asidhi tsvuku, pamwe chete nemamwe pigment anogona kushandiswa muhuwandu hwe 0,5 g pa 1l yemhinduro yemavara.
Kupenda nemunyu unonyungudika weimwe simbi kunogona kushandiswa kudhaya huni nemavara akasiyana, ayo anosanganisira kurapa pamusoro pekutanga nemushonga wemunyu weimwe simbi, uye mushure mekuoma neaqueous developer solution. Nekubatanidza kuenzana kwakasiyana-siyana kwesimbi mhinduro uye vagadziri, ruvara runodiwa rwehuni hunogona kuwanikwa. Mu tab. 1 resipi yekunyungudutsa munyu wesimbi yekupenda yakapihwa.
| Muvara | Kuiswa kwemushonga wedhayi, % | |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical kurapwa kwehuni | Developer | |
| Yemuoki | ||
| Maroon | Calcium dichromate 1 kusvika 4 | Maroon chrome K1ku2 |
| Chestnut-grey, kutevedzera walnut huni | Copper sulfate2 | Maroon chrome3K-1 |
| Chestnut-tsvuku, mahogany kutevedzera | Chestnut ye furs0,5ku1 | Acid orenji1ku2uye chromic acid potassium0,7ku1 |
| Zvemuti webeche | ||
| Maroon | Ferrous sulfate2-4 | Yekugadzirisa nzvimbo yakachena yero1 |
| Olive | Same | Kurapa pamusoro pegirini 1-1 |
| Yepaini | ||
| Maroon | Resorcin-1 Resorcin-2 | Potassium bichromate 1-3 |
| Red-maroon, mahogany kutevedzera | Fur Maroon 0,5 to 1 | Copper sulfate 1,5 kusvika 3 |
Kugadziriswa kwemavara emagetsi kubva kune inonyungudika simbi munyu uye vanogadzira haifanirwe kuve nekushisa pazasi 25oC
Pendi yemafuta
Pendi yemafuta mapendi, ayo ane pigment uye mafirita akasanganiswa neakasikwa kana akasanganiswa varnishes. Kuti uwane mhinduro yekushanda, iyo paste inofanira kunyungudutswa mufirnis kusvikira yave yakanaka zvakakwana kushanda nayo. Mamwe pendi anogadzirwa nenzira yekugadzirira-kushandisa-mhinduro. Mafuta pendi anoshandiswa kupenda mahwindo, magonhi, mabhokisi. makabati, pasi, mapaneru, nezvimwe.
Kupenda zvigadzirwa kana zvinhu zvichena, zinc bleach yemhando M-00, B-2-00, B-2-0 uye M-3 inoshandiswa; iyo yekupedzisira inogadzirwa yakagadzirira kushandiswa. Zinc bleach yemamwe mabhurendi inofanira kunyungudutswa mufirnis, inotorwa muhuwandu hwe 17 kusvika 28% yehuremu hwepende. Light ocher inogadzirwa yakagadzirira kushandiswa.
Kuti uwane mhinduro yekushanda ye chestnut umber, inofanira kunyungudutswa mufirnis, iyo inotorwa muhuwandu 35 kusvika 40% yehuremu hwepende.
Paste inopenda huni muruvara rwenzou inofanira kunyungudutswa mufirnis, inotorwa muhuwandu 35 kusvika 40% yehuremu hwepende.
Enamel uye nitro pendi
Enamel pendi misanganiswa ye pigment ine lacquers inoenderana, yakagadzirira kushandiswa. Maererano nekuumbwa kwezvisungo, zvakakamurwa kuva mafuta glyphosate, pentaphthalic, perchlorvinyl uye bituminous. Enamel pendi \ _inogadzirwa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzemavara.
Nitro pendi (nitro enamels) ndeye colloidal mhinduro dze nitrocellulose, resin uye volatile organic solvents pamwe nekuwedzera kwe pigment uye plasticizers. Iyo inoshandiswa pakupenda huni, simbi, yakaoma plastered masvingo, etc. Kusiyana nemafuta uye enamel pendi, vane pfuma yekuomesa nokukurumidza (20ku30 minuta), inopokana nemhedzisiro yemvura, isina simba acids uye alkalis, semhedzisiro yavanoiswa nekupfapfaidza, izvo zvinowedzera kugadzirwa kweaya mabasa.5ku10nguva.
Indasitiri yependi uye varnish inogadzira nitro pendi mumhando dzakasiyana dzemavara. Kuti uwane mhinduro, iyo yakakodzera kushandiswa ne sprayer, unofanira kuwedzera kune nitro pendi10ku30%nehuremu hwe solvent Nha646. Nekugadzira uye kuzadza huni huni usati wapenda, unofanirwa kushandisa gruncl Nha622grey ruvara, primer DD-113, whale AS-30uye whale MBŠ. Kana pasina fekitari yakagadzirwa, pende ye nitro inogona kushandiswa, iyo iyo pigment yemuvara wakakodzera inofanira kuwedzerwa.
Lacquers, polishes uye priming
Mafuta-resin varnishes, nitro varnishes, doro varnishes uye mapurisa anoshandiswa kupenda huni muvara rwechisikigo kana muvara toni; aya machira akajeka, kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwehuni kunogona kuonekwa. Nitro varnishes ine midziyo yekuomesa nekukurumidza (20ku30 minuta), saka dzinofanirwa kuiswa mumakamuri akakosha ane mhepo, uchishandisa pfuti yekupfapfaidza. Mamwe mavhanishi uye mapurisa anoshandiswa nebhurashi kana pad.
Pakugadzira mapurisa ane shellac kana kuti aitete, unofanira kushandisa mweya ine simba re80ku90o.
Aya anotevera maprimers anogona kushandiswa kuprimisa huni pamusoro kana uchinge wabatwa nemafuta-resin uye mweya lacquers uye nitroacquers: kuveza (OST.3180casein (TU MHP2120-49) uye casein-rosin ye nitrolacquers (TU MHP345-41) Priming yehuni pamusoro pekuporiswa neshellac polish inoitwa10%nemhinduro ye shellac mudoro.
Kupedzwa kwemahwindo nemagonhi
Kana iwe uchitsvaga mhinduro dzakagadzirirwa dzakagadzirwa nemhando yekupedzisa uye kuchengetedzwa kwehuni, tarisa yedu mahwindo emapuranga, gonhi repamberi kana isu taura nesu kuti uwane quote