Rinjiyeynta alwaax ayaa sidaas darteed loo sameeyaa si loo beddelo midabka, dhalaalka, qaabka iyo gargaarka alwaax iyadoo la kaashanayo rinjiyadaas iyo rinjiyadaas, si loo siiyo muuqaal qurux badan oo dibadda ah iyo si loo fududeeyo ka hortagga saameynta xaaladaha jawiga (biyaha, acids daciifka ah, alkalis, iwm.). Waxaa la og yahay in dusha sare ee alwaaxdu ay si xoog leh u nuugaan qoyaanka, taas oo keentay in walxaha alaabtu ay beddelaan qaabkooda iyo cabbirkooda oo si dhakhso ah u wasakhoobaan. Dahaarka rinjiga iyo varnish ayaa ka hortagaya tan. Muuqaalka dibadda ee dahaarka waxay ku xiran tahay tayada alaabta la isticmaalo iyo tayada nijaarrada dusha sare ee alaabta ama element.
Noocyada dahaarka alwaaxda
Dhammaan noocyada rinjiga iyo rinjiyada la kulma waxay u qaybsan yihiin hufan, mugdi iyo gaar ah.
Dahaarka hufan
Dahaarka daah-furnaanta waxaa lagu helaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo walxahaas oo lakabkooda khafiifka ah uu yahay mid hufan (saliid-resin iyo daboolka ruuxa, nitrolacquers, polishes, iwm.). Alaabooyinka laga sameeyay noocyada adag ee adag ee sharafta leh oo leh qaab quruxsan ayaa inta badan lagu dahaadhay faashado hufan oo kala duwan.
Dahaarka aan muuqan
Dahaarka dhogorta leh waxaa laga helaa walxahan oo kale kuwaas oo lakabka khafiifka ah uusan ahayn mid hufan (saliid iyo rinji dhaldhalaalka, dhaldhalaalka nitro, dhaldhalaalka perchlorvinyl, iwm.). Maaddooyinka sameeya dahaarka opaque, rinjiyeynta waxaa laga soo saaraa coniferous iyo noocyada kale ee alwaax ( geed, spruce, larch, fir, kedar, iwm.).
Dahaarka gaarka ah
Dahaarka gaarka ah (gilding, silvering, bronzing, metallization, decalcomania) iyo kuwa kale. waxa loo codsadaa in lagu dahaadho dhammaan dusha curiyaha ama qaybo ka mid ah qaybihiisa, sida uu u kala horreeyaan.
Doorashada dahaarka iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha isticmaalka
Doorashada qalabka rinjiyeynta iyo rinjiyeynta waxay ku xiran tahay shuruudaha ka faa’iidaysiga kaas oo alaabta ama walxaha loo isticmaali doono. Marka loo eego shuruudaha ka faa’iidaysiga, alaabta dhismaha nijaarrada iyo walxaha u baahan in la rinjiyeeyo ama la rinjiyeeyo waxaa loo qaybin karaa saddex kooxood:
- Alaabooyinka iyo walxaha u soo ifbaxa saamaynta isbeddelka xaaladaha cimilada (albaabada iyo daaqadaha, verandas, albaabada balakoonka, albaabada, gidaarada guryaha ee warshadda samaysa, iwm.)
- alaabooyinka iyo walxaha baaldigu waxay la kulmaan saamaynta farsamada iyo xidhashada, qoynta biyaha. xalalka asiidhka daciifka ah, alkalis iwm
- alaabta iyo canaasiirta. kaas oo dayactirka nadaafadda xilliyeed lagu sameeyo ( darbiyada iyo saqafyada lagu daboolay alwaax ciid ah, baalal, tiirar, tiirar, koorneyaal, alaabta guriga lagu dhex dhisay, alwaax sharaf leh, qolalka wiishka, albaabada gudaha, lagu xardhay alwaax qaali ah, iwm.).
Kooxda koowaad ee alaabada ama walxaha waa in lagu rinjiyeeyaa rinjiga masmrn iyo dhaldhalaalka, dhaldhalaalka perchlorvinyl iyo varnishes dufan; kooxda labaad oo leh rinji saliid, nitroenamel iyo nitropants; Kooxda saddexaad oo leh xabagta (khamriga) varnishes, dhaldhalaalka, varnishes dufanka iyo varnishes nitro oo leh suufka xiga ee dusha sare.
Qalabka rinjiyeynta iyo rinjiyeynta
Alaabta midabaynta iyo rinjiyeynta waxaa ka mid ah faashashka, walxaha midabaynta, rinjiga dhaldhalaalka dufanka leh, rinjiga nitro iyo varnishes.
Firnis
Firnis waa wax soo saarka saliidda khudradda, dufanka iyo alaabta organic; kuma jiraan varnish-resins kuwaas oo samayn kara filim difaac ah oogada sare ka dib marka la qalajiyo waxaana loo isticmaalaa diyaarinta iyo qasidda rinjiga iyo sidoo kale sagxadaha hore ee u baahan in la rinjiyeeyo. Sida laga soo xigtay alaabta ceeriin ee aasaasiga ah, firnisis waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba nooc: firnisis oo laga sameeyay saliidaha khudradda iyo dufanka iyo firnisis laga sameeyay alaabooyinka dabiiciga ah. Noocyo ka samaysan saliidda khudradda - linseed iyo saliid hemp ayaa loo isticmaalaa halabuurka midabada kuwaas oo loo isticmaali doono in lagu rinjiyeeyo alaabta dibadda iyo walxaha dhismayaasha qaybta I.
Duubabka-dabiiciga ah (oxol, oxol-mixture, iwm.) ayaa loo isticmaalaa samaynta rinjiga saliidda ee midabaynta gudaha iyo dibadda alaabta iyo walxaha ka samaysan alwaax, biraha iyo dhismayaasha malaasay qalalan ee category II.
Dahaarka macmalka ah, sida synthol, carbonol, slate veneer, iwm. waxa loo isticmaalaa samaynta midabada loogu talagalay in lagu midabeeyo gudaha iyo dibadda alaabta alwaax. Noocyada noocaan ah waxay leeyihiin ur fiiqan, oo aan fiicnayn.
Midabka iyo kaadida
Qalabka midabaynta ayaa loo qaybiyaa laba kooxood: midabyo iyo midabyo.
Midabka dabiiciga ah (dhulka) iyo macdanta (macdanta) midabada ayaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista saliidda, dhaldhalaalka iyo nitrocellulose qalabka midabaynta, kuwaas oo sameeya lakabyo mugdi ah. Midabka soo socda ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa soo saarista dhaldhalaalka saliidda iyo rinjiga nitrocellulose:
- zinc bleach
- ocher tayo sare leh,
- umbra (midab madow).
Pigments asalka dabiiciga ah iyo cusbada birta ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu midabeeyo dusha alaabta iyo walxaha alwaax. Digada dabiiciga ah, kuwa synthetic iyo humus ayaa ah kuwa ugu isticmaalka badan. Kaadida synthetic waxay u qaybsantaa mid biyaha ku milma oo ku milma khamriga iyo xalalka kiimikaad ee kale. Rinjiyeynta tooska ah iyo aashitada biyaha ku milma, kuwaas oo aad u fudud oo aan libdhin, ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa rinjiyeynta alaabada iyo walxaha nijaarka.
Wasakhyada waxaa loo isticmaalaa xalalka humus ee midabaynta alwaax, kuwaas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu dheehdo alwaax midabyo kala duwan, marka loo eego xoojinta xalka iyo waxyaabaha lagu daro, kuwaas oo siinaya dusha sare si loo midabeeyo midab la siiyay. Cusbada birta ee birta sulfate, permanganate iyo potassium bichromate waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa midabaynta sagxadaha alwaax. Waxay bixiyaan midab xitaa ku jira codka oo si qoto dheer u socda.
Wasaqda biyaha ku milma waxaa ka mid ah wasakhda xabadka si loogu midabeeyo dusha alwaax midab madow oo codad kala duwan leh iyo wasakh cas oo loogu talagalay in lagu midabeeyo alwaax midab guduudan oo laabta ah.
Biyaha xabadka dhanaan ee alwaax (xoojinta1ku2 %) wuxuu ku rinjiyeeyaa alwaax midab chestnut ah oo codad kala duwan leh.
Isku darka wasakhda alwaax maroon aashitada, casaanka aashitada iyo wasaqda oranji waxay siinaysaa alwaax midab mahogany ah. Isku dar ah sulfate ferrous iyo potassium dichromate saami ahaan2:1wuxuu siinayaa beech iyo alwaax geedkii midab maroon. Si aad u hesho qoto dheer oo ka wanaagsan midabka codka, gudaha5%xal wasaqda walnut ayaa lagu daraa10g oo ah soodhaha calcined ama caustic1l of xal kaadida. Saffron, nigrosin, acid cas, iyo sidoo kale molasses kale oo tiro ahaan ayaa loo isticmaali karaa si loo hagaajiyo dhawaaqyada.0,5Mr1l ee xal midabaynta. Si loo midabeeyo alwaax midabyo kala duwan, waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa cusbada milmi ee biraha qaarkood, taas oo ka kooban in lagu daweeyo dusha marka hore la xal aqueous of cusbada biraha qaar ka mid ah, iyo ka dib markii la qalajiyo xal aqueous ee horumariyaha. Marka la isku daro fiirsashada kala duwan ee xalalka birta iyo horumarinta, midabka la rabo ee dusha alwaax ayaa la heli karaa. In tab1cunto karinta lagu milo cusbada birta ah ee midabaynta ayaa la bixiyaa.
| Midabka | Xalka dheeha oo xoogga la saaray, % | |
|---|---|---|
| Daaweynta kiimikaad ee dusha sare ee alwaax | Horumariye | |
| Waayo geedkii | ||
| Maroon | Calcium bichromate1ku4 | Maroon chrome K1ku2 |
| Chestnut-cawlan, alwaax walnut ku dayasho ah | Copper sulfate2 | Maroon chrome3K-1 |
| Chestnut-cas, ku dayashada mahogany | Chestnut for dhogorta0,5ku1 | Orange acid1ku2iyo chromic acid potassium0,7ku1 |
| Waayo, geedka beech | ||
| Maroon | Ferrous sulfate2-4 | Si loo farsameeyo dusha sare ee jaalaha saafiga ah1 |
| Saytuun | Isku mid | Wixii daawaynta dusha cagaaran1-1 |
| Geed geed | ||
| Maroon | resorcinol -1resorcinol -2 | Potassium bichromate1-3 |
| Casaan-maroon, ku dayashada mahogany | Chestnut for dhogorta0,5ku1 | Copper sulfate1,5ku3 |
Xalka wakiilada midabaynta ee cusbada birta ah ee milmay iyo horumarinta waa inaanay lahaan heerkul ka hooseeya25oC
Saliida rinji
Rinjiga saliidda waa koollo, oo ka kooban midabyo iyo miirayaal lagu qasay varnishyo dabiici ah ama la isku daray. Si loo helo xal shaqaynaya, koollada waa in lagu milmaa firnis ilaa ay ka noqonayso mid ku filan in lagu shaqeeyo. Rinjiyeynta qaar ayaa lagu soo saaraa qaab xalal diyaar u ah in la isticmaalo. Rinjiga saliidda waxaa loo isticmaalaa rinjiyeynta daaqadaha, albaabada, sanduuqyada. armaajooyinka, sagxadaha, saqafka, iwm.
Si loo rinjiyeeyo alaabta ama walxaha midabka cad, sumadda zinc bleach M- ayaa la isticmaalaa.00, B-2-00, B-2-0iyo M-3; kan dambe ayaa la soo saaray oo diyaar u ah in la isticmaalo. Zinc bleach ee noocyada kale waa in lagu milmaa firnis, kaas oo la qaato tiro17ku28% laga bilaabo miisaanka rinjiga. Ocher khafiif ah ayaa la soo saaray oo diyaar u ah in la isticmaalo. Si loo helo xal shaqeynaya oo ah chestnut umber, waa in lagu milmaa firnis, taas oo la qaato tiro.35ku40%laga bilaabo miisaanka rinjiga. Xabagta midabaynaysa alwaaxda midabka maroodi-maroodiga waa in lagu qasaa firnis, taaso laga soo qaado tiro ahaan.35ku40%laga bilaabo miisaanka rinjiga.
rinji dhaldhalaalka iyo nitrooga
Rinjiga dhaldhalaalka waa isku dhafka midabada leh lacquers u dhigma, diyaar u ah isticmaalka. Sida laga soo xigtay halabuurka xirmooyinka, waxay u qaybsan yihiin glyphosate saliid leh, pentaphthalic, perchlorvinyl iyo bituminous. Rinjiga dhaldhalaalka _waxaa lagu soo saaraa midabyo kala duwan oo kala duwan.
Rinjiga Nitro (nitro enamels) waa xalal kolloidal ah oo nitrocellulose ah, xabagta iyo dareerayaasha dabiiciga ah ee kacsan oo lagu daro midabyo iyo caageeyayaal. Waxa loo isticmaalaa rinjiyeynta alwaax, birta, gidaarada malaasay ee engegan, iwm20ku30 minuta), waxay iska caabiyaan saamaynta biyaha, asiidhyada daciifka ah iyo alkaliska, taas oo keentay in la marsado buufinta, taas oo kordhisa wax soo saarka shaqooyinkan.5ku10waqtiyo.
Warshadaha rinjiga iyo varnish waxay soo saaraan rinji nitro ah oo midabyo kala duwan leh. Si loo helo xal, kaas oo ku habboon in lagu dhejiyo buufiye, waa inaad ku dartaa rinjiga nitro10ku30%Miisaanka dareeraha No646. Soo saarista iyo buuxinta sagxadaha alwaax ka hor rinjiyeynta, waa inaad isticmaashaa gruncl No622midab cawl, asal DD-113, nibiriga AS-30iyo nibiriga MBŠ. Marka aysan jirin qalab warshad lagu sameeyo, rinjiga nitro ayaa la isticmaali karaa, kaas oo midabka midabka ku habboon lagu daro.
Lacquers, polishes iyo priming
Dufanka saliida-resinka ah, varnishes nitro, varnishes alkohol iyo polishes ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu rinjiyeeyo alwaax midabka dabiiciga ah ama midabka midabka; kuwani waa dahaar hufan, iyada oo loo marayo qaabka alwaaxdu waa la arki karaa. Nitro varnishes waxay leeyihiin hantida ay si dhakhso ah u engegaan20ku30 minuta), sidaas darteed waa in lagu dabaqaa qolal gaar ah oo hawo leh, iyadoo la isticmaalayo qori buufin ah. Faallooyin kale iyo faashashyo kale ayaa lagu mariyaa burush ama suuf.
Si aad u sameysid polishes leh shellac ama si aad u khafiifiso, waa inaad isticmaashaa ruuxyo leh xoog80ku90o.
Qodobbada soo socda ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu nadiifiyo dusha sare ee alwaax marka lagu daaweeyo saliid-resin iyo lacquers ruuxa iyo nitrolacquers: nijaar (OST)3180), casein (TU MHP2120-49iyo casein-rosin ee nitrolacquers (TU MHP345-41). Qorista dusha sare ee alwaax si loogu nadiifiyo suufka shellac waa la sameeyaa10%oo leh xalka shellac ee khamriga.
Dhamaystirka daaqadaha iyo albaabada
Haddii aad raadinayso xalal diyaarsan oo tayo leh iyo ilaalin alwaax ah, eeg daaqadaha alwaaxda, albaabka hore ama annaga nagala soo xidhiidh xigasho.