N’ihi ya, a na-eme osisi ịse ihe iji gbanwee agba, na-egbuke egbuke, ọdịdị na enyemaka nke osisi site n’enyemaka nke ihe osise ndị a na varnishes, iji nye ya ọdịdị dị n’èzí mara mma na ịkwado nchebe megide mmetụta nke ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe (mmiri, acid na-adịghị ike, alkalis, wdg). A maara na elu osisi na-amịkọrọ mmiri nke ukwuu, n’ihi nke a na-eme ka ihe ndị dị na ngwaahịa ahụ gbanwee ọdịdị ha na akụkụ ya ma na-asọ oyi ngwa ngwa. Ihe mkpuchi agba na varnish na-egbochi nke a. Ọdịdị dị n’èzí nke mkpuchi na-adabere n’ịdị mma nke ihe eji eme ihe na ịdị mma nke ọkwá nkà nke elu nke ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ mmewere.
Ụdị mkpuchi osisi
A na-ekewa ụdị agba niile na varnishes zutere n’ụzọ doro anya, opaque na pụrụ iche.
mkpuchi mkpuchi transperent
A na-enweta ihe mkpuchi na-ekpuchi anya site na iji ihe ndị dị otú ahụ nke oyi akwa dị nro (mmanụ-resin na mkpuchi mmụọ, nitrolacquers, polishes, wdg). Ngwaahịa ndị sitere na ụdị osisi siri ike mara mma nke nwere ọdịdị mara mma na-ejikarị varnishes dị iche iche kpuchie ya.
mkpuchi opaque
A na-enweta ihe mkpuchi opaque site na ihe ndị dị otú ahụ nke oyi akwa adịghị akọwapụta (mmanụ na enamel agba, nitro enamels, perchlorvinyl enamels, wdg). Ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi na-adịghị mma, a na-emepụta ihe osise site na coniferous na ụdị osisi ndị ọzọ (pine, spruce, larch, fir, cedar, wdg).
Ihe mkpuchi pụrụ iche
Ihe mkpuchi pụrụ iche (gilding, silvering, bronzing, metallization, decalcomania) na ndị ọzọ. a na-etinye ya maka ikpuchi elu dum nke mmewere ma ọ bụ naanị ụfọdụ akụkụ ya, dịka usoro ahụ si dị.
Nhọrọ nke mkpuchi dịka ọnọdụ ojiji si dị
Nhọrọ nke ihe maka eserese na varnishing dabere na ọnọdụ nke nrigbu nke ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ mmewere ga-eji. Dị ka ọnọdụ nke nrigbu si dị, ngwaahịa na-arụ ọrụ nkà na ihe ndị dị mkpa ka a na-ese ma ọ bụ varnish nwere ike kewaa ụzọ atọ:
- ngwaahịa na ihe ndị na-ekpughere mmetụta nke mgbanwe ikuku ihe (ọnụ ụzọ na windo, verandas, ọnụ ụzọ mbara ihu, ọnụ ụzọ ámá, mgbidi ụlọ nke ụlọ mmepụta ihe, wdg.)
- ngwaahịa na ịwụ ihe na-ekpughere n’ibu mmetụta na eyi, wetting na mmiri. ngwọta nke acid na-adịghị ike, alkalis, wdg (ala ala, windo n’ime ime, windo windo, ọnụ ụzọ kichin na ụlọ ịsa ahụ, ụlọ mposi na ụlọ ịsa ahụ, steepụ, balustrades, wdg);
- ngwaahịa na ihe. nke a na-arụzi nlekọta ịdị ọcha nke oge (mgbidi na elu ụlọ kpuchie na plywood sanded, panels, pilasters, ogidi, cornices, arịa ụlọ arụnyere n’ime ụlọ, nke a na-eji osisi mara mma, ụlọ elevator, ọnụ ụzọ ime ụlọ, nke a na-eji osisi dị oké ọnụ ahịa, wdg).
Ndị mbụ nke ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ihe dị iche iche kwesịrị iji eserese mamrn na enamels, perchlorvinyl enamels na abụba varnishes; ìgwè nke abụọ nwere agba mmanụ, nitroenamel na nitropaint; nke atọ nke nwere resin (mmanya) varnishes, polishes, griiz varnishes na nitro varnishes na ụdi polishing nke elu.
Ngwa maka eserese na varnish
Ihe eji agba agba na agba agba gụnyere varnishes, ihe agba agba, agba enamel abụba, agba nitro na varnishes.
Firnis
Firnis bụ ngwaahịa nke nhazi mmanụ nri, abụba na ngwaahịa organic; ha enweghị varnish-resins nke nwere ike ịmepụta ihe nkiri nchebe n’elu mgbe ihichachara ma jiri ya mee ihe maka ịkwadebe na ịgbanye agba yana maka priming n’elu nke dị mkpa ka a na-ese. Dị ka isi ihe eji eme ihe, a na-ekewa finnisis ụzọ abụọ: firnisis sitere na mmanụ ihe oriri na abụba na firnisis sitere na ngwaahịa organic. A na-eji Varnishes nke mmanụ ihe oriri - linseed na hemp mmanụ mee ihe maka nhazi nke agba nke a ga-eji agba ihe ndị dị n’èzí na ihe ndị dị na ụlọ nke ụdị I.
A na-eji varnishes semi-eke (oxol, oxol-mixture, wdg) na-eme ka mmanụ mmanụ maka agba n’ime ime na n’èzí ngwaahịa na ihe ndị e ji osisi, metal na akọrọ plastered ụlọ nke Atiya II.
Artificial veneers, dị ka synthol, carbonol, slate veneer, wdg ha na-eji eme ka agba ezubere maka agba n’ime na mputa osisi osisi. Varnishes nke ụdị a nwere isi dị nkọ, na-adịghị mma.
Pigments na mmamịrị
A na-ekewa ihe ndị na-esiji esiji ụzọ abụọ: pigmenti na pigmenti.
A na-eji ihe ndị e kere eke (ụwa) na ndị na-emepụta ihe (mineral) eme ihe maka mmepụta mmanụ, enamel na nitrocellulose na-agba agba, bụ nke na-emepụta mkpuchi opaque. A na-ejikarị pigmenti ndị a eme ihe maka mmepụta mmanụ enamel na nitrocellulose paints:
- zinc bleach
- ocher dị elu,
- umbra (agba ọchịchịrị).
A na-eji pigments nke sitere na organic na salts metal mee ihe maka agba agba nke ngwaahịa na ihe osisi. N’ime nri nri organic, ihe sịntetik na humus bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe. A na-ekewa mmamịrị sịntetik n’ime mmiri na-agbaze na mmanya na ihe ngwọta ndị ọzọ. A na-ejikarị eserese na ihe ndị na-agbaze mmiri na-agbapụta ozugbo na acidic, bụ ndị na-adị ngwa ngwa na-adịghị agwụ agwụ.
A na-eji ntụpọ sitere na humus ngwọta maka agba agba osisi, nke a na-eji agba osisi na agba dị iche iche, dịka ntinye nke ngwọta na ihe mgbakwunye, nke na-enye elu ka a na-esiji agba agba. A pụkwara iji nnu ígwè nke ígwè sulfate, permanganate na potassium bichromate mee ihe iji agba elu osisi. Ha na-enye agba nke dị ọbụna na ụda ma na-aga nke ọma.
Mmiri na-agbaze mmiri na-agụnye ntụpọ chestnut maka agba elu osisi na agba gbara ọchịchịrị nke ụda dị iche iche na uhie uhie maka agba osisi na agba ọbara ọbara-chestnut.
Utoojoo chestnut mmiri maka osisi (ịta nke1ka2 %) na-ese osisi na agba chestnut nke ụda dị iche iche.
Ngwakọta nke unyi osisi maroon acid, uhie acid na unyi oroma na-enye osisi ahụ agba mahogany. Ngwakọta nke ferrous sulfate na potassium dichromate n’oke nha2:1na-enye beech na osisi oak agba maroon. Iji nweta omimi nke ụda agba ka mma, n’ime5%A na-agbakwunye ngwọta unyi ukpa10g nke calcined ma ọ bụ caustic soda1l nke mmamịrị ngwọta. Saffron, nigrosin, acid red, yana molasses ndị ọzọ n’ọtụtụ nwere ike iji mee ka ụda dị mma.0,5Maazị1l nke ngwọta agba. Iji esiji osisi dị iche iche na agba, ị nwekwara ike iji soluble salts nke ụfọdụ ọla, nke mejupụtara na-emeso elu mbụ na aqueous ngwọta nke salts nke ụfọdụ ọla, na mgbe ihicha na aqueous ngwọta nke Mmepụta. Site na ijikọta mkpokọta dị iche iche nke ngwọta ígwè na ndị na-emepụta ihe, enwere ike nweta agba a chọrọ nke elu osisi. Na tab.1Enyere uzommeputa maka igbari salts metal maka agba agba.
| Agba | Ntụkwasị ihe ngwọta agba agba,% | |
|---|---|---|
| Ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ nke elu osisi | Onye nrụpụta | |
| Maka osisi oak | ||
| Maroon | Calcium bichromate1ka4 | Maroon chrome K1ka2 |
| Chestnut-isi awọ, nṅomi osisi ukpa | Ọla kọpa sulfate2 | Maroon chrome3K-1 |
| Chestnut-acha uhie uhie, nṅomi mahogany | Chestnut maka ajị anụ0,5ka1 | Acid oroma1ka2na chromic acid potassium0,7ka1 |
| Maka osisi beech | ||
| Maroon | Ferrous sulfate2-4 | Maka nhazi elu dị ọcha edo edo1 |
| Olive | Otu ihe | Maka ọgwụgwọ elu akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ1-1 |
| Maka osisi pine | ||
| Maroon | resorcinol -1resorcinol -2 | Potassium bichromate1-3 |
| Reddish-maroon, nṅomi mahogany | Chestnut maka ajị anụ0,5ka1 | Ọla kọpa sulfate1,5ka3 |
Ngwọta nke ndị na-agba agba sitere na salts metal soluble na ndị mmepe ekwesịghị inwe okpomọkụ n’okpuru25oC
Agba mmanụ
Agba mmanụ bụ pasta, nke nwere pigmenti na ihe nchacha jikọtara ya na varnish eke ma ọ bụ jikọtara ya. Iji nweta ihe ngwọta na-arụ ọrụ, a ga-agbaze pasta ahụ na fir ruo mgbe ọ ga-adị mma iji rụọ ọrụ. A na-emepụta ụfọdụ agba n’ụdị ngwọta dị njikere iji. A na-eji agba mmanụ eme ihe maka eserese windo, ọnụ ụzọ, igbe. kabinet, ala, ogwe, wdg.
Iji tee ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị na agba ọcha, a na-eji zinc bleach brand M-.00, B-2-00, B-2-0na M-3; A na-emepụta nke ikpeazụ a kwadebere maka ojiji. A ga-agbazesị ịcha ọcha nke ụdị ndị ọzọ na firnis, nke a na-ewere n’ọtụtụ17ka28% site na ibu nke agba. A na-emepụta ocher ọkụ dị njikere maka ojiji. Iji nweta ngwọta na-arụ ọrụ nke chestnut umber, a ga-agbaze ya na firnis, nke a na-ewere n’ọtụtụ.35ka40%site na ibu nke agba. Ekwesịrị ịgbanye tapawa nke na-agba osisi dị na agba nke ọdụm na firnis, nke a na-ewere n’ọtụtụ.35ka40%site na ibu nke agba.
Enamel na nitro agba
Enamel agba bụ ngwakọta nke pigmenti na lacquers kwekọrọ, dị njikere maka ojiji. Dị ka ihe mejupụtara nke binders si dị, a na-ekewa ha na glyphosate mmanu mmanu, pentaphthalic, perchlorvinyl na bituminous. A na-emepụta agba enamel na agba dị iche iche.
Nitro paints (nitro enamels) bụ ihe ngwọta colloidal nke nitrocellulose, resin na ihe mgbaze organic na-agbanwe agbanwe na mgbakwunye nke pigmenti na plasticizers. A na-eji ha eme ihe maka eserese osisi, ígwè, mgbidi akọrọ akọrọ, wdg. N’adịghị ka mmanụ na enamel agba, ha nwere ihe onwunwe nke ihicha ngwa ngwa (20ka30 minuta), na-eguzogide ọgwụ megide mmetụta nke mmiri, acid na-adịghị ike na alkalis, n’ihi nke a na-etinye ha n’ọrụ site na spraying, nke na-abawanye mmepụta nke ọrụ ndị a.5ka10ugboro.
Ụlọ ọrụ agba na varnish na-emepụta nitro agba na agba dị iche iche. Iji nweta ngwọta, nke kwesịrị ekwesị ka a na-etinye ya na sprayer, ị kwesịrị ịtinye na agba nitro10ka30%site arọ nke ihe mgbaze No646. Maka priming na ijuputa n’elu osisi tupu eserese, ị kwesịrị iji gruncl No622agba ntụ ntụ, primer DD-113whale AS-30na whale MBŠ. Mgbe enweghị primer nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, enwere ike iji agba nitro mee ihe, nke a ga-agbakwunye ụcha nke agba kwesịrị ekwesị.
Lacquers, polishes na priming
A na-eji varnishes mmanụ-resin, varnishes nitro, varnishes mmanya na polishes agba osisi na agba eke ma ọ bụ na ụda agba; ndị a bụ ihe mkpuchi na-ekpuchi anya, site na nke a na-ahụ ụdị osisi ahụ. Nitro varnishes nwere ihe onwunwe nke ihicha ngwa ngwa (20ka30 minuta), ya mere, a ga-etinye ha n’ime ụlọ pụrụ iche na ikuku ventilashion, na-eji egbe ịgba. A na-eji ahịhịa ma ọ bụ pad mee ihe ndị ọzọ varnishes na polishes.
Maka ime polishes na shellac ma ọ bụ maka ịcha ha, ị kwesịrị iji mmụọ na ike nke80ka90o.
Enwere ike iji primers ndị na-esonụ maka ịkwanye elu osisi mgbe ejiri mmanụ-resin na mmụọ lacquers na nitrolacquers agwọ ya: ọrụ nkà (OST)3180), casein (TU MHP2120-49) na casein-rosin maka nitrolacquers (TU MHP345-41). A na-eme nhazi nke elu osisi maka polishing na shellac polish10%na ngwọta nke shellac na mmanya.
Mmecha windo na ọnụ ụzọ
Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ ihe ngwọta dị njikere na njedebe dị mma yana nchebe osisi, lelee anyị windo osisi, ọnụ ụzọ ma ọ bụ anyị kpọtụrụ anyị maka nkwupụta okwu.