Imigaqo esisiseko yokudibanisa iinkuni
Mhlawumbi sele uvile malunga nezindlu zamaplanga ezazakhiwe ngaphambili kwiindawo ezinenduli ngaphandle kwesikhonkwane esinye. Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezinjalo kufuna umonde nobuchule obuninzi ekuhlanganiseni iinxalenye. Umzekelo wezo zindlu usibonisa ukuba iindawo zokhuni zinokuthi “zilungelelaniswe” ngendlela enokuthi zihambelane ngokuqinileyo kunye kwaye kwangaxeshanye, zime ngokuqinileyo. Singaphinda sisebenzise oku kwimeko xa uxhulumaniso lulungisiwe: ngezikhonkwane, izikhonkwane zokhuni, iglue, iglue ebandayo, njl.
Ukuhlamba (Fig1, inxalenye1) ubamba umdibaniso kakuhle kuphela kwimeko xa yenziwa ngezikhonkwane ezimbini. Oku kusebenza nakwindibaniselwano eyenziwe ngezikrufu zokhuni. Ngokungqonge isikhonkwane esinye okanye isikrufu somthi iindawo zinokujikwa njengepivothi.
Amalungu enkuni
Ukudityaniswa kunye nongqameko
Eyona ndlela ilula yokudibanisa ukhuni i-lap joint, xa izinto ezimbini zihlanganiswe phezu komnye, kwaye i-joint is puttyed, ikhuselwe ngezikhonkwane okanye izikrufu zokhuni (umfanekiso 1, inxalenye 2a). Umdibaniso womelele ngakumbi ukuba umaleko omnye ususwe kwi-diagonally ukusuka kwindawo nganye ukuze i-slanted joint ye-Z ifunyenwe (Umfanekiso 1, inxalenye 2b). Ukuba umdibaniso uya kuba phantsi koxinzelelo kwindlela yokudibanisa, ke kungcono ukususa isiqingatha sobunzima ukusuka kwindawo nganye kwindawo edibeneyo kwaye wenze umdibaniso ngokoMzobo 1, inxalenye 2c. Eli lungu lingabamba isikrufu nje esinye ngokuqinileyo, kwaye ukutyibilika kwelungu kuthintela ukusika.
Umzobo 1 — Ukujikeleza kunye nesiseko somlenze, umphetho kunye nolwimi-kunye ne-groove joints.
I-toothed flap yenza ukudibanisa okuqinileyo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwezikrufu. Ukungalungi kolu luhlu kukuba ukudityaniswa kweziqwenga ezimbini kunokwenziwa kuphela ukusuka kwicala (umfanekiso 1, inxalenye 2d).
Kumaqhekeza amakhulu, kukhuselekile ukudibanisa nenotshi yomphetho okanye ulwimi kunye negroove (umfanekiso 1, inxalenye 3). Ukwenza umdibaniso, ulwimi lwenziwe kwisiqwenga esinye kwaye i-groove yenziwe kwelinye (ezi ntlobo zamalungu zenzeke ngemigangatho yokhuni okanye i-parquet). Ngala malungu, ukulingana kufuneka kube ngokuchanekileyo kwaye iindawo kufuneka zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo ngetshizi, isarha kunye neplani yeprofayili. Ibha enomphetho oqinileyo kufutshane nebhodi yomzobo iqhotyoshelwe ngale ndlela.
Ilula ngakumbi i-edge-notch joint, apho zombini iindawo zifakwe ngendlela efanayo. Kuphela inotshi yomphetho ekufuneka yenziwe apho kusetyenziswa isicwangcisi seprofayile.
Amalungu aneeplagi zomthi
Ukudibanisa ngeeplagi zomthi (umfanekiso 2, inxalenye 1) yenziwa ngeeplagi zomthi ezingqukuva okanye ezisikwere. Amalungu anjalo angabonwa kwiitafile kunye nezihlalo. Kwiiplagi ezijikelezileyo, ezihlulwe okanye zenziwe kwi-lathe, imingxuma iqhutywe kwinxalenye yesibini yokudibanisa. Kunokwenzeka ukubhoboza imingxuma kuzo zombini iindawo zomdibaniso kwaye wenze iiplagi ngokwahlukileyo kumthi onzima. Kubalulekile ukuba kukho ubuncinane iiplagi ezimbini kwindawo edibeneyo (ejikeleze iplagi enye kukho ithuba lokujikelezisa imathiriyeli njengokujikeleza i-shaft) kwaye imingxuma inzulu kunobude beeplagi. Kungenjalo, iplagi ixhomekeke ezantsi komngxuma kwaye umdibaniso awunako ukuqiniswa.
Iplagi eyenziwe ngetshizi (umfanekiso 2, inxalenye 2) inzima kakhulu ukuyenza kunye nomngxuma ofunekayo kuyo, kodwa iplagi enye kuphela yanele ukudibanisa neplagi eyenziwe ngale ndlela. Yenziwa kwiimeko apho inxalenye kufuneka ingajikelezi kwi-axis yayo. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukushiya ubukhulu obaneleyo malunga nendawo yokuvula ukuze indawo ingaphuki ngenxa yomthwalo.
Figure 2 — Amalungu aneplagi zomthi, ihobe kunye nolwimi kunye negroove.
Ijuba, intsiba kunye nomqolo
Ukubopha amaqhekeza amade ecaleni kwamacala, i-trapezoid joint (i-dovetail joint) isetyenziswe (Umfanekiso.2, inxalenye 3). Ukwenza lo mdibaniso kufuna umonde omkhulu kunye nesixhobo esihle. Isetyenziswa xa kudibanisa iishelufu. Ukungalungi okuphambili kolu hlobo lokujoyina kukuba ukudibanisa kunokwenziwa kuphela ukusuka kwicala. “I-dovetail” kufuneka ingene kwi-groove eguquguqukayo ukuya kwicala lemicu, ngaphandle koko kuya kubakho ukukrazula, ukuphulwa kwenxalenye edibeneyo.
Iziqwenga ezimfutshane ziqhagamshelwe kulwimi kunye negroove (Fig2, inxalenye 4). Amalungu amafutshane apha ayenziwe ngokufanayo kwiibhodi ze-pathos, kuphela apha zifutshane. Ifomu elungisiweyo yeli lungu lokudibanisa amaqhekeza amade lidibaniso esebenzisa amazinyo (Fig3, inxalenye1).
*Umfanekiso3— Ijoyinti enamazinyo, amalungu eengile kunye noqhagamshelo lweplagi kunye nephini.
Ikona kunye namalungu aqhawukayo
Kumalungu ekona, i-oblique ulwimi-kunye ne-groove joint isetyenzisiweyo (Fig3, inxalenye2) okanye uqhagamshelo lweplagi engunxantathu okanye iplagi encanyathiselwe ngaphandle encanyathiselwe ukuqinisa unxantathu (Umfanekiso.3, inxalenye3). Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ekwenzeni iifreyimu zemifanekiso.
Amalungu anokuthi aqhawuke ngaphandle kobunzima enziwe ngeplagi kunye ne-wedge (Fig3, inxalenye4). Baqinisa kwaye bakhulule ngokuthanda.
Ukuba ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu asikwazi ukwenza i-plug-and-pin joint, ngoko ikhonkco eliqinileyo linokuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa isikhonkwane somthi esiqinileyo kunye ne-angle phakathi.2kwaye5° okanye isikhonkwane sentsimbi, iihamile kwiplagi efakwe ngaphambili kwindawo yokuvula (Fig4, inxalenye1). I wedge isasaza iplagi kwaye ngoko yomeleza umdibaniso. Umzekelo wolu qhagamshelo kukuncamatheliswa kwentloko yehamile kwisiphatho. Iplagi kufuneka ime kunye ne-blade eqhelekileyo ukuya kwicala lemicu zombini kwindawo yokuvula kunye neplagi, ngaphandle koko, endaweni yokudibanisa, ukudibanisa kunokuqhekeka.
Ukuhanjiswa komthwalo
Inkxaso kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemikhosi kwimiqadi
Okokugqibela, siza kubonisa imizekelo emininzi yolwakhiwo oluzixhasayo. Emfanekisweni4, inxalenye2, unokubona i-oblique beam. I-beam ekhutshwe ngale ndlela ayiyi kuphuma kwiikholomu, kwaye imikhosi eyenzeka kwiinkxaso eziqhelekileyo kwi-axis ye-longitudinal kwaye ayibangeli ukugoba kwe-oblique yeekholomu.
*Umfanekiso4- Ukulungisa iplagi kunye ne-wedge kunye nemikhosi yokudlulisa kwi-beam joints.
Emfanekisweni4, inxalenye3, ukwayame komqadi othe tye kuwo othe tye kuyaboniswa. Ngoxhulumaniso olunjalo, i-oblique force ihlukaniswe ibe yi-horizontal and vertical. Amandla athe nkqo asebenza kumqadi obekwe ngokuthe tye, ngelixa amandla axwesileyo asebenza “kwimpumlo” yomthi. Xa ubumba umdibaniso ngale ndlela, kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba “impumlo” ye-horizontal beam yomelele ngokwaneleyo, ukuze ingaphumi ngenxa yamandla anqamlekileyo, kunye nokutyibilika, kunye nokudilika kwesakhiwo sonke.
Ukwakhiwa kocango oluzixhasayo
Emfanekisweni5“umthwalo” kunye “nokuzimela” ukwakhiwa kocango kubonisiwe. (Ukuzixhasa sisakhiwo esingadingi kuqiniswa, sibanjwe ngokwahlukeneyo.)
Umzobo 5 — Ukuguqulwa kocango kunye nokuqina ngebhodi ediagonal okanye intambo yentsimbi.
Kumfanekiso ongentla, unokubona ukuba ngenxa yobunzima bomnyango, ii-hinges zikhubazekile (umnyango wehla). Isibiyeli esingasentla siyatsalwa ngelixa esisezantsi sicinezelwe eludongeni.
Umfanekiso ophakathi ubonisa indlela umnyango onokwenziwa ngayo ukuzimela ngokuwucinezela. Ubunzima bomnyango buthathwa yiplanga ye-diagonal eqinisiweyo ye-Z, kwaye ngoko ke kufuneka siyidibanise kwiiplanga eziphezulu kunye nezantsi kunye nempumlo yempumlo, ukukhusela i-sliding. Umfanekiso ongezantsi ubonisa ulwakhiwo oluzixhasayo ngokukhupha intambo yentsimbi.
Imveliso echanekileyo yokudibanisa amaplanga
Kubalulekile ukwenza iindawo zokudibanisa iinkuni ngokuchanekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, okt. ukuba iplagi ingena ngqo emngxunyeni, izinyo emngxunyeni wezinyo, njl. Ukufezekisa oku, kufuneka silinganise ngokuchanekileyo kwaye siphawule, sisebenzise isixhobo esikhethekileyo, okanye senze itemplate okanye … njl. Esona sisombululo silula, nangona kunjalo, kukwenza indawo enye kuqala, emva koko uyisebenzise njenge template ukuphawula enye indawo. Ngale ndlela, nangona inxalenye yokuqala eveliswayo ingeyona ichanekileyo, inxalenye yesibini iya kulungelelaniswa, ifanelekile (umfanekiso 6).
Umfanekiso 6 — Ukudlulisa imilinganiselo ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala ukuya kweyesibini inxalenye yejoyini ukuze ilingane ngokuchanekileyo.