Misimboti yehuni yekubatanidza
Unogona kunge wakatonzwa nezve dzimba dzemapuranga dzakavakwa kare munzvimbo dzine makomo pasina kana chipikiri chimwe chete. Kuvaka dzimba dzakadaro kwaida kushivirira kukuru uye unyanzvi mukuunganidza zvikamu zvacho. Muenzaniso wedzimba idzodzo unotiratidza kuti zvikamu zvemapuranga zvinogona “kugadziriswa” nenzira iyo inopindirana zvakasimba kune imwe neimwe uye panguva imwe chete, inomira yakasimba. Isu tinogona zvakare kuisa izvi mune iyo kesi kana iyo yakabatana yakagadziriswa: nezvipikiri, matanda screws, glue, inotonhora glue, nezvimwe.
Kubhururuka (Fig1, chikamu1) inobata chibatanidza zvakanaka chete muchiitiko kana ichiitwa nezvipikiri zviviri. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune chibatanidzwa chakagadzirwa nemapuranga emapuranga. Kutenderedza chipikiri chimwe chete kana huni sikuruu zvikamu zvinogona kutenderedzwa seyakatenderedza pivot.
Majoini ehuni
Kupindirana uye kumucheto majoini
Iyo nzira yakareruka yekubatanidza huni ijoinhi repamakumbo, kana zvinhu zviviri zvakapetwa pamusoro peumwe neumwe, uye mubatanidzwa wakaiswa, wakachengetedzwa nezvipikiri kana mapuranga emapuranga (mufananidzo 1, chikamu 2a). Iko kubatanidzwa kunowedzera kusimba kana imwe layer yakabviswa diagonally kubva pachikamu chimwe nechimwe kuitira kuti yakatenuka Z joint inowanikwa (Mufananidzo 1, chikamu 2b). Kana iyo mubatanidzwa ichaiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa munzira yekubatana, zvino zviri nani kubvisa hafu yehupamhi kubva kune imwe neimwe chikamu pamubatanidzwa uye kuita mubatanidzwa maererano neMufananidzo 1, chikamu 2c. Joint iyi inogona kubata kana sikuruu imwe chete zvakasimba, uye kutsvedza kwejoini kunodzivirira kucheka.
Figure 1 - Riveting and basic lap, mupendero nerurimi-and-groove joints.
Icho chine mazino chinoumba chibatanidzwa chakasimba chakatambanudzwa pasina kushandisa screws. Izvo zvisingabatsiri zvejoint iyi ndezvekuti kubatanidzwa kwezvidimbu zviviri zvinogona kuitwa chete kubva padivi (mufananidzo 1, chikamu 2d).
Pazvimedu zvihombe, zvakachengeteka kujoina nechekumucheto kana rurimi negoroko (mufananidzo 1, chikamu 3). Kuti uite chibatanidza, rurimi runoumbwa pane imwe chidimbu uye groove inoumbwa kune imwe (aya marudzi emajoini anoitika nemapuranga pasi kana parquet). Nemajoini aya, kukwana kunofanirwa kuve kwakanyatso uye zvikamu zvinofanirwa kunyatsogadzirwa nechisel, saw uye profil planer. Iyo hard edge bar padhuze nedhirowa board inonamirwa nenzira iyi.
Esier ndiyo yekumucheto-notch joint, uko ese ari maviri mativi akabatiswa nenzira imwechete. Chete mupendero notch inoda kugadzirwa ipapo uchishandisa profil planer.
Majoini ane mapuranga emapuranga
Kujoinha nemapulagi emapuranga (mufananidzo 2, chikamu 1) inoitwa nemapuragi emapuranga akatenderera kana masikweya. Majoini akadaro anogona kuonekwa mumatafura nezvigaro. Pamapulagi akatenderera, akapatsanurwa kana kugadzirwa palathe, maburi anoboorwa muchikamu chechipiri chejoini. Zvinokwanisika kuchera maburi muzvikamu zviviri zvejoini uye kuita mapulagi akaparadzana kubva kune hardwood. Izvo zvakakosha kuti pave neanokwana maplugs maviri mujoinhi (kutenderedza plug imwe pane mukana wekutenderedza zvinhu sekutenderedza imwe shaft) uye kuti maburi akadzika kupfuura kureba kwemapulagi. Zvikasadaro, plug inomira pasi pegomba uye chinongedzo hachigone kusimbiswa.
A plug yakagadzirwa nechisel (pikicha 2, chikamu 2) yakanyanya kuoma kugadzira pamwe negomba rinodiwa pairi, asi ipuragi imwe chete inokwana kubatana neplug yakagadzirwa nenzira iyi. Inogadzirwa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo chikamu chacho hachifaniri kutenderera kumativi ose axis. Kungwarira kunofanirwa kutorwa kusiya ukobvu hwakakwana pakatarisana nekuvhura kuitira kuti chikamu chisatyoke nekuda kwekuremerwa.
Mufananidzo 2 — Majoini ane mapulagi emapuranga, muswe wenjiva nerurimi negoko.
Dovetail, minhenga negoho
Kusunga zvidimbu zvakareba pamativi, trapezoid joint (dovetail joint) inoshandiswa (Fig.2, chikamu 3) Kugadzira mubatanidzwa uyu kunoda kushivirira kwakawanda uye chishandiso chakanaka. Inoshandiswa pakubatanidza masherufu. Chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa chemhando iyi yekubatana ndechekuti kubatanidzwa kunogona kuitwa chete kubva parutivi. Iyo “dovetail” inofanira kupinda mugero rinotenderera kune kutungamira kwemafiber, zvikasadaro pachava nekubvarura, kutsemuka kwechikamu chakabatanidzwa.
Zvidimbu zvipfupi zvakabatana nerurimi uye groove (Fig2, chikamu 4) Majoini ari mapfupi pano anogadzirwa zvakafanana mumapuranga epathos, chete pano ari mapfupi. Iyo yakagadziridzwa fomu yejoint iyi yekubatanidza zvidimbu zvirefu ijoinhi rinoshandisa mazino (Fig3, chikamu1)
*Mufananidzo3- Majoini ane mazino, majoini emakona uye plug uye pini yekubatanidza.
Makona uye majoini anobviswa
Kune majoini emakona, oblique rurimi-uye-groove joint inoshandiswa (Fig3, chikamu2) kana groove-recessed triangular plug yekubatanidza kana yekunze yakanamatira triangular reinforcement (Fig.3, chikamu3) Inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira mifananidzo yemifananidzo.
Majoini anogona kupatsanurwa pasina kunetsa anogadzirwa neplug uye weji (Fig3, chikamu4) Vanosunga nekuregedzera pavanodira.
Kana nekuda kwechikonzero chipi zvacho tisingakwanisi kugadzira plug-and-pini yekubatanidza, ipapo kubatana kwakasimba kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa pini yehuni yakaoma ine kona pakati.2uye5° kana pini yesimbi, sando muplug dzakamboiswa mukuvhura (Fig4, chikamu1) Weji inoparadzira plug uye nokudaro inosimbisa chinongedzo. Muenzaniso wekubatanidza uku ndiko kunamirwa kwemusoro wesando pamubato. Iyo plug inofanira kumira neblade yakajairwa kune kutungamira kwemafiber zvese mukuvhura uye muplug, zvikasadaro, pachinzvimbo chekusunga, chibatanidza chinogona kutsemuka.
Kugoverwa kwemutoro
Tsigiro uye kufambisa kwemasimba mumatanda
Chekupedzisira, ticharatidza mimwe mienzaniso yekuzvitsigira maitiro. Mumufananidzo4, chikamu2, unogona kuona danda re oblique. Danda rakasimudzwa nenzira iyi harizotsvedzeki kubva pambiru, uye masimba anoitika muzvitsigiso akajairika kune axis refu uye haakonzeri kukotama kwembiru.
*Mufananidzo4- Kugadzirisa plug ine wedge uye kuendesa masimba mumajoini edanda.
Mumufananidzo4, chikamu3, kurerekera kwedanda rakarerekera pane rakachinjika kunoratidzwa. Nekubatana kwakadaro, simba re oblique rakakamurwa kuva rakatsetseka uye rakamira. Simba rakamira rinoshanda padanda rakachinjika, ukuwo simba rakachinjika rinoshanda pa “mhino” yedanda. Paunenge uchigadzira kubatanidzwa nenzira iyi, tinofanira kuve nechokwadi chokuti “mhino” yedanda rakakomberedzwa yakasimba zvakakwana, kuitira kuti irege kuputsika nekuda kwesimba rakakomberedzwa, uye kunyange kutsvedza, uye kuputsa chimiro chose.
Kuzvitsigira kuvakwa kwegonhi
Mumufananidzo5“mutoro” uye “kuzvitsigira” kuvakwa kwegonhi kunoratidzwa. (Kuzvitsigira chimiro chisingadi kusimbiswa, kubatwa zvakasiyana.)
Mufananidzo 5 - Kuchinja kwegonhi uye kuomesa nediagonal board kana tambo yesimbi.
Mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, unogona kuona kuti nekuda kwehuremu hwegonhi, hinges dzakaremara (gonhi rinodzika). Bhaketi rekumusoro rinoburitswa uku rezasi richidzvanywa mumadziro.
Mufananidzo wepakati unoratidza kuti gonhi rinogona kuitwa sei kuzvitsigira nekuridzvanya. Kurema kwegonhi kunotorwa neakasimbiswa diagonal plank Z, uye naizvozvo tinofanira kuibatanidza nemapuranga epamusoro nepamusoro nemhino, kudzivirira kutsvedza. Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza chivakwa chinozvitsigira nekuburitsa tambo yesimbi.
Kugadzirwa chaiko kwemajoini emapuranga
Zvakakosha kuita huni dzinobatanidza zvikamu zvakanyatsonaka sezvinobvira, kureva. kuti plug inokwana chaizvo mugomba, zino mugomba rezino, etc. Kuti tiite izvi, tinofanira kunyatsoyera uye kuisa chiratidzo, kushandisa chigadziro chakakosha, kana kuita template kana … nezvimwewo. Mhinduro yakapfava, zvisinei, kuita chikamu chimwe kutanga, wozoishandisa setemplate kumaka chimwe chikamu. Nenzira iyi, kunyange zvazvo chikamu chekutanga chakabudiswa chisiri chakanyatsojeka, chikamu chechipiri chichagadziriswa, chakakodzera (mufananidzo 6).
Mufananidzo 6 - Kutamisa zviyero kubva kune yekutanga kuenda kune yechipiri chikamu chejoin kuti ikwane zvakakwana.