Takardar fasaha
WATA KASUWA DAYA, SAUYE-SAUYE DA YAWA
Akwai masu canji da yawa da ya kamata a yi la’akari da su wajen zaɓar tsarin kayan aikin ƙofa da taga da za ku bayar. Daga cikin mafi muhimmanci:
BUKATUN KWASTOMI
Babu shakka wajibi ne a daidaita bukatu. Mafi girman aikin ba koyaushe ba ne ya fi rinjayar zaɓin masu saye. Ba tare da yin watsi da bin ƙa’idoji mafi ƙanƙanta da dokokin da ke aiki suka tsara ba, sau da yawa wasu sigogi ma na iya rinjaya, kamar sauƙin wucewa, rage kuɗi da sauransu.
INA AKE SAKAWA KAYAN GININ TAGOGI DA KOFOFI
Babu shakka wajibi ne a daidaita bukatu. Mafi girman aikin ba koyaushe ba ne ya fi rinjayar zaɓin masu saye. Ba tare da yin watsi da bin ƙa’idoji mafi ƙanƙanta da dokokin da ke aiki suka tsara ba, sau da yawa wasu sigogi ma na iya rinjaya, kamar sauƙin wucewa, rage kuɗi da sauransu.
Yankunan yanayi suna ƙayyade halayen kayan aikin ƙofa da taga a daidai da wajibcin da dokoki suka sanya.
Haka kuma yana da muhimmanci a kimanta yankin iska da yake a cikinsa an saka aikin sassaƙen ƙofofi da tagogi, wanda hakan musamman ke shafar juriyar na iska da ruwa.
NA’I NA GINI
Dangane da manufar amfani da ginin, sautin sauti ana buƙatar ƙimar ragewar faɗaɗar fuskokin ta daga
canje-canjen dokoki. Tabbas, ga tsarin ɗagawa- tagogi masu zamewa waɗanda a wasu lokuta ke wakiltar muhimmi
ɓangaren facade, ƙimar rage hayaniya musamman muhimmi.
1. Profil Itace/Itace 68/70
[p68_slika][p68_opis][tehnicki_list]
Watsawar zafi (tare da gilashi 4+16arg+4Low-e) Alamomin Uf, Ug da Uw suna nuna watsawar zafi. Ƙaramin ƙima yana nufin ƙaramin watsawa, wato mafi kyawun rufewa.
[toplotna_uw] [toplotna_ug][toplotna_uf][p_uf_slika]
Jimilla ikon watsar zafi
Na zafi hasken wucewar gilashi
Na zafi ƙarfin wucewar bayanan martaba
Watsawar zafi gilashin mai layi uku
Tsarin itace/itace, sashen firam da fikafikai
[p68_dvoprese]
Tsarin itace/itace, sashen firam da fikafikai
[p68_presek2]
Profil Itace/Itace, yankan reshe-reshe
[p68_presek3]
Bayanan itace/itace, sashen ƙofar baranda
[p68_presek4]
2. Profailin Itace/Itace 78
[p78_slika][p78_opis][p78_tabela]
Watsawar zafi (tare da gilashi 4+12arg+4+12arg+4Low-e) Alamomin Uf, Ug da Uw suna nuna watsawar zafi. Ƙananan ƙima na nufin ƙarancin watsawa, wato, kariya mafi kyau.
Jimilla ikon watsar zafi
Na zafi hasken wucewar gilashi
Na zafi ƙarfin wucewar bayanan martaba
3. Bayanin Itace/Itace 88
[p_slika][p_opis][p_tabela]
Watsawar zafi (tare da gilashi 4+12arg+4+12arg+4Low-e) Alamomin Uf, Ug da Uw suna nuna watsawar zafi. Ƙananan ƙima na nufin ƙarancin watsawa, wato, kariya mafi kyau.
Jimilla ikon watsar zafi
Na zafi hasken wucewar gilashi
Na zafi ƙarfin wucewar bayanan martaba
4. Profile Itace/Itace 98
[p98_slika][p98_opis][p98_tabela]
Watsawar zafi (tare da gilashi 4+12arg+4+12arg+4Low-e) Alamomin Uf, Ug da Uw suna nuna watsawar zafi. Ƙananan ƙima na nufin ƙarancin watsawa, wato, kariya mafi kyau.
Jimilla ikon watsar zafi
Na zafi hasken wucewar gilashi
Na zafi ƙarfin wucewar bayanan martaba
5. Bayani Itace/Itace 104
[p104_slika][p104_opis][p104_tabela]
Watsawar zafi (tare da gilashi 4+12arg+4+12arg+4Low-e) Alamomin Uf, Ug da Uw suna nuna watsawar zafi. Ƙananan ƙima na nufin ƙarancin watsawa, wato, kariya mafi kyau.
[p104_uw_slika][toplotna_provodljivost_ug][toplotna_provodljivost_uf]
Jimilla ikon watsar zafi
Na zafi hasken wucewar gilashi
Na zafi ƙarfin wucewar bayanan martaba
Profile Itace/Itace, hotuna
[profil_drvodrvo_foto1][profil_drvodrvo_foto2][profil_drvodrvo_foto3]
6. Bayanin Itace / Aluminum
[slika_profila] [opis_profila][tehnicka_tabela]
Watsawar zafi (tare da gilashi 4+12arg+4+12arg+4Low-e) Alamomin Uf, Ug da Uw suna nuna watsawar zafi. Ƙananan ƙima na nufin ƙarancin watsawa, wato, kariya mafi kyau.
[p_uw_slika][p_ug_slika][toplotna_provodljivost_uf]
Jimilla ikon watsar zafi
Na zafi hasken wucewar gilashi
Na zafi ƙarfin wucewar bayanan martaba
Profil Itace Aluminium, sashen firam - fiffa
[profil_drvo_aluminijum_presek_stok_krilo1]
Profil Itace Aluminium, sashen firam - fiffa
[profil_drvo_aluminijum_presek_stok_krilo2]
7. Tsarin itace/itace, kunkuntar profile
[slika_profila_16090][opis_profila_16090][p_dra_tabela]
Watsawar zafi (tare da gilashi 4+12arg+4+12arg+4Low-e) Alamomin Uf, Ug da Uw suna nuna watsawar zafi. Ƙananan ƙima na nufin ƙarancin watsawa, wato, kariya mafi kyau.
[toplotna_provodljivost_uw][toplotna_provodljivost_ug] 
Jimilla ikon watsar zafi
Na zafi hasken wucewar gilashi
Na zafi ƙarfin wucewar bayanan martaba
Bayanan Drvo / Drvo, siririn bayanin martaba
[profil_drvo_uski_profil_slika1] [profil_drvo_uski_profil_slika2]
Bayanin Itace / Itace, ɗan ƙaramin siffa (misalin taga)
[profil_drvo_uski_profil_primer_prozora]
8. Profil Itace / Itace, tagar biyu
[slika_profila_16203][opis_profila_16203][p_dd_tabela]
Watsawar zafi (tare da gilashi 4+12arg+4+12arg+4Low-e) Alamomin Uf, Ug da Uw suna nuna watsawar zafi. Ƙananan ƙima na nufin ƙarancin watsawa, wato, kariya mafi kyau.
[toplotna_provodljivost_uw][toplotna_provodljivost_ug_slika] [toplotna_provodljivost_uf_slika]
Jimilla ikon watsar zafi
Na zafi hasken wucewar gilashi
Na zafi ƙarfin wucewar bayanan martaba
9. Profil Itace / Itace, taga mai layi biyu Zaɓi 1
[profil_drvo_dvostruki_prozor_varijanta1]
10. Profayil Itace / Itace, taga biyu Variant 2
[profil_drvo_dvostruki_prozor_varijanta2]
10. Tsari Itace / Itace, taga biyu Bambanci 3
[profil_drvo_dvostruki_prozor_varijanta3]
10. Bayanin Itace / Itace, taga mai fikafikai biyu Nau’i 4
[profil_drvo_dvostruki_prozor_varijanta4]
10. Bayanin Itace / Itace, taga mai fikafikai biyu Zaɓi 5
[profil_drvo_dvostruki_prozor_varijanta5]
10. Bayanin Itace / Itace, taga mai maƙarƙashiya, Bambanci 6
[profil_drvo_dvostruki_prozor_varijanta6]
15. Tsarin harmonica
[harmonika_sistem_slika]
16. Tsarin harmonika, sill ɗin itace
[harmonika_sistem_drveni_prag_slika]
Tsarin harmonika, sill ɗin aluminum
[harmonika_sistem_aluminijumski_prag_slika]
Tsarin akordiyon, tsarin buɗewa (duba daga ciki)
[harmonika_sistem_sema_otvaranja_iznutra_slika]
19. Tsarin zamewa mai buɗewa
[slika_profila] [opis_profila_text_13639] [tabela_otklopno_klizni]
Watsawar zafi (tare da gilashi 4+12arg+4+12arg+4Low-e) Alamomin Uf, Ug da Uw suna nuna watsawar zafi. Ƙananan ƙima na nufin ƙarancin watsawa, wato, kariya mafi kyau.
[toplotna_provodljivost_uw id=“13639”] [ug id=“13639”] [uf_slika id=“13639”]
Jimilla ikon watsar zafi
Na zafi hasken wucewar gilashi
Na zafi ƙarfin wucewar bayanan martaba
20. Tsarin zamiya mai buɗewa
[otklopno_klizni_sistem id=“13639”]
21. Tsarin nadewa-zamewa, tsarin buɗewa
[seme_otvaranja id=“13639”]
22. Tsarin ɗagawa-zamewa
[pk_slika_profila id=“13611”] [podizno_klizni_opis id=“13611”] [tabela_podizno_klizni]
Watsawar zafi (tare da gilashi 4+12arg+4+12arg+4Low-e) Alamomin Uf, Ug da Uw suna nuna watsawar zafi. Ƙananan ƙima na nufin ƙarancin watsawa, wato, kariya mafi kyau.
[toplotna_provodljivost_uw id=“13611”] [ug id=“13611”] [uf_slika id=“13611”]
Jimilla ikon watsar zafi
Na zafi hasken wucewar gilashi
Na zafi ƙarfin wucewar bayanan martaba
23. Tsarin ɗagawa-zamewa
[pk_sistem_slika id=“13611”] [pk_slika2 id=“13611”]
24. Ƙofar shiga
[uv_slika_profila id=“13601”] [uv_opis_profila id=“13601”] [tabela_ulazna_vrata]
Watsawar zafi (tare da gilashi 4+12arg+4+12arg+4Low-e) Alamomin Uf, Ug da Uw suna nuna watsawar zafi. Ƙananan ƙima na nufin ƙarancin watsawa, wato, kariya mafi kyau.
[toplotna_provodljivost_uw id=“13601”] [ug id=“13601”] [uf_slika id=“13601”]
Jimilla ikon watsar zafi
Na zafi hasken wucewar gilashi
Na zafi ƙarfin wucewar bayanan martaba
Nau’ikan ƙofofin shiga
[uv_model1 id=“13601”] [uv_model2 id=“13601”]
Nau’ikan ƙofofin shiga
[uv_model3 id=“13601”]
Nau’ikan ƙofofin shiga
[uv_model4 id=“13601”]
25. Samfuran hannayen ƙofa
[uv_kvaka1 id=“13601”]
26. Samfuran hannayen ƙofa
[uv_kvaka2 id=“13601”] [uv_rucica1 id=“13601”]
27. Samfuran hannaye
[uv_rucica2 id=“13601”] [uv_rucica3 id=“13601”]
28. Nau’ikan maƙarƙashiya
[uv_rucica4 id=“13601”] [uv_rucica5 id=“13601”]
29. Shutter da solomatici
[spoljna_roletna id=“16623”] [unutrasnja_roletna id=“16623”] [uv_solomatik id=“16623”]
30. Makafin tagogi na itace
[drvene_zaluzine_slika id=“13575”] [drvene_zaluzine_opis id=“13575”] [tehnicki_list id=“13575”]
30. Makafin tagogi na itace
[zaluzine_od_drveta_slika1 id=“13575”] [zaluzine_od_drveta_slika2 id=“13575”]
30. Makafin tagogi na itace
[zaluzine_od_drveta_slika3 id=“13575”] [zaluzine_od_drveta_slika4 id=“13575”]
Shatters na itace, masu fikafikai biyu
[zaluzine_od_drveta_slika5 id=“13575”]
Makafin tagogi na itace
[zaluzine_od_drveta_slika6 id=“13575”]
31. Ayyukan gilashi
Ayyukan gilashi
Ayyukan gilashi, kalmomi
Muhimman Bayanan kula (EN)
Lissafe-lissafe da sharuddan da ke cikin wannan rahoto sun dogara ne akan EN 410:2011/EN 673:2011. Ƙimomin aikin da aka nuna a sama suna wakiltar ƙimomi na al’ada don tsakiyar gilashi ba tare da tsarin spacer ko firam ba. Factor na hasken rana (g) da Secondary Heat Transfer (qi) ba su samuwa ga glazing mai karkata, saboda babu hanyar lissafi da ma’aunin ya tanada don waɗannan siffofi. Tambarin KIWA da Rahoton Tabbatarwa na KIWA MD - 14/477/GL an bayar da su a matsayin hujjar tabbatar da software ɗin Guardian Performance Calculator, sigar shiri 4.1, don aiwatar da lissafin halayen haske da na rana na glazing da kuma watsawar zafi, bisa ga EN 410:2011 da EN 673:2011.
Kayayyakin laminate:
The Performance Calculator yana ba mai amfani damar ƙirƙirar samfura iri-iri na lamineted glass tare da amfani da tushe na float glass daban-daban, coatings da material na interlayer, ciki har da waɗancan samfuran inda coating ke fuskantar interlayer. Nauyin mai amfani ne ya tantance ko samfurin laminated glass ɗin ya cika ƙa’idodin yankin da suka dace kuma ya bi ƙa’idojin tsaro na laminated glass da ake aiki da su. Bugu da ƙari, idan samfurin laminated glass ɗin ya ƙunshi coating da ke fuskantar material na interlayer, ana iya samun raguwar aikin rufin zafi da sauyin launi idan aka kwatanta da class mai ruɓe mara shigarwa.
Kayayyakin da ba sa nuna haske kai tsaye (masu bayyana ko masu watsa haske a hankali):
Auna aikin ga kayan da ba su nuna walƙiya ba (masu ɗan haske ko masu yaɗuwar haske) kamar layukan tsaka-tsaki masu ɗan haske ko saman gilashi da aka ƙwace da acid, ko saman da ke da yumbu frit, yana da iyaka saboda fasahohin gwaji na yanzu. Tunda auna tana kama a zahiri kawai wani ɓangare na radiyashin da aka samu, sakamakon aikin da aka ƙididdige a nan kuma aka kafa bisa irin waɗannan aunawa ba su dace da kowace mizani ba (ciki har da EN 410) kuma za a iya amfani da su ne kawai a matsayin tunani na gaba ɗaya. Hakikanin ƙimomi na iya bambanta sosai dangane da ainihin tsarin kera, da kuma nau’i, kauri da launin kayan da ba su nuna walƙiya da aka yi amfani da su.
Bayanin Kalmomi bisa EN 410:2011/EN 673:2011
Visible Light Transmittance (Tv, %) shi ne kaso na hasken da ya faɗo a cikin zangon tsayin igiya daga 380 nm zuwa 780 nm da gilashin ke bari ya wuce.
Ultraviolet (UV) Transmittance (Tuv, %) shi ne kaso na sashen UV da ya faɗo daga hasken rana a cikin kewayon tsawon zango na 280 nm zuwa 380 nm da gilashin ke watsawa.
Solar Energy Direct Transmittance (Te, %) shi ne kason makamashin hasken rana da ya faɗo a kewayon tsawon raƙuman daga 300 nm zuwa 2500 nm wanda gilashin ke wucewa kai tsaye. Visible Light Reflectance Outdoors/Indoor (Rv out/in, %) shi ne kason hasken da ake iya gani da ya faɗo wanda gilashin ke mayarwa kai tsaye.
Solar Direct Reflectance Outdoors/Indoors (Re out/in, %) ita ce kashi na makamashin rana da ya faɗo wanda gilashin ke mayarwa kai tsaye.
Solar Energy Absorptance (Ae, %) ita ce kaso na kuzarin rana da gilashi ke sha.
U-Value (Ug, W/m2 K) siga ce ta glazing da ke bayyana wucewar zafi ta tsakiyar ɓangaren glazing, wato ba tare da tasirin gefuna ba, kuma tana bayyana yawan ƙarfin wucewar zafi a daidaitaccen yanayi bisa bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin yanayin a ɓangarorin biyu. Bambancin zafin jiki bisa ƙa’idodin daidaito: ∆T=15K°. Mafi ƙasa
darajar, haka nan yawan ƙimar rufewa yake ƙaruwa. EN 673 tana bayyana darajar da wurin rubuta goma-goma 1.
An kuma bayar da darajar tare da 3 wuraren ɗari bisa dubu domin bayanin bayani kawai.
Solar Factor or Total Solar Energy Transmittance or g-value (g%) shi ne jimillar hasken rana da gilashin ke wucewa da shi.
Shading Coefficient (sc) shi ne Solar Factor da aka raba da 0.87. Ma’auni ne na ribar zafin rana da ake danganta shi da 3 mm gilashin bayyananne wadda ke da ƙimar da aka ayyana ta 1.00.
Secondary Heat Transfer Coefficient (qi) shi ne sakamakon canjin zafi ta hanyar convection da dogon zango na IR-radiation na wancan ɓangaren hasken rana da ya faɗo wanda gilashin ya sha.
Colour Rendering Index in transmission, D65 (Ra) shi ne canjin launin wani abu sakamakon hasken da yake wucewa ta cikin gilashi.
Muhimman bayanai (SR)
Lissafe-lissafe da kalmomin da ke cikin wannan rahoto sun dogara ne akan ma’aunin EN 410:2011/EN 673:2011. Ƙimomin aikin da aka nuna a sama ƙimomi ne na al’ada don tsakiyar gilashi, ba tare da la’akari da tsarin spacer ko firam ba. Ƙimomin factor na hasken rana (g) da ƙimar canja zafi na sakandare (qi) ba su samuwa ga glazing da aka sa a karkace, saboda ma’aunin bai fayyace hanyar lissafi ba.
Tambarin KIWA da “KIWA Validation Report MD - 14/477/GL” suna nan a matsayin hujjar ingancin shirin “Guardian Performance Calculator”, sigar 4.1, don aiwatar da ƙididdigar halayen glazing da wucewar zafi bisa ga ƙa’idodin EN 410:2011 da EN 673:2011.
Kayayyakin laminating:
Ba a ba da tabbaci cewa tsarin laminating ɗin da aka tsara zai dace da ƙa’idojin tsaro masu dacewa game da gilashin laminated ba, sai dai idan an bayyana hakan a sarari ga kayayyakin Guardian. Nauyin mai saya ne ya kimanta ko samfurin laminated na ƙarshe ya kamata a ba shi shaida bisa ƙa’idojin da suka dace, tare da tabbatar da bin dukkan ƙa’idojin tsaro game da gilashin laminated. Sakamakon laminating gilashin da ke da rufi inda rufin yake fuskantar fim ɗin PVB (saboda hulɗar fim ɗin da rufin) na iya haifar da (ba tare da takaita ga wannan ba) raguwar muhimmiyar aikin tsaro ga wasu haɗe-haɗen rufi da yadudduka na tsaka-tsaki, asarar tasirin rufin zafi a saman da ke hulɗa da fim ɗin, canjin launi da aibu daban-daban na aiki.
Kayayyakin rabin-shaƙi (matt ko masu bazuwa):
Auna ƙimar aiki ga kayan da ba su wuce haske ba kamar matsaloli masu rabin bayyani ko gilashin da aka lalata da acid, ko saman da aka yi musu enamel na yumbu, yana iyakance da fasahohin gwaji na yanzu. Saboda auna-binciken yana shafar wani ɓangare ne kawai na bakan haske, ƙididdigar aikin da aka kawo a nan sun dogara ne da auna-binciken da aka ambata a sama, ba su dace da kowace ƙa’ida ba (ciki har da EN 410) kuma ana iya amfani da su kawai a matsayin babban nuni. Ainihin ƙimomi na iya bambanta sosai saboda tsarin masana’antu, da kuma irin, kauri da launin kayan rabin bayyani da aka yi amfani da shi. Bayanin kalmomi bisa EN 410:2011/EN 673:2011
Canjin hasken da ake iya gani (Tv, %) shi ne kashi na hasken da ke da tsawon raƙumi tsakanin 380 nm da 780 nm da ake bari ya ratsa ta cikin gilashi.
Ultraviolet (UV) watsawa (Tuv, %) shi ne kaso na haske mai tsawon raƙuman ruwa tsakanin 280 nm da 380 nm da ke ratsa gilashi kuma ya fito daga hasken rana (sashen UV na hasken rana).
Shigarwar kai tsaye na makamashin rana (Te, %) shi ne kaso na hasken da tsawon igiyarsa ke tsakanin 300 nm da 2500 nm wanda ake wucewa kai tsaye ta gilashi.
Nuna hasken da ake iya gani daga waje/ciki (Rv out/in, %) shi ne kaso na hasken da ake iya gani da ake nuna kai tsaye daga gilashi.
Raguwar hasken rana kai tsaye daga waje/ciki (Re out/in, %) shi ne kaso na ƙarfin hasken rana da gilashin ke mayar da shi baya.
Shayar hasken rana (Ae, %) shi ne kaso na hasken rana da gilashi ke shanwa. Ƙimar U (Ug, W/m2 K) tana bayyana wucewar zafi ta tsakiyar ɓangaren gilashi (glazing), wato yanayin zafi a kowace ɓangaren gilashi, ba tare da la’akari da tasirin gefuna ba
(spacer). Bambancin zafi bisa ga yanayin ma’auni: ?T=15K°. Yadda ƙimar ta kasance ƙasa, haka rufin ya fi kyau. EN 673 yana ayyana ƙimar da lambobi ɗaya bayan alamar ƙima. Har ila yau, ana samun wannan ƙima don bayanai a cikin nunin da ke da 3 lambobi bayan alamar ƙima. Faktor na hasken rana ko Jimillar wucewar makamashin hasken rana ko ƙimar g - g (%) ita ce jimillar makamashin rana da ke wucewa ta gilashi.
Faktor osenčenja (sc) Solar factor da aka raba da 0.87. Ribobin hasken rana ga gilashi mai bayyana na kaurin 3 mm na ƙimar da aka sa 1.00.
Adadin canja wurin zafi na biyu(qi) sakamakon canja wurin zafi ta hanyar konvekshon da kuma dogon zango na IC haske ne na wani ɓangare na makamashi da gilashi ya riga ya sha. Indeks ɗin sake haifar da launi a watsawa, D65 (Ra) shi ne sauyin launin abu a sakamakon wucewar haske ta cikin gilashi.
32. Takardar shaidar ingancin makamashi
Takardar shaidar ingancin makamashi
Takardar shaidar ingancin makamashi
Takardar shaidar ingancin makamashi
Zazzage Takardar Fasaha a matsayin PDF