Faka kungobo yomlando Okuqukethwe Okusebenzayo: I-athikili ilondoloza izinqubo zomlando zokubhowula, kodwa ayiyona incazelo ehlanganyelwe, ukubala okuthwala umthwalo, imanuwali yesevisi, noma ukuqeqeshwa kokuphepha. Uhlobo, ububanzi, ubude, impahla, ukuvikela ukugqwala, imbobo yokulungiselela, i-torque eqinisayo kanye nendlela yokuvikela kukhethwa ngokuya nge-substrate, umthwalo kanye neziqondiso zomkhiqizi. Izixhumanisi ezibalulekile zesakhiwo, zezimoto, zikagesi, zegesi, zamapayipi nokunye zokuphepha kufanele zishiywe kumuntu oqeqeshiwe.
Namuhla, i-Savo Kusić igxile emafasiteleni okhuni, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium, amafasitela ngokwezifiso, umnyango kanye nezicelo zekhotheshini. Lesi sihloko sihlala siyingobo yomlando futhi asihlanganisi isithembiso sokuthengisa izikulufu, amathuluzi noma ukulungiswa kwekhaya. Isixhumanisi sangaphambilini sesicelo sokuthengisa sangaphakathi asizange sidluliselwe ngenhloso kusayithi elisha lomphakathi.
Uzishayela kanjani izikulufu okhunini
Kuvame ukudingekile ukushayela isikulufu esifanelekile othini, noma ngabe ithusi noma insimbi ethambile. Umbhalo wangempela ugcizelela ukuthi isikulufu akufanele sigaywe ngesando cishe singene phakathi, bese siqedwa nge-screwdriver. Inqubo enjalo ilimaza intambo nemicu yokhuni, yingakho ilunga lingabambeli njengoba bekuhlosiwe.
Njengenqubo yomlando, kuchazwa ukuthi i-awl enethiphu eyikholi isetshenziswa ukwenza imbobo yokuqala lapho isikulufu singena khona cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yobude baso, bese umsebenzi uqhubeka ngesikrudrayiva. Ngokhuni oluqinile, ukubhoboza inaliti okwenziwa ngesandla kushiwo kuze kufike cishe kuhhafu wobude besikulufu kanye nobubanzi obucishe bube uhhafu wobubanzi besikulufu. Umbhalo uchaza inzuzo yama-awl ngokusunduza amafayibha esikhundleni sokususa ama-chips.
Uma sigoqwe ngokushesha ngaphandle kwembobo yokuhlola, isikulufu sokhuni oluqinile singase siyeke ukuqhubeka noma sinqamuke, ikakhulukazi uma siyithusi noma sincane ngobubanzi. Ukukhipha ingxenye ephukile kungaba nzima kakhulu.
Imbobo yokulungiselela ayiyona ifomula yendawo yonke: ukujula komlando kuya kububanzi bezilinganiso akukwazi ukuthatha indawo yedatha yomkhiqizi. Imbobo yokulungiselela incike kumgogodla kanye nentambo yesikulufu, uhlobo kanye nesiqondiso sokusanhlamvu, umswakama wokhuni, ibanga ukusuka onqenqemeni, ingozi yokuhlukana kanye nomthamo womthwalo odingekayo. Ungasebenzisi ithuluzi lomthelela, ibhithi elingalungile noma amandla lapho isikulufu siyeka ukuqhubeka.
Ukuze unciphise umzamo lapho ufaka, umbhalo wangempela ukhuluma ngokumboza imicu ngensipho, ikakhulukazi ngezikulufu zethusi. Incazelo ukuthi insipho inciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwebhawodi nezindonga zembobo.
Isigcobo nokuqeda: insipho iseluleko somlando, hhayi isincomo samazwe ngamazwe. Ingase ingahambisani nempahla, okokunamathela, okunamathelayo noma imfuneko yokumelana nokugqwala. Kusetshenziswa okokugcoba kuphela okuvunyelwe isikulufu nomkhiqizi wokuhlanganisa.
Izikulufu ezingasabambi
Lapho isikulufu sokhuni sikhishwa, bese siphenduka endaweni lapho siphinde sifakwe i-torque, umbhede wentambo uyanwetshwa noma uchotshozwe. Ukufaka umentshisi noma ama-toothpicks embobeni kuchazwa embhalweni njengesixazululo sesikhathi esifushane kuphela.
Njengenqubo eqinile yomlando, kukhulunywa ngengxube yeglue, i-putty yefasitela kanye ne-hardwood sawdust, ecindezelwe embhedeni ngento encane. Isikulufu sibe sesisonteka ngaphandle kokucindezela okwengeziwe futhi sishiywe izinsuku ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho ingxube iqina.
Uma leyo nqubo ihluleka, noma ilunga liku-chipboard, umbhalo uphakamisa ukunwetshwa kwembobo ukuze5-6 mm, ukufaka ipulaki yokhuni oluqinile oluboshwe ngeglue, ukumisa nokwenza imbobo entsha yokuqala. Ukufakwa okukhudlwana okumise okwe-paralelepiped nakho kuchazwa ngokuhlanganyela kwe-chipboard ethwala umthwalo omkhulu.
Ngehinge enamathiselwe ngochungechunge lwezikulufu ngqo ku-plywood, kuthiwa ihinge liyanyakaziswa ukuze izikulufu zingene ezisekelweni ezintsha. Isikulufu esinobubanzi obukhulu noma ubude obude kancane siphinde sishiwo njengento engenzeka elula, kodwa kuphela uma ukwakheka kwento kusivumela.
Umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo awubuyiswa ngokwenza ngcono: umentshisi, i-putty, i-sawdust, isikulufu esikhudlwana noma ukunyakaza kwendawo kwehinji akuhlanganisi ubufakazi bomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo. Iminyango, i-hardware yamafasitela, ama-railing, izakhi ezilengayo, nanoma yiliphi ilunga elihlulekayo elingalimaza umuntu lidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-substrate kanye nesistimu yokulungisa egunyaziwe - ukufakwa okuzinikele, usekelo olusha olugunyaziwe, ilunga lokudlula, noma ukushintshwa kwengxenye.
Izikulufu eziyi-cylindrical
Izikulufu eziyi-cylindrical zingaba nekhanda eliyi-hexagonal noma eliyisilinda, elinembobo yesikulufu esiyisicaba noma se-Phillips noma isokhethi kakhiye we-Allen. Umzimba ungacutshungulwa ngokwengxenye noma ngokugcwele. Uma uhlanganisa izinto ezimbili nezimbobo ezingafundiwe, inadi lomumo ofanele lisetshenziswa ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Kufenisha ye-modular, izikulufu namantongomane omumo okhethekile zitholakala: amakhanda anwetshiwe, amantongomane ayizikwele esokhethini elifanele noma amakhanda ayisilinda anembobo ephumela. Kubalulekile ukuthi izingxenye kanye nezintambo zingonakalisiwe. Ukuze kukhululwe futhi kuqiniswe, amathuluzi amabili afanelekile avame ukusetshenziswa, elilodwa elekhanda kanye nelenathi.
Umbhalo wangempela uxwayisa ngokuthi izikulufu ze-diameter encane 3–5 mm zingonakala noma zephuke uma ziqina kakhulu.
Ukuqiniswa kwetorque: “yonke indlela, kodwa ayimpintshi kakhulu” ayisona isimiso soxhumo lobuchwepheshe. I-torque efanelekile, ukulandelana kokuqinisa, ukuthambisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwebhawodi kunqunywa umkhiqizi womhlangano kanye nemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe esebenzayo. Intambo eyonakele, isikulufu esinwetshiwe noma ikhanda elikhubazekile yisizathu sokushintshwa, hhayi ukuqiniswa.
Izikulufu zokuzithinta wena
Izikulufu zokuzithepha ngokwakho zisetshenziswa ezintweni zikagesi, ezimotweni nakwamanye ama-assemblies. Zifana nezikulufu zokhuni, kodwa futhi zingaba nomzimba oyi-cylindrical. Encazelweni yasekuqaleni, afakwa embotsheni eshidini enobubanzi obuncane kancane, futhi lapho esontekile, alolonga ukuma kwawo.
Ngemva kokukhulula, imbobo ingase ihlale ibanzi futhi ilungu kuba nzima kakhulu ukuliqinisa futhi. Umbhalo womlando ube usukhuluma ngesikulufu esinobubanzi obuthe ukukhudlwana, iglue epoxy noma, lapho olunye uhlangothi lufinyeleleka, ipuleti lensimbi eligobile elinembobo esebenza ngokufana nenadi.
Izinto zikagesi Nezimoto: isikulufu esikhudlwana esizithephayo, i-epoxy noma ipuleti elithuthukisiwe akusetshenziswa njengenqubo yesevisi evamile. Izindlu zingafihla izingxenye zikagesi, uphethiloli, igesi, amasistimu okupholisa noma izingxenye zokuphepha. Kusetshenziswa indlela yokubopha neyokulungisa kuphela evela kumadokhumenti esevisi; idivayisi kufanele icishwe futhi ihlukaniswe ngokuphephile kumthombo wamandla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamawasha
Iwasha ngendlela yayo elula inomumo oyindilinga kanye nokuvuleka phakathi. Umbhalo wangempela wobunjiniyela bukagesi ukhuluma ngamawasha amancane anobubanzi obungaphandle obungaba ngu-4 mm. Ezisetshenziswa zomshini, ukujiya kusuka ku-0,5 kuya ku-1,5 mm namadayamitha angaphandle ukusuka ku-7–8 mm kuya ku-2 noma 3 cm nokunye kuyashiwo.
Amawasha afakwa ngaphansi kwekhanda eliyisikulufu naphakathi kwentongomane nento. Iqhaza labo embhalweni ukukhulisa indawo yokucindezela, ukuvimbela ikhanda namantongomane ekusikeni phezulu futhi kube lula ukubopha.
Ngefenisha nezikulufu ezizithintayo, isidingo sewasha esifanelekile ngaphansi kwekhanda siyagqanyiswa. Amawasha ane-elastic, ahlukanisiwe noma ama-knurled achazwa embhalweni njengendlela yokuvimbela ukuxega ngenxa yokudlidliza.
Ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwewasha enwebekayo njengohlobo lwenadi lesikulufu esizithephayo nakho kuyashiwo. Efenisha, iwasha enamazinyo phakathi kwezingcezu ezimbili zokhuni ingasiza ekusimamiseni indawo yazo ehlobene. Ukulandelana koxhumano oluchaziwe yisikulufu esiyicylindrical, ucezu lokuqala lokhuni, iwasha ene-serrated, ucezu lwesibili lokhuni, iwasha engenalutho nenathi, nenothi lokuthi uxhumano olunjalo alusebenzi kahle kunolo lwakudala.
Iwasha akuwona umshwalense wendawo yonke: amafulethi, intwasahlobo, ama-knurled namanye anezinjongo ezihlukile futhi awashintsheki ngaphandle kokucaciswa. Ngokudlidliza namajoyinti abalulekile ngokuphepha, indlela yokuvikela kufanele yakhelwe futhi iqinisekiswe isikulufu esithile, impahla, umthwalo nezimo zesevisi.
Ungakhulula kanjani futhi usikulule kahle
Ngezikulufu zokhuni nezikulufu zecylindrical ezincane, khetha i-screwdriver isuphu layo elihambisana nobubanzi, ubude kanye nephrofayela yesokhethi ekhanda. I-screwdriver encane kakhulu ingakhubaza noma iphule futhi ilimaze ikhanda. I-screwdriver enkulu eyisicaba ingasetshenziswa kuphela uma ingena kahle phansi kwenotshi.
Ngesikulufu esine-countersunk noma ikhanda le-lenticular, ithiphu elibanzi kunekhanda alikwazi ukulandela isikulufu kuze kube sekugcineni kwesihlalo. Iphrofayela engalungile noma usayizi kwandisa ingozi yokushelela kanye nokulimala.
Ithuluzi kufanele lifane nesokhethi: flat, cross, Pozidriv, Torx, inbus namanye amaphrofayela awashintsheki. Indawo yokusebenza kufanele ilungiswe, kushintshwe isandiso esilimele, futhi izandla kufanele zigcinwe zingekho endleleni yethuluzi.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukuqhekeka ngezikulufu
Izikulufu zokhuni zethusi nezikulufu ezinobubanzi obuncane zingaqhekeka uma ziqiniswe ngamandla amakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma imbobo yokuqala ingabanzi noma ingashoni ngokwanele.
Uma ukumelana kukhula kakhulu ngokujika ngakunye, umbhalo owumthombo weluleka ukuthi kukhishwe isikulufu, gcoba bese uzama futhi. Uma ukumelana kuhlala kukukhulu kakhulu, imbobo iyanwetshwa noma ijulwe nge-awl efanelekile noma i-drill.
Ngesikulufu esiyisilinda esincanyana embobeni eyimpumputhe, umzimba ungadabula ngaphandle kwesixwayiso esicacile, ikakhulukazi uma isikulufu sethusi siqiniswa ngezikrufu ezimbili. Okuhlangenwe nakho kushiwo njengesilinganiso embhalweni omdala, kodwa uxhumano lwesimanje lobuchwepheshe ludinga ithuluzi elinqunyiwe netorque.
Izikulufu ezibhakiwe
Ezintangweni, amasango nezinto zensimbi ezinkulu, isikulufu singasha ngenxa yokugqwala noma upende omdala. Ukuzama ukuqaqa kuphela ngamandla amakhulu kuvame ukuholela ekuqhekekeni. Uma ilunga linenadi futhi umzimba ufinyeleleka, umbhalo womlando ukhuluma ngokusikwa nokushintshwa. Ukukhipha embobeni enentambo kuchazwa njengokuxaka kakhulu.
Ekhanda elimbozwe ngopende omdala, umthombo uthi ukuhlanzwa kwemishini, i-caustic soda noma ukushisisa, okulandelwa uketshezi olungena ngaphakathi noma uphalafini. Ehluleka lokho, uchaza ukuphuka kwekhanda, ukubhoboza imbobo encane, bese eshayela okusele ngeshizolo nesando; esimweni sokugcina, ukunweba imbobo kuze kube yilapho umzimba uhlukana, kuyilapho uzama ukulondoloza intambo yangaphakathi.
Okubalulekile — ungasebenzisi izinqubo zomlando eziyingozi ngaphandle kokulawula okuchwepheshile: i-caustic soda idala ukusha kwamakhemikhali okubi kakhulu; upende omdala ungase ube nezinto eziyingozi; ilambu lokushisa, uphalafini noketshezi olungena ngaphakathi kungenisa ingozi yomlilo, ukuqhuma kanye nentuthu eyingozi. Ungashisi inhlanganisela engaziwa, isitsha, ipayipi, imoto noma ingxenye enezinto ezivuthayo. Umkhiqizo ukhonjiwe, amandla nengcindezi kuyahlukaniswa, ishidi ledatha yezokuphepha liyacutshungulwa bese kunikezwa umoya, ukuvikelwa kwamehlo nobuso kanye nokulawulwa komlilo.
Ukubhoboza nokubethela ingxenye esele yesikulufu kungalimaza intambo, kulahle ama-chips noma kususe ucezu lokusebenza. Ingxenye kufanele ilungiswe ngokuqinile, ithuluzi libekwe phakathi nendawo, futhi esimweni lapho kuba khona umhlangano obalulekile noma obalulekile ngokuphepha, inqubo kufanele ishiywe esikhungweni sesevisi esinabadonsayo abafanelekile nezinto zokulinganisa.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukulimala kwamantongomane nokufakwa kwendandatho
Awekho amapulangwe angama-serrated asetshenziswa endaweni eyisicaba yamantongomane, amabhawodi nokufakwa kweringi okuhloselwe isikrufu. Kudingeka usayizi ofanelekile ogxilile noma olungisekayo onemihlathi ebushelelezi.
Kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezingafinyeleleki noma ezinkulu kakhulu, umbhalo womlando ukhuluma ngokubeka isipontshi sepulasitiki phakathi kwemihlathi esemihleni kanye nengxenye ethambile yethusi noma ene-nickel, ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kwamapayipi.
Ukuvikelwa Komhlaba Nokufakwa: Isipontshi sasekhishini asisona ithuluzi eliqinisekisiwe elilawulwayo lokuqinisa futhi singashelela. Sebenzisa isikrufu esifanele, imihlathi ethambile evikelayo noma ithuluzi elinqunywe umenzi. Ngaphambi kokusebenza ngamapayipi, igesi noma okunye ukuxhumeka kokufaka, isistimu ihlonzwa, ihlukaniswe ngokuphepha futhi ikhululekile, futhi umsebenzi wenziwa umuntu oqeqeshiwe.