I-Archive Practical Content: Eli nqaku ligcina iinkqubo zebholithi yembali, kodwa asiyonkcazelo ehlangeneyo, ukubalwa komthwalo, incwadi yenkonzo, okanye uqeqesho lokhuseleko. Uhlobo, ububanzi, ubude, izinto eziphathekayo, ukukhuselwa kwe-corrosion, umgodi wokulungiselela, i-torque yokuqinisa kunye nendlela yokukhusela ikhethwe ngokwe-substrate, umthwalo kunye nemiyalelo yomenzi. Uqhagamshelo olubalulekileyo lwesakhiwo, iimoto, umbane, igesi, imibhobho yamanzi kunye nolunye ukhuseleko kufuneka lushiyelwe kumntu ofanelekileyo.

Namhlanje, i-Savo Kusić igxile kwi ifestile zomthi, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam, iifestile zesiko, umnyango kunye nezicelo zekoteyishini. Eli nqaku lihlala liyimbali kwaye alibandakanyi isithembiso sokuthengisa izikrufu, izixhobo okanye ukulungiswa kwekhaya. Ikhonkco langaphambili kwisicelo sentengiso yangaphakathi ayizange idluliselwe ngenjongo kwindawo entsha yoluntu.

Uqhuba njani izikrufu emthini

Kuhlala kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba isikhonkwane esifanelekileyo emthini, nokuba lubhedu okanye intsimbi ethambileyo. Umbhalo wokuqala ugxininisa ukuba i-screw akufanele ibethelwe phantse yonke indlela, kwaye kuphela emva koko igqitywe nge-screwdriver. Inkqubo enjalo iyonakalisa intambo kunye nemicu yomthi, yiyo loo nto ijoyinti ingabambeli njengoko bekucetyiwe.

Njengenkqubo yembali, kuchazwa ukuba i-awl enencam yeconical isetyenziselwa ukwenza umngxuma wokuqala apho i-screw ingena malunga nesinye kwisithathu sobude baso, emva koko umsebenzi uqhubeleka nge-screwdriver. Kwiplanga eliqinileyo, ukomba lwenaliti yezandla lukhankanywa ukuya kutsho malunga nesiqingatha sobude besikrufu kunye nedayamitha emalunga nesiqingatha sedayamitha yesikrufu. Isicatshulwa sichaza inzuzo yee-awls ngokutyhala iifayibha endaweni yokususa iitshiphusi.

Ukuba ijijwe ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle komngxuma wokulingwa, isikrufu somthi oqinileyo sinokuyeka ukuqhubeka okanye siqhawuke, ngakumbi xa silubhedu okanye sincinci ngobubanzi. Ukukhupha indawo eyaphukileyo kunokuba nzima kakhulu.

Ukulungiselela umngxuma awuyondlela eqhelekileyo: ubunzulu bembali ukuya kumlinganiselo wedayamitha ayinakuthatha indawo yedatha yomenzi. Umngxuma wokulungiselela uxhomekeke kumbindi kunye nentambo ye-screw, uhlobo kunye nolwalathiso lwengqolowa, ukufuma kwemithi, umgama ukusuka kumda, umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kunye nomthamo ofunekayo womthwalo. Sukusebenzisa isixhobo sempembelelo, isuntswana elingalunganga okanye amandla xa isikrufu siyeka ukuqhubela phambili.

Ukunciphisa umzamo xa ufaka i-screws, umbhalo wokuqala ukhankanya ukugquma kancinci imisonto ngesepha, ngakumbi izikrufu zobhedu. Ingcaciso kukuba isepha iyanciphisa ukukhuhlana phakathi kwebholiti kunye neendonga zomngxuma.

Isithambiso kunye nokugqiba: isepha licebiso lembali, hayi isincomo jikelele. Isenokungahambelani nemathiriyeli, i-coating, i-adhesive okanye i-corrosion resistance. Kuphela sisithambiso esivunyelwe sisikrufu kunye nomenzi wendibano esisetyenziswayo.

Izikrufu ezingasabambiyo

Xa i-screw yokhuni ikhutshwe, emva koko ijika kwindawo xa iphinda ifakwe kwakhona, ibhedi yentambo iyandiswa okanye ichithwe. Ukufaka iimatshisi okanye i-toothpicks emngxunyeni kuchazwa kwisicatshulwa njengesisombululo sexesha elifutshane kuphela.

Njengenkqubo eyomeleleyo yembali, umxube weglue, i-window putty kunye ne-hardwood sawdust, ecinezelwe ebhedini kunye nento encinci, ikhankanywe. Isikrufu sijijwa ngaphandle koxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwaye sishiywe iintsuku ezininzi de umxube uqine.

Ukuba loo nkqubo ayiphumelelanga, okanye i-joint ikwi-chipboard, isicatshulwa sicebisa ukwandisa umngxuma ukuya5-6 mm, ukufaka iplagi yokhuni oluqinileyo olufakwe ngeglue, ukomisa kunye nokwenza umngxuma omtsha wokuqala. I-parallelepiped-shaped-shaped installer iphinda ichazwe kwi-chipboard joint ephethe umthwalo omkhulu.

Ngehenjisi edibeneyo kunye noluhlu lwezikhonkwane ngqo kwi-plywood, kukhankanywa ukuba i-hinge ihanjiswe ukuze izikhonkwane zingene kwiisokethi ezintsha. I-screw enobubanzi obukhulu okanye ubude obude kancinane ikwakhankanywa njengeyona nto ilula, kodwa kuphela xa isakhiwo sento sivumela.

Umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo awubuyiselwa ngokuphucula: iimatshisi, iputty, i-sawdust, isikrufu esikhulu okanye intshukumo yendawo yehinge ayibonisi ubungqina bomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo. Iingcango, i-hardware yefestile, i-railings, i-hanging elements, kunye nayiphi na idibeneyo ekungaphumeleli kwayo kunokulimaza umntu idinga ukuhlolwa kwe-substrate kunye nenkqubo yokulungisa evunyiweyo - ukufakwa okuzinikezele, inkxaso entsha evunyiweyo, i-pass-through joint, okanye inxalenye yokutshintshwa.

Izikrufu zeCylindrical

Izikrufu ze-Cylindrical zinokuba ne-hexagonal okanye i-cylindrical head, kunye ne-slot ye-flat okanye i-screwdriver ye-Phillips okanye i-socket yesitshixo se-Allen. Umzimba unokudityaniswa ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo. Xa udibanisa izinto ezimbini ezingafundwanga kwimingxunya, indongomane lemilo efanelekileyo isetyenziswa kwelinye icala.

Kwifanitshala yemodyuli, izikrufu kunye namandongomane okumila okukhethekileyo kufunyanwa: iintloko ezondisiweyo, amandongomane asisikwere kwisokethi efanelekileyo okanye iintloko zesilinda ezinomngxuma ophumelayo. Kubalulekile ukuba iindawo kunye neentambo zingonakaliswa. Ukukhulula kunye nokuqinisa, izixhobo ezibini ezifanelekileyo zihlala zisetyenziswa, esinye sentloko kunye nesinye se-nut.

Umbhalo wokuqala ulumkisa ukuba izikrufu zedayamitha ezincinci 3–5 mm zingonakala okanye zophuke ukuba zityiswe ngokugqithisileyo.

Ukuqiniswa kwetorque: “yonke indlela, kodwa ayiqinanga kakhulu” ayisiyonqobo yoqhagamshelo lobugcisa. I-torque efanelekileyo, ukulandelelana kokuqinisa, ukuthambisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwebholithi kugqitywa ngumenzi wendibano kunye namaxwebhu obugcisa asebenzayo. Intambo eyonakeleyo, i-screw emide okanye intloko ephosakeleyo sisizathu sokutshintshwa, kungekhona ukuqiniswa.

Izikrufu zokuzicofa

Izikrufu zokuzicofa zisetyenziselwa izixhobo, izithuthi kunye nezinye iindibano. Zifana nezikrufu zokhuni, kodwa zinokuba nomzimba we-cylindrical. Kwinkcazo yantlandlolo, zibekwe emngxunyeni kwiphepha elinedayamitha encinci kancinane, kwaye xa zijijekile, zibumba indlela yazo.

Emva kokukhulula, umngxuma unokuhlala ubanzi kwaye umdibaniso kunzima ukuwuqinisa kwakhona. Umbhalo wembali emva koko ukhankanya isikrufu esinobubanzi obungaphezulu kancinci, iglu epoxy okanye, xa elinye icala lifikeleleka, ipleyiti yentsimbi egobileyo enomngxuma osebenza ngokufana ne nut.

Izixhobo kunye neZithuthi: i-self-tapping screw enkulu, i-epoxy okanye ipleyiti ephuculweyo ayisetyenziswa njengenkqubo yenkonzo jikelele. Izindlu zinokufihla iindawo zombane, amafutha, igesi, iinkqubo zokupholisa okanye izinto zokhuseleko. Kuphela i-fastener kunye nendlela yokulungisa ukusuka kumaxwebhu enkonzo isetyenzisiweyo; isixhobo kufuneka sicinywe kwaye sahlulwe ngokukhuselekileyo kumthombo wamandla.

Ukusetyenziswa kweewasha

Iwasha kwimo yayo elula inesimo setyhula kunye nokuvula phakathi. Umbhalo wokuqala wobunjineli bombane ukhankanya iiwasha ezincinci ezinobubanzi bangaphandle obumalunga ne-4 mm. Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini, ubukhulu ukusuka 0,5 ukuya 1,5 mm kunye nedayamitha zangaphandle ukusuka 7–8 mm ukuya 2 okanye 3 cm nangaphezulu zikhankanyiwe.

Izixhobo zokuhlamba zibekwe phantsi kwentloko ye-screw naphakathi kwe nut kunye nento. Indima yabo kwisicatshulwa kukwandisa indawo yoxinzelelo, ukukhusela intloko kunye ne-nut ekugawuleni phezulu kunye nokuququzelela i-clamping.

Ifenitshala kunye ne-self-tapping screws, imfuno ye-washer efanelekileyo phantsi kwentloko ibonakaliswe. Iiwasha ezithambileyo, eziqhekekileyo okanye eziqholiweyo zichazwe kwisicatshulwa njengendlela yokuthintela ukukhulula ngenxa yokungcangcazela.

Ukusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo kwewasha enwebekayo njengohlobo lwendongomane yesikrufu esizibambayo ikwakhankanyiwe. Kwifanitshala, iwasha enamazinyo phakathi kwamaplanga amabini inokunceda ukuzinzisa indawo yazo. Ukulandelelana koqhagamshelwano oluchaziweyo luyi-screw ye-cylindrical, iplanga lokuqala, i-washer ye-serrated, i-washer yesibini yomthi, i-washer ecacileyo kunye ne-nut, kunye nenqaku lokuba uxhulumaniso olunjalo alusebenzi kakuhle kunolo lwakudala.

Iwasha ayiyo-inshurensi yehlabathi jikelele: iflethi, intwasahlobo, i-knurled kunye nezinye iiwasher zineenjongo ezahlukeneyo kwaye azitshintsheki ngaphandle kokuchazwa. Ukushukuma kunye nokhuseleko olubalulekileyo oludibeneyo, indlela yokukhusela kufuneka iyilwe kwaye iqinisekiswe kwi-screw ethile, izinto eziphathekayo, umthwalo kunye neemeko zenkonzo.

Indlela yokukhulula kunye nokujija ngokufanelekileyo

Kwizikrufu zomthi kunye nezikrufu ezincinci ze-cylindrical, khetha i-screwdriver enencam ehambelana nobubanzi, ubude kunye neprofayili yesokethi entloko. Isikrudrayiva esincinci kakhulu sinokukhubazeka okanye saphule kwaye sonakalise intloko. Isikrudrayiva esikhulu esicaba sinokusetyenziswa kuphela xa singena kakuhle ezantsi kwenotshi.

Ngesikrufu esine-countersunk okanye intloko ye-lenticular, incam ebanzi kunentloko ayinakulandela isikrufu ukuya ekupheleni kwesitulo. Iprofayile okanye ubungakanani obungalunganga bonyusa umngcipheko wokutyibilika kunye nomonakalo.

Isixhobo kufuneka sihambelane nesokethi: flat, cross, Pozidriv, Torx, inbus kunye nezinye iiprofayili azitshintshi. I-workpiece kufuneka ilungiswe, isandiso esonakeleyo sitshintshwe, kwaye izandla kufuneka zigcinwe ngaphandle kwendlela yesixhobo.

Ukuthintela njani ukuqhekeka isikrufu

Izikrufu zobhedu zobhedu kunye nezikrufu zedayamitha emincinci zinokuqhekeka ukuba ziqiniswe ngamandla amaninzi, ngakumbi xa umngxuma wokuqala ungabanzi okanye ungekho nzulu ngokwaneleyo.

Ukuba ukuxhathisa kunyuka kabukhali ngokujika ngakunye, umthombo wokubhaliweyo ucebisa ukuba kususwe isikrufu, thambisa kwaye uzame kwakhona. Ukuba ukuxhathisa kuhlala kukhulu kakhulu, umngxuma uyandiswa okanye unzulu nge-awl efanelekileyo okanye i-drill.

Ngesikrufu esincinci se-cylindrical kumngxunya oyimfama, umzimba unokukrazula ngaphandle kwesilumkiso esicacileyo, ngakumbi ukuba isikrufu sobhedu siqiniswa ngezikrufu ezibini. Amava akhankanywe njengomlinganiselo kwisicatshulwa esidala, kodwa uxhulumaniso lobugcisa bale mihla lufuna isixhobo esimiselweyo kunye netorque.

Izikrufu ezibhakiweyo

Kucingo, amasango kunye nezinto ezinkulu zentsimbi, isikrufu sinokutsha ngenxa yomhlwa okanye ipeyinti endala. Ukuzama ukukhulula kuphela ngamandla amakhulu kudla ngokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni. Ukuba i-joint ine nut kwaye umzimba ufikeleleke, isicatshulwa sembali sikhankanya ukusika kunye nokutshintshwa. Ukutsalwa kumngxuma othungelweyo kuchazwa njengokuntsonkotha kakhulu.

Kwintloko egqunywe ngepeyinti endala, umthombo uthi ukucoca ngoomatshini, i-caustic soda okanye ukufudumeza, kulandele ulwelo olugqobhozayo okanye i-kerosene. Ukungaphumeleli oko, uchaza ukuphulwa kwentloko, ukugrumba umngxuma omncinci, kwaye uqhube intsalela ngetshizi kunye nehamile; kwimeko yokugqibela, ukwandisa umngxuma de umzimba uyahlukana, ngelixa uzama ukugcina intambo yangaphakathi.

Okubalulekileyo — musa ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zembali ezinobungozi ngaphandle kolawulo lobuchwephesha: i-caustic soda ibangela ukutshiswa okukhulu kweekhemikhali; ipeyinti endala inokuba nezinto ezinobungozi; isibane sobushushu, i-kerosene kunye nolwelo olugqobhozayo luzisa umngcipheko womlilo, ugqabhuko-dubulo kunye nomsi oyingozi. Musa ukutshisa indibano engaziwayo, isitya, umbhobho, isithuthi okanye inxalenye yezinto ezinokutsha. Imveliso ichongiwe, amandla kunye noxinzelelo lubekwe lodwa, i-data sheet yokhuseleko ifundwa kwaye umoya, ukukhuselwa kwamehlo kunye nobuso kunye nokulawulwa komlilo kunikezelwe.

Ukwemba kunye nokubethelela isikhonkwane esiseleyo kunokonakalisa umsonto, kulahle iitshiphusi okanye kushukumise isixhobo sokusebenza. Indawo leyo mayizinziswe ngokuzinzileyo, isixhobo sibekwe embindini, kwaye kwimeko yendibano yexabiso okanye ebaluleke ngokhuseleko, inkqubo mayiyekwe kwiziko lenkonzo elinezitsali ezifanelekileyo nezixhobo zokulinganisa.

Ukuthintela njani umonakalo kumandongomane kunye nezixhobo zeringi

Akukho pliers ezirrated ezisetyenziswayo kumphezulu osicaba wamantongomane, iibholiti kunye neringi ezilungiselelwe ukutshixa. Kufuneka ubungakanani obufanelekileyo obulungisiweyo okanye obuhlengahlengiswayo obunemihlathi egudileyo.

Kwihardware engafikelelekiyo okanye enkulu, isicatshulwa sembali sikhankanya ukubeka isiponji seplastiki phakathi kwemihlathi erhabaxa kunye nobhedu oluthambileyo okanye indawo ene-nickel-plated, ngakumbi kufakelo lwemibhobho.

UkuKhuselwa komphezulu kunye noFakelo: Isiponji sasekhitshini ayisosixhobo sokuqinisa esilawulwayo esiqinisekisiweyo kwaye sinokutyibilika. Sebenzisa isikrufu esifanelekileyo, imihlathi ethambileyo ekhuselayo okanye isixhobo esimiselwe ngumenzi. Ngaphambi kokusebenza kwimibhobho, igesi okanye olunye uqhagamshelo lofakelo, inkqubo ichongiwe, yodwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ikhululiwe, kwaye umsebenzi wenziwa ngumntu oqeqeshiweyo.