Kamana papa

I kēia lā, nānā ʻo Savo Kusić i nā puka makani lāʻau, mau pukaaniani laau-aluminika, pukapuka maʻamau, puka a me noi no ka haʻi ʻōlelo. Ke waiho nei kēia kikokikona ma ke ʻano he waihona ʻenehana a ʻaʻole ia he palapala kūʻai i kēia manawa o nā paneli kamana.

Ke kumu a me ka mahele kumu

Hoʻohana ʻia nā paneli kamana no ka hana ʻana i nā puka, ka uhi ʻana i ka paia, nā lako hale i kūkulu ʻia, etc. 

Ua māhele ʻia nā papa lāʻau i veneered wale nō ma nā ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua a ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia; one ma na aoao elua a me ke one; i nā papa maʻamau a hoʻonui i ka pololei; ma nā papa i hoʻopili ʻia me nā resins artificial a ma luna o nā glues casein. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ana o kēia mau papa ma ka pākaukau 8.

E like me ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau o nā lau, ua hana ʻia nā papa i uhi ʻole ʻia i ʻekolu ʻano: A, AB a me B (tab. 9).

Hana ʻia nā papa kamana maʻamau i ka papa I a me II. Ua uhi ʻia nā panela papa I me ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻia o ka papa I a me II.

Hana ʻia ke koho ʻana o nā ʻano veneers no nā papa kamana e like me ka ʻikepili mai ka papaʻaina.10.

ʻO ka mānoanoa o nā papa a pau o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o nā papa i uhi ʻole ʻia e pono no nā papa mānoanoa.16i 35 mm - 3,6 mm, no nā papa ma luna35 mm- 4,0 mm.   No nā paneli i uhi ʻia, hoʻoholo ʻia ka mānoanoa o ka veneer i ʻoki ʻia e like me ke kūlana kūpono. I nā paneli i manaʻo ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā kaʻa, pono ka mānoanoa o ka veneer ʻokiʻoki 1,5 mm.

Ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kumu a me nā veneers

Hana ʻia nā papa kamana mai ka lāʻau palupalu, lāʻau palupalu a me ka lāʻau birch. I loko o kēlā me kēia papa, pono ke ʻano o ka lāʻau nā papa. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha nā lau i loko o ka pā. ʻO ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā papa i nā papa ma ka lōʻihi e hana ʻia me ka mamao ma waena o ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā slats pili ma ka liʻiliʻi.150 mm. No nā hale kākoʻo, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā slats ma ka lōʻihi.

Kiʻi8: Ke ano o ka papa kamana; H - mānoanoa; L - lōʻihi: B - laula

Pono e hana ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā papa i uhi ʻole ʻia me ka birch, alder, beech a i ʻole pine veneer nona ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole ma lalo o ke ʻano BB e like me ke kūlana o kēia manawa no ka plywood, a me nā ʻāpana o nā papa i uhi ʻia - o ka veneer ʻoki ʻia ʻaʻole i lalo o ka papa II (fig.8).

O ke kukulu ana i na paneli kamana, e like me ka manoanoa, oia hoi, e like ka manoanoa o ke kapa o na panela. ʻO nā papa kamana i uhi ʻia ma kekahi ʻaoʻao me ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻia, pono e loaʻa i kekahi ʻaoʻao kahi papa hoʻohui o ka ʻili ʻili, ʻo ka mānoanoa o ia mea e like me ka mānoanoa o ka ʻoki ʻoki ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka papa. ʻO ke kuhikuhi o nā lālā lāʻau ma nā lau mai ka mua a me ke kua o nā paneli pale e like ia, a e like me ka lōʻihi o nā papa - like a kuhikuhi ʻia. I nā papa i uhi ʻole ʻia a i uhi ʻia, ʻae ʻia e hui ʻia nā lau o waho, i kāʻei ʻia mai nā ʻāpana veneer ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 100 mm ākea, me ke ʻano e koho ʻia ka veneer e like me ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau a me kona kala, a no nā papa i uhi ʻia - e like me kona ʻano.
Ma nā ʻāpana o ka ʻaoʻao hope o nā paneli i uhi ʻia me ka ʻaoʻao longitudinal o nā ʻāpana lāʻau, ua ʻae ʻia e hoʻomau i ka veneer ma ka lōʻihi o nā fibers.
Ma nā ʻaoʻao o waho o nā pā kamana ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia a i uhi ʻia, ua ʻae ʻia kahi āpau ma waena o nā hui ʻelua a hiki i 0,3 mm laula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 250 mm ma nā alo 1 m a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 ma ke kua o ka ami. Pono e hoʻopiha ʻia ka wahi hui ma nā ʻaoʻao alo o nā paneli i uhi ʻia me ka paʻi o ke kala kūpono.
ʻO nā kīnā lāʻau e like me ka ʻākala i loko, nā ʻōpala, nā māwae a hiki i 200 mm a me nā puʻupuʻu olakino i hoʻohui ʻia a i ʻole kekahi hapa i ʻae ʻia i loko o nā papa kamana. Pono e hoʻopiha ʻia nā puʻupuʻu ʻole a me nā lua mai ia mau mea me nā mea hoʻokomo lāʻau a i ʻole ka paʻi i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka veneer. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā ʻano popopo a me ka popopo i loko o nā papa papa.
Ma nā papa i uhi ʻole ʻia o nā ʻano AB a me B, a me nā papa i uhi ʻia o ke ʻano II, ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka maka, pono e hoʻopiha ʻia nā puka o nā puʻupuʻu i hāʻule i ka paʻi a i ʻole nā mea hoʻokomo veneer ma luna o ke kāpili, e hoʻoponopono i ke kuhikuhi o nā fiber a me ke kala o ka lāʻau.
Ma nā ʻāpana o waho o ke kua, a me nā papa o loko a pau, pono e hoʻopiha ʻia nā puka mai nā puʻupuʻu i hāʻule me ke anawaena i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mm me nā mea hoʻopili a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻokomo veneer ma luna o ke kāpili.
ʻAʻole pono e loaʻa nā ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ʻili o ke kāpili ma ka ʻili o nā papa. I ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā paneli, pono e wehe ʻia ka lipine paʻa e hui pū ai i nā ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana veneer i ʻoki ʻia, a e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā ʻili o lalo.

Māmā, palahalaha a paʻa

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o nā papa, nā ʻōpala a me nā māwae, i hana ʻia e ka ʻili ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana, ua ʻae ʻia a hiki i 300 mm, ka nui 2 pcs. ma 1 m2 palapala, a me nā hōʻailona a me nā manaʻo mai nā papa ʻē aʻe a hiki i 100 mm.

ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o nā papa kamana he 8 ± 2 %. Nā hemahema i ʻae ʻia i helu ʻia ma ka pākaukau. 11.

Pono e hoʻopili paʻa ʻia nā papa kamana. ʻAʻole pono e emi iho ka ikaika ʻoki hope loa i kēlā me kēia papa o ke kāpili i loko o kahi maloʻo10 kg/ knm2. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻikepili i ka ikaika hope loa o nā papa ma ka pā.12.

Koi mōʻaukala no ke kumu kūikawā a me ka hoʻokolohua

ʻO nā papa kamana i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kaʻa e pono e hoʻokomo ʻia me kekahi mea pale pale ahi. Heluhelu ʻia nā paneli kamana ma ka m3 me ka pololei 0,001 m3. Hoʻopili ʻia nā papa i hana ʻia, ma ka m2 me ka pololei a hiki i 0,01 m2.

Hoʻāʻo ʻia nā papa lāʻau no ka haʻahaʻa, ka ikaika ʻoki hope loa i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ke kāpili a me ka ikaika piʻo paʻa loa.

Hoʻololi ʻia nā papa i helu ʻia, nā ana, nā ʻae a me nā waiwai mai kahi kumu mōʻaukala a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he pani no ka hōʻike huahana o kēia manawa, ka maʻamau kūpono, ka hoʻolālā a i ʻole ka helu ukana. Pono e noʻonoʻo ke koho ʻana i ka papa a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kumu, ka makū, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, nā koi ahi a me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana, a ʻo ka ʻoki a me ke one e pono ai ka hoʻomalu lepo, nā mea hana kūpono a me ka pale pilikino.