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Purpose and basic division

Carpenter boards are used for making doors, wall cladding, built-in residential furniture, etc. 

Table 8: Dimension of carpentry boards, mm Thickness H Length L, and width B Deviations from prescribed dimensions 16, 19, 22, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 1500 x 1525
2500 x 1220
2120 x 1270
1830 x 1220
1800 x 1220 By width ± 5 By thickness from 0,8 to 1,5

Carpentry panels are divided into veneered on only one or both sides and uncoated; sanded on both sides and unsanded; to plates of ordinary and increased accuracy; on boards glued with artificial resins and on glued with casein glues. The dimensions of these plates are given in table 8.

According to the quality of the wood of the leaves, uncoated boards are made in three types: A, AB and B (tab. 9).

Table 9: Carpenter boards uncoated Pointers Slab construction Plywood From glued or unglued slats Slat width max..
Board type Increased accuracies Ordinary accuracies –
A, AB 20 mm
A, AB 3/2 lath thicknesses
A, AB and B

Ordinary carpentry boards are made in I and II class. Class I panels are covered with cut veneer of class I and II.

The selection of types of veneers for carpentry boards is made according to the data from the table. 10.

Table 10: Choice of blind veneer type
Blind veneer panel Type of blind veneers
uncoated coated
From the face A AB B one-sided two-sided
1 2 1 2
From the back B BB BB B BB 1 2

The thickness of all layers of each sheet of blind veneer of uncoated panels should be for panels with a thickness of 16 to 35 mm - 3,6 mm, for panels over 35 mm - 4,0 mm.   For coated panels, the thickness of the cut veneer is determined according to the applicable standard. In the panels intended for making wagons, the thickness of the cut veneer should be 1,5 mm.

Construction of the core and veneers

Carpentry boards are made from softwood, softwood and birch wood. In each panel, the slats must be of the same type of wood. The slats in the slab can be glued or unglued. The continuation of the slats in the plates along the length should be done alternately with a distance between the continuations of adjacent slats of at least 150 mm. For supporting structures, the continuation of the slats along the length is not allowed.

Drawing of a carpentry board with a slatted core and a veneer covering

Image 8: Structure of a carpenter’s board; H - thickness; L - length: B - width

Sheets of uncoated boards should be made of birch, alder, beech or pine veneer whose quality is not below type BB according to the current standard for plywood, and sheets of coated boards — of cut veneer whose quality is not below class II (fig. 8).

The construction of carpentry panels should be symmetrical, i.e. the lining of the panels should be of equal thickness. Carpentry boards that are coated on one side with cut veneer should have on the other side a supplementary layer of peeled veneer, the thickness of which is equal to the thickness of the cut veneer on the face of the board. The direction of the wood fibers on the sheets from the front and back of the cladding panels should be the same, and according to the length of the slats - parallel or directed. In non-coated and coated panels, it is allowed that the outer sheets are assembled, glued from veneer strips at least 100 mm wide, with the condition that the veneer is chosen according to the quality of the wood and its color, and for coated panels - according to its texture. In the sheets of the back side of coated boards with the longitudinal direction of the wood fibers, it is allowed to continue the veneer along the length of the fibers. In the outer sheets of non-coated and coated carpentry panels, a gap between two joints of up to 0,3 mm is allowed, in length no more than 250 mm per 1 m of the face and no more than 3 of the joint on the back of the board. The joint space in the face sheets of the coated panels should be filled with paste of the appropriate color. Wood defects such as internal roughness, bruises, cracks up to 200 mm long, as well as fused or partially fused healthy knots are allowed in slats of carpentry boards. Unfused knots and holes from them must be filled with wood inserts or paste to which the veneer can be glued. All kinds of rot and mold in the board slats are not allowed. In uncoated boards of types AB and B, as well as in coated boards of type II, on the sheets on the face, the openings from dropped knots must be filled with paste or veneer inserts over glue, adjusting the direction of the fibers and the color of the wood. On the outer veneers of the reverse side, as well as in all inner layers, openings from fallen knots with a diameter greater than 10 mm must be filled with paste or veneer inserts over glue. There should be no stains or traces of glue on the surfaces of the boards. When delivering the panels, the adhesive tape, which joins the parts of the cut veneer sheets, should be removed, and the surfaces that were under it should be cleaned.

Moisture, flatness and firmness

On the reverse side of the plates, scratches and cracks, caused by peeling or cutting, in length up to 300 mm, maximum 2 pcs are allowed. on 1 m2 plates, as well as recesses and impressions from other plates up to 100 mm long.

The humidity of carpentry boards should be 8 ± 2 %. Permissible defects listed in table. 11.

Table 11: Allowed norms of instability of carpentry boards, mm Processed plate surface Plates normal (usual) accuracy increased accuracy Unsanded and sanded on one side Windsurfing 3,0 2,0 Waviness 0,6 0,4 Sanding on both sides Windsurfing 2,5 1,5 Waviness 0,4 0,2

Carpentry boards should be solidly glued. The ultimate shear strength per layer of glue in the dry state must not be less than 10 kg/cm2. Data on the ultimate strength of the plates are given in tab. 12.

Table 12: Ultimate strength of plates in static bending (kg/cm2) perpendicular to the fiber direction
Slab thickness, mm Slab construction
Block - veneer Block - slats From glued and unglued slats
Glues
Casein Resin Casein Resin Casein
C – 1 C – 35 C – 1 C – 35
16 and 19 150 250 250 250 250 250 250
22, 25 and 30 100 150 150 150 150 150 150
35, 40
45 and 50 70 120 120 120 120 120 120

Historical requirements for special purpose and examination

Carpentry panels intended for use in the manufacture of wagons must be impregnated with some protective fire-resistant agent. Carpentry boards are calculated in m3 with accuracy 0,001 m3. The processed panels are calculated, in addition, in m2 with accuracy up to 0,01 m2.

The carpentry boards are tested for humidity, ultimate shear strength per layer of glue and ultimate static bending strength.

The classes, dimensions, tolerances and values ​​listed are transferred from a historical source and should not be used as a substitute for the current product declaration, applicable standard, design or load calculation. The choice of board and adhesive must take into account the purpose, moisture, emissions, fire requirements and processing method, and cutting and sanding require dust control, appropriate tools and personal protection.