Isexwayiso Esibalulekile: Lona umbhalo wengobo yomlando womlando, hhayi indinganiso yamanje, ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe noma imanuwali yokukhiqiza. Izimpawu, ubukhulu, ukubekezelela, izigaba, izinto ezinamathelayo namanye amanani obuchwepheshe kufanele ahlolwe ngokuya ngamazinga avumelekile, imibhalo yomkhiqizi kanye nezidingo ezithile zephrojekthi.
Lo mbhalo awuyona incazelo yomkhiqizo ohlukile ekunikezweni kwamanje kwe-Savo Kusić. Okunikezwayo kwamanje kugxile kumafasitela, iminyango nezixazululo ezihambisanayo.
Izinhlobo ze-vene ne-plywood
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-veneer: ukusika nokusaha. I-sliced veneer isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-plywood yezicabha, amabhodi okubaza, amafreyimu, izakhiwo, ifenisha, njll. I-Veneer isetshenziselwa ukumboza izinkuni zezinhlobo ezibuthakathaka, amabhodi enziwe ngemicu yokhuni, njll. Ipulangwe linezingqimba ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ezincanyana zokhuni oluhlutshiwe olunamathiselwe ndawonye ukuze imicu yolunye ihambisane nemicu yomunye.
I-plywood yenziwe nge-birch, i-alder, umlotha, i-elm, i-oki, i-beech, i-linden, i-aspen, i-pine, i-spruce, imisedari ne-fir. Izingqimba zangaphandle ze-plywood zibizwa ngokuthi i-cladding futhi izingqimba zangaphakathi zibizwa ngokuthi phakathi. Uma inani lezendlalelo lilingana, khona-ke izingqimba ezimbili ezimaphakathi kufanele zibe ne-parallel fibre direction.
Mayelana nokumelana namanzi, i-plywood yenziwe ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: I-FSF plywood enokumelana okukhulisiwe kwamanzi, enamathiselwe ngezinamathiselo zohlobo lwe-phenol-formaldehyde; I-FK ne-FBA - i-plywood enokumelana namanzi okuphakathi, ehlanganiswe ne-carbamide noma i-albumin casein glue; I-FB plywood enokumelana okulinganiselwe kwamanzi, enamathiselwe ngamaglue amaprotheni.
Ngokohlobo lokucutshungulwa kwamashidi angaphezulu, i-plywood ingafakwa esihlabathini ohlangothini olulodwa noma kuzo zombili izinhlangothi futhi ingafakwa esihlabathini. Ubukhulu obuyinhloko beplywood bunikezwa kuthebhu.
I-plywood dimensions
| Ubude (noma ububanzi) | Ukuchezuka okuvunyelwe | Ububanzi (noma ubude) | Ukuchezuka okuvunyelwe |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1830 | ± 5 | 1220 | ± 4,0 |
| 1525 | ± 5 | 1525 | ± 5,0 |
| 1525 | ± 5 | 1220 | ± 4,0 |
| 1525 | ± 5 | 725 | ± 3,5 |
| 1220 | ± 5 | 725 | ± 3,5 |
Ubude beshidi elilodwa le-plywood likalwa ngokuqondiswa kwezintambo zamashidi angaphandle. I-plywood yenziwe ngogqinsi lwe-1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 9; 10 kanye nokuthi 12 mm. Ugqinsi oluncane kakhulu lwe-birch ne-alder plywood kunqunywa ukuthi lube 1,5 mm, kanye nolwezinye izinhlobo zokhuni - 2,5 m. Ukuphambuka kwe-plywood engafakwanga ngogqinsi ngo-mm kuvunyelwe: Ukuze plywood ukujiya ngo mm
- 1,5; 2,0 kanye 2,5 - ± 0,2
- 3,0 - ± 0,3
- 4,5 kanye 6,0 - ± 0,4
- 8,0; 9,0 kanye 10,0 - ± 0,4 kuya ku-0,5
- 12,0 - ± 0,6
Uma wenza i-plywood, ukuncishiswa kokuqina kwayo ohlangothini olulodwa (kucatshangelwa ukuchezuka okuvunyelwe) akumele kube kukhulu kuno-0,2 mm, nhlangothi zombili 0,4 mm. Ngokwekhwalithi, i-veneer ye-plywood yenziwa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo: A, A1, AB, AB1, B, BB, C. Idatha yokukhethwa kwamashidi inikezwa etafuleni. 4.
Ukukhethwa kwamashidi kanye nekhwalithi ye-gluing
| Amaqabunga kasawoti | Uhlobo lwe-plywood | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | A1 | AB | AB1 | B | BB | C | |
| Uhlu lohlu | |||||||
| Face | A | A | AB | AB | B | BB | C |
| Back | AB | B | B | BB | BB | C | C |
Izendlalelo zokhuni ezisabalaliswe ngokulinganayo (ngokuhambisana nokujiya kweplywood) kufanele zibe zokhuni olufanayo futhi zibe ukujiya okulinganayo.
Plywood kufanele inamatheliswe ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kwamabhamuza, akumele ibambezele lapho igoba. Amandla okugcina e-shear ungqimba ngalunye lweglue anikezwe etafuleni. 5.
| Igama lePlywood | Plywood ekwazi ukumelana namanzi okwenyuka | Plywood yokumelana okumaphakathi emanzini | Plywood enokumelana okulinganiselwe | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neglue ye-carbamide | Ne-albumin casein glues | ||||
| Ngemva 1h emanzini abilayo | Ngemva kokuhlala emanzini ngaphakathi 24h | Esimeni esomile | Ngemva 1h emanzini abilayo | Esimeni esomile | |
| Amabhishi… I-Alder, i-beech, i-linden, umlotha, i-elm, i-oak, i-fir, i-pine, i-spruce nomsedari… Aspen… |
12 | 12 | 12 | 5 | 12 |
| 10 | 10 | 10 6 |
4 3 |
10 6 |
|
Ukulethwa kweplywood ngokobukhulu, amakilasi, izinhlobo, izinhlobo zokhuni, isiqondiso semicu yokhuni emashidini kanye nendlela yokucutshungulwa kwayo kwenziwa ngokuya ngokucaciswa kwekhasimende.
I-plywood enesanti itholakala ngokhuni lokusanta emishinini ekhethekile yokwenza i-sanding plywood futhi isetshenziswa njengesembozo semikhiqizo yokhuni.
Izinhlobo ze-cut veneer
I-brush veneer ihlukaniswe yaba yi-radial, isemi-radial, tangential kanye ne-tangential - ngaphambili, etholakala eziphunzini zesihlahla (ithebhu. 6).
| Uhlobo lobuhlalu | Izici | |
|---|---|---|
| ngeminyaka | by core ray | |
| Radial | Amamaki anokubonakala kwemigqa eqondile, ehambisanayo | Imisebe eyinhloko ngendlela yamabhendi aguqukayo itholakala okungenani ku-3/4 plate surface |
| Semi-radial | Kuyafana | Imisebe ewumgogodla ngendlela yemigqa etshekile noma yobude itholakala okungenani kokuthi 1/2 plate surface |
| Tangential | Ama-pods akha amakhoni okukhula anokubonakala kwemicu etshekile noma imigqa | Imisebe eyinhloko inokubukeka kwamabhande amade noma ama-oblique noma imigqa |
| Tangential - frontal | Iminyaka inokubukeka kwemigqa egobile evaliwe | Imisebe eyinhloko inokubukeka kwemigqa egobile noma amabhande |
Plywood ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu ngokuya ngekhwalithi yokhuni: I, II kanye no-III.
Ubukhulu, umswakama kanye nekhwalithi yokuqeda ye-veneer
I-Veneer yenziwe nge-oki, i-beech, i-walnut, i-maple, i-maple, umlotha, i-elm, i-chestnut, i-sycamore, i-Amur velvet, ipheya, i-apula, i-poplar, i-cherry, i-acacia, i-birch, i-alder ne-hornbeam.
Ubude be-radial, isemi-radial ne-tangential veneers busuka kokuthi 1,0 m nangaphezulu; tangential - frontal - kusukela 0,3 nangaphezulu ngokunyuka ukusuka 0,1 m.
Ubukhulu be-veneer okwezinhlobo ze-se - 0,8; 1,0; 1,2; 1,5 mm.
| Uhlobo lweVeneer | I class | II ikilasi | III isigaba |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Radial, i-semi-radial kanye ne-tangential | 130 | 100 | 80 |
| Tangentially - frontal | 200 | 150 | 100 |
Ukuchezuka kusukela kubukhulu obunqunyiwe bobukhulu (ku-mm) buvunyelwe:
- Ngobukhulu be-veneer 0,8 mm - ± 0,05
- Ngobukhulu be-veneer 1,0 mm - ± 0,08
- Okwe-vene veneer 1,2 - 1,5 mm - ± 0,1
Ukuswakama kwe-veneer ngu-10 ± 2%.
Ngokwekhwalithi yokhuni, i-veneer kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zezinga elikhona. Amashidi e-Veneer kufanele abe nendawo eyisicaba ehlanzekile, ngaphandle kwama-rough, imihuzuko, imifantu namabala ensimbi.