** Muhimmiyar Gargaɗi:** Wannan rubutu ne na tarihin tarihi, ba ma’auni na yanzu ba, ƙayyadaddun fasaha ko jagorar masana’anta. Alamu, girma, haƙuri, rarrabuwa, adhesives da sauran ƙimar fasaha dole ne a bincika bisa ga ingantattun ƙa’idodi, takaddun masana’anta da takamaiman buƙatun aikin.
Wannan rubutun ba bayanin keɓantaccen samfur bane a cikin tayin na Savo Kusić na yanzu. tayin na yanzu yana mai da hankali kan tagogi, kofofin da mafita masu alaƙa.
Nau’in veneer da plywood
Akwai nau’i biyu na veneer: yanke da sawn. Ana amfani da sliced veneer don samar da plywood don kofofi, katako na katako, firam, gine-gine, kayan aiki, da dai sauransu. Plywood yana kunshe da sirara guda uku ko sama da haka na itacen da aka fede wadanda ake manne su tare ta yadda zabar daya ta kasance daidai da filayen sauran.
Ana yin plywood daga birch, alder, ash, elm, oak, beech, Linden, aspen, Pine, spruce, cedar da fir. Ana kiran nau’ikan plywood na waje kuma ana kiran sahun ciki na tsakiya. Lokacin da adadin yadudduka ya kasance ma, to, ya kamata yadudduka na tsakiya guda biyu su kasance da madaidaiciyar hanyar fiber. Game da juriya na ruwa, an yi plywood daga nau’ikan masu zuwa: FSF plywood tare da ƙara yawan juriya na ruwa, wanda aka manne da nau’in nau’in phenol-formaldehyde; FK da FBA - plywood tare da matsakaicin juriya ga ruwa, manne tare da carbamide ko albumin casein; FB plywood tare da iyakataccen juriya na ruwa, manne tare da mannen furotin. Dangane da nau’in sarrafa kayan shimfidar wuri, ana iya yin yashi a gefe ɗaya ko biyu kuma ba tare da yashi ba. Ana ba da babban girman plywood a cikin tebur.
Girman Plywood
| tsawo (ko fadi) | Karɓar halal | Latitude (ko tsayi) | Karɓar halal |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1830 | ± 5 | 1220 | ± 4,0 |
| 1525 | ± 5 | 1525 | ± 5,0 |
| 1525 | ± 5 | 1220 | ± 4,0 |
| 1525 | ± 5 | 725 | ± 3,5 |
| 1220 | ± 5 | 725 | ± 3,5 |
Ana auna tsayin takarda ɗaya na plywood a cikin jagorancin hatsi na zanen waje. An yi plywood mai kauri1,5;2,0;2,5;3;4;5;6; 8;9;10kuma12 mm. An ƙaddara mafi ƙarancin kauri na birch da plywood alder1,5 mm, da sauran nau’ikan itace -2,5 m. An ba da izinin karkata plywood mara yashi ta kauri a mm: Don kauri plywood a mm
- 1,5; 2,0 da 2,5 - ± 0,2
- 3,0 - ± 0,3
- 4,5 da 6,0 - ± 0,4
- 8,0; 9,0 da 10,0 - ± 0,4 zuwa 0,5
- 12,0 - ± 0,6
Lokacin yashi plywood, raguwar kaurinsa a gefe ɗaya (la’akari da ɓangarorin da aka halatta) ba dole ba ne ya fi 0,2 mm, a bangarorin biyu 0,4 mm. Dangane da ingancin, an yi veneer don plywood a cikin nau’ikan masu zuwa: A, A1, AB, AB1, B, BB, C. Ana ba da bayanai don zaɓin zanen gado a cikin tebur.4.
Zaɓin zanen gado da ingancin gluing
| Ganyen gishiri | Nau'in plywood | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | A1 | AB | AB1 | B | BB | C | |
| Nau'in ganye | |||||||
| Fuska | A | A | AB | AB | B | BB | C |
| Juya gefe | AB | B | B | BB | BB | C | C |
Siraran itacen da aka rarraba a zahiri (bisa ga kauri na plywood) yakamata su kasance nau’in itace iri ɗaya kuma daidai da kauri.
Dole ne a manne plywood da ƙarfi, ba tare da kumfa ba. dole ne ba delaminate lokacin lankwasawa. Ƙarfin juzu’i na kowane Layer na manne ana bayar da shi a cikin tebur.5.
| Sunan plywood | Plywood tare da ƙarin juriya na ruwa | Plywood na matsakaicin juriya ga ruwa | Plywood tare da iyakacin juriya | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tare da manne carbamide | Tare da albumin casein glues | ||||
| Bayan1h a cikin ruwan zãfi | Bayan an ajiye shi cikin ruwa don24h | A cikin bushewar yanayi | Bayan1h a cikin ruwan zãfi | A cikin bushewar yanayi | |
| Birch... Alder, beech, Linden, ash, elm, itacen oak, fir, Pine, spruce da cedar ... Jasikova... |
12 | 12 | 12 | 5 | 12 |
| 10 | 10 | 10 6 |
4 3 |
10 6 |
|
Isar da plywood bisa ga girma, azuzuwan, alamu, nau’ikan itace, jagorar filayen itace a cikin zanen gado da hanyar sarrafawa ana aiwatar da su bisa ga ƙayyadaddun abokin ciniki. Ana samun katako mai yashi ta hanyar yashi itace akan injuna na musamman don yashi plywood kuma ana amfani dashi azaman abin rufewa don samfuran itace.
Nau’in yankakken veneer
Sanded veneer ya kasu kashi radial, Semi-radial, tangential da tangential - gaba, wanda aka samo daga kututturen itace (shafin.6).
| Nau'in kwalliya | Siffofin halaye | |
|---|---|---|
| da shekaru | ta core haskoki | |
| Radial | Shekaru suna da bayyanar madaidaiciya, layi ɗaya | Aƙalla haskoki a cikin nau'i na maɗaukakin maɗaukaki ana samun su3/4farantin karfe |
| Semi-radial | Duk daya | Hasken haske a cikin nau'i na madaidaici ko ratsi na tsayi suna samuwa aƙalla akan1/2farantin karfe |
| Tangential | Tushen da ke samar da mazugi masu girma suna da kamanni na makada ko layi | Rage haskoki suna da kamannin madaukai masu tsayi ko madaidaici ko layi |
| Tangential - gaba | Shekaru, suna da bayyanar rufaffiyar layukan lanƙwasa ko makada | Hasken haske suna da kamannin layukan lanƙwasa ko makada |
Dangane da ingancin itacen, plywood ya kasu kashi uku: I, II da III.
Dimensions, zafi da gama ingancin veneer
An yi shi daga itacen oak, beech, goro, chub, maple, ash, elm, chestnut, sycamore, Amur karammiski, pear, apple, poplar, ceri, acacia, Birch, elm da hornbeam.
Tsawon radial, Semi-radial da tangential veneers yana fitowa daga1,0 mda sauransu; tangential - gaba - daga0,3haka kuma tare da karuwa na0,1 m.
Kauri daga cikin veneer ne na se iri -0,8;1,0;1,2;1,5 mm.
| Wani nau'in veneer | Kuma class | Darasi na II | Darasi na III |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radial, Semi-radial da tangential | 130 | 100 | 80 |
| Tangential - gaba | 200 | 150 | 100 |
An ba da izinin karkata daga ma’aunin kauri da aka tsara (a cikin mm):
- Don kaurin veneer 0,8 mm - ± 0,05
- Don kaurin veneer 1,0 mm - ± 0,08
- Don veneer veneer 1,2 - 1,5 mm - ± 0,1
Yanayin zafi na veneer shine 10 ± 2%.
Dangane da ingancin itace, veneer dole ne ya cika buƙatun daidaitattun da ke akwai. Dole ne zanen gadon ya kasance yana da tsaftataccen fili mai lebur, ba tare da taurin kai ba, tabo, fasa da tabo na ƙarfe.