Chenjezo Lofunika: Ili ndi zolemba zakale zakale, osati mulingo waposachedwa, waukadaulo kapena buku lopangira. Zizindikiro, miyeso, kulolerana, magulu, zomatira ndi zinthu zina zaukadaulo ziyenera kufufuzidwa molingana ndi miyezo yovomerezeka, zolemba za opanga ndi zofunikira za polojekiti.

Mawu awa sikufotokoza za chinthu china chomwe Savo Kusić akutsatsa. Zomwe zilipo pano zikuyang’ana mazenera, zitseko ndi mayankho ogwirizana nawo.

Mitundu ya veneer ndi plywood

Pali mitundu iwiri ya veneer: kudula ndi macheka. Sliced ​​veneer amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga plywood pazitseko, matabwa opala matabwa, mafelemu, zomanga, mipando, ndi zina zambiri.  Plywood imakhala ndi zigawo zitatu zopyapyala za nkhuni zosenda zomata pamodzi kuti ulusi wa umodzi ukhale wolunjika ku ulusi wa winayo.

Plywood amapangidwa kuchokera ku birch, alder, phulusa, elm, oak, beech, linden, aspen, pine, spruce, mkungudza ndi fir. Zigawo zakunja za plywood zimatchedwa cladding ndipo zamkati zimatchedwa zapakati. Chiwerengero cha zigawo chikakhala chofanana, ndiye kuti zigawo ziwiri zapakati ziyenera kukhala ndi ulusi wofanana. Pokhudzana ndi kukana madzi, plywood imapangidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: FSF plywood yokhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera madzi, yomwe imamatira ndi zomatira zamtundu wa phenol-formaldehyde; FK ndi FBA - plywood yokhala ndi madzi apakati, yomatira ndi carbamide kapena albumin casein glues; FB plywood yokhala ndi kukana madzi pang’ono, yomata ndi zomatira zamapuloteni.
Malingana ndi mtundu wa ma sheet apamwamba, plywood imatha kupangidwa ndi mchenga kumbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri ndikupanda mchenga. Miyezo yayikulu ya plywood imaperekedwa mu tabu.

Plywood dimensions

Table 3: Miyezo yayikulu ya plywood, mm
Utali (kapena m'lifupi) Mitundu yololedwa Utali (kapena kutalika) Mitundu yololedwa
1830 ± 5 1220 ± 4,0
1525 ± 5 1525 ± 5,0
1525 ± 5 1220 ± 4,0
1525 ± 5 725 ± 3,5
1220 ± 5 725 ± 3,5

Kutalika kwa pepala limodzi la plywood kumayesedwa motsatira ulusi wa mapepala akunja. Plywood imapangidwa ndi makulidwe a 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 9; 10 ndi 12 mm. Kukhuthala kochepa kwambiri kwa birch ndi alder plywood kumatsimikiziridwa kukhala 1,5 mm, ndi mitundu ina yamitengo - 2,5 m. Kupatuka kwa plywood yopanda mchenga ndi makulidwe a mm kumaloledwa: Kwa makulidwe a plywood mu mm 

  • 1,5; 2,0 ndi 2,5 - ± 0,2
  • 3,0 - ± 0,3
  • 4,5 ndi 6,0 - ± 0,4
  • 8,0; 9,0 ndi 10,0 - ± 0,4 mpaka 0,5
  • 12,0 - ± 0,6

Mukamapanga mchenga wa plywood, kuchepetsa makulidwe ake kumbali imodzi (poganizira zopatuka zololedwa) sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 0,2 mm, mbali zonse 0,4 mm. Malingana ndi khalidweli, veneer kwa plywood amapangidwa mu mitundu yotsatirayi: A, A1, AB, AB1, B, BB, C. Deta yosankha mapepala amaperekedwa patebulo. 4.

Kusankhidwa kwa mapepala ndi khalidwe la gluing

Table 4: Kusankha mapepala amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya plywood
Masamba a mchere Mtundu wa plywood
A A1 AB AB1 B BB C
Mtundu wa mndandanda
Nkhope A A AB AB B BB C
Back AB B B BB BB C C

Timatabwa tating’onoting’ono tomwe timagawanika mofanana (malinga ndi makulidwe a plywood) ziyenera kukhala zamtundu womwewo komanso wokhuthala mofanana.

Plywood iyenera kumata mwamphamvu, popanda thovu, Sayenera kuchedwetsa popinda. Mphamvu yomaliza yometa ubweya pagulu lililonse la guluu imaperekedwa patebulo. 5.  

Table 5: Mphamvu zometa ubweya wambiri pa zomatira kg/cm3 (zochepa)
Plywood dzina Plywood yokhala ndi madzi okwanira Plywood yosamva madzi apakati Plywood yokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa
Ndi carbamide glue Ndi zomatira za albumin casein
Mutatha 1h m'madzi otentha Mukasunga m'madzi mkati mwa 24h Mukamauma Mutatha 1h m'madzi otentha Mukamauma
Birches…
Alder, beech, linden, ash, elm, oak, fir, pine, spruce ndi mkungudza…
Aspen…		 12 12 12 5 12
10 10 10
6		 4
3		 10
6

Kupereka plywood molingana ndi miyeso, makalasi, mtundu, mitundu ya matabwa, mayendedwe a ulusi wamatabwa m’mapepala ndi njira yosinthira imachitika malinga ndi zomwe kasitomala akufuna.
Plywood yopangidwa ndi mchenga imapezedwa ndi matabwa a mchenga pamakina apadera a plywood ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira zopangira matabwa.

Mitundu ya ma cut veneer

Mitsuko yopukutidwa imagawidwa m’ma radial, semi-radial, tangential ndi tangential - kutsogolo, zomwe zimachokera ku zitsa zamitengo (tabu. 6).

Table 6: Mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya plywood
Mtundu wa mikanda Zinthu
by years by core rays
Radial Zilembazo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mizere yowongoka, yofanana Nyezi yapakati pamtundu wa ma bandi odutsa amapezeka osachepera 3/4 plate surface
Semi-radial Zofanana Nyezi yapakati yowoneka ngati mizere yozungulira kapena yotalikirapo imakhala pa 1/2 plate surface
Tangential Makoko omwe amapanga mizere yokulirapo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mizere yopingasa kapena mizere Kuwala kwapakati kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe a utali kapena mizere yopingasa
Tangential - kutsogolo Zaka zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mizere yokhota yotsekedwa Kuwala kwapakati kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mizere yokhota kapena magulu

Plywood imagawidwa m’magulu atatu molingana ndi mtundu wa nkhuni: I, II ndi III. 

Makulidwe, chinyezi ndi kumaliza kwa veneer

Veneer amapangidwa kuchokera ku oak, beech, mtedza, mapulo, mapulo, phulusa, elm, chestnut, sycamore, Amur velvet, peyala, apulo, popula, chitumbuwa, mthethe, birch, alder ndi hornbeam.

Utali wa ma radial, semi-radial ndi tangential veneers amachoka pa 1,0 m ndi kumtunda; tangential - kutsogolo - kuchokera 0,3 ndi kukwezedwa kuchokera 0,1 m.

Kukula kwa veneer ndi kwa mitundu ya se - 0,8; 1,0; 1,2; 1,5 mm.

Table 7: Kukula kwa mapepala a plywood amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mm
Mtundu wa Veneer I class II kalasi III kalasi
Radial, semi-radial ndi tangential 130 100 80
Tangentially - kutsogolo 200 150 100

Zopatuka kuchokera ku makulidwe omwe adayikidwa (mu mm) amaloledwa:

  • Kwa makulidwe a veneer 0,8 mm - ± 0,05 
  • Kwa makulidwe a veneer 1,0 mm - ± 0,08
  • Kwa veneer veneer 1,2 - 1,5 mm - ± 0,1

Chinyezi cha veneer ndi 10 ± 2%.

Pankhani ya mtengo wamatabwa, veneer iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zilipo. Mapepala a Veneer ayenera kukhala ndi malo oyera athyathyathya, opanda khwinya, ming’alu ndi madontho achitsulo.