Yambiro Yakakosha: Ichi chinyorwa chemudura renhoroondo, kwete chiyero chazvino, chehunyanzvi hwekuita kana bhuku rekugadzira. Makoshero, hukuru, kushivirira, kupatsanurwa, zvinonamira uye humwe hunyanzvi hunokosha hunofanirwa kutariswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, zvinyorwa zvemugadziri uye zvinodiwa zveprojekiti.

Ichi chinyorwa hachisi tsananguro yechigadzirwa chakasiyana mune yazvino inopihwa yeSavo Kusić. Ikozvino kupihwa kwakanangana nemahwindo, magonhi neanobatanidzwa mhinduro.

Mhando dzeveneer uye plywood

Kune marudzi maviri eveneer: akachekwa uye akacheka. Sliced ​​veneer inoshandiswa kugadzira plywood yemagonhi, mapuranga ekuveza, mafuremu, zvivakwa, fenicha, nezvimwe.  Plywood ine matatu kana kupfuura akatetepa akaturikidzana ehuni yakasvuurwa akanamirwa pamwe chete kuitira kuti mafiibhi eimwe aenderane netambo dzeimwe.

Plywood inogadzirwa kubva birch, alder, ash, elm, oak, beech, linden, aspen, pine, spruce, misidhari uye fir. Miti yekunze yeplywood inonzi cladding uye mukati memukati inonzi pakati. Kana huwandu hwemateya hwaenzana, ipapo maviri epakati akaturikidzana anofanira kunge aine parallel fiber direction. Nekuda kwekudzivirira kwemvura, plywood inogadzirwa nemhando dzinotevera: FSF plywood ine kuwedzera kwekudzivirira kwemvura, iyo inonamirwa ne phenol-formaldehyde mhando adhesives; FK neFBA - plywood ine yepakati mvura kuramba, yakanamirwa ne carbamide kana albumin casein glues; FB plywood ine kushomeka kwemvura inodzivirira, yakanamatira neprotein glues.
Maererano nemhando yekugadziriswa kwemashiti epamusoro, plywood inogona kuiswa jecha kune rimwe kana mativi ese uye isina sandara. Izvo zviyero zvikuru zveplywood zvinopihwa mu tab.

Plywood zviyero

Tafura 3: Zviyero zvikuru zveplywood, mm
Urefu (kana hupamhi) Kutsauka kunobvumirwa Kufara (kana kureba) Kutsauka kunobvumirwa
1830 ± 5 1220 ± 4,0
1525 ± 5 1525 ± 5,0
1525 ± 5 1220 ± 4,0
1525 ± 5 725 ± 3,5
1220 ± 5 725 ± 3,5

Kureba kwepepa rimwe replywood kunoyerwa munzira yefibers ekunze pepa. Plywood inogadzirwa nehupamhi hwe 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 9; 10 uye 12 mm. Hukobvu hudiki hwebirch uye alder plywood hwakatemerwa kuve 1,5 mm, uye hwemamwe marudzi ehuni - 2,5 m. Kutsauka kweplywood isina kucheneswa nehukobvu mumm inobvumidzwa: Kukobvu kweplywood mu mm 

  • 1,5; 2,0 uye 2,5 - ± 0,2
  • 3,0 - ± 0,3
  • 4,5 uye 6,0 - ± 0,4
  • 8,0; 9,0 uye 10,0 - ± 0,4 kusvika 0,5
  • 12,0 - ± 0,6

Paunenge uchiisa jecha plywood, kuderedzwa kwehukobvu hwayo kune rumwe rutivi (tichifunga nezvekutsauka kunobvumirwa) hakufanire kunge kwakakura kupfuura 0,2 mm, kumativi ose 0,4 mm. Maererano nehutano, veneer yeplywood inogadzirwa mumhando dzinotevera: A, A1, AB, AB1, B, BB, C. Data yekusarudzwa kwemashizha inopiwa mutafura. 4.

Kusarudzwa kwemashizha uye kunaka kwegluing

Tafura 4: Kusarudzwa kwemashiti emhando dzakasiyana dzeplywood
Mashizha emunyu Rudzi rweplywood
A A1 AB AB1 B BB C
Rudzi rwemhando
Face A A AB AB B BB C
Back AB B B BB BB C C

Mapatsi matete akagovaniswa zvakaenzanirana (maererano nekukora kwepuranga) anofanira kuva emhando imwe chete yehuni uye neukobvu hwakaenzana.

Plywood inofanirwa kunama zvakasimba, isina mabhururu, haifanire kunonoka kana uchikotama. Iyo yekupedzisira simba rekugera padanho reglue rinopihwa mutafura. 5.  

Tafura 5:Kusimba kwekupedzisira kweshear pane inonamira layer kg/cm3 (zvishoma)
Plywood zita Plywood ine kuwedzera kwekudzivirira mvura Plywood yepakati pekudzivirira mvura Plywood ine kushomeka kushoma
Ne carbamide glue Nealbumin casein glues
Mushure 1h mumvura iri kufashaira Mushure mekugara mumvura mukati 24h Pakuoma Mushure 1h mumvura iri kufashaira Pakuoma
Birches…
Alder, beech, linden, ash, elm, oak, fir, pine, spruce nemisidhari…
Aspen…		 12 12 12 5 12
10 10 10
6		 4
3		 10
6

Kuendeswa kweplywood zvichienderana nehukuru, makirasi, mhando, mhando dzehuni, kutungamira kwehuni fiber mumashiti uye nzira yekugadzirisa inoitwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutengi.
Plywood ine jecha inowanikwa nejecha pamichina yakakosha yekugadzira plywood uye inoshandiswa sechinhu chekuvharisa chezvigadzirwa zvehuni.

Mhando dzekucheka veneer

Brushed veneer yakakamurwa kuita radial, semi-radial, tangential uye tangential - pamberi, iyo inowanikwa kubva pazvigutsa zvemuti (tab. 6).

Tafura 6: Mamiriro emhando dzakasiyana dzeplywood
Rudzi rwekukwenya Zvinhu
nemakore by core rays
Radial Mavara ane kutaridzika kwemitsara yakati twasa, inofambirana Maranzi makuru ari muchimiro chemabhendi anochinjika anowanikwa pane 3/4 plate surface
Semi-radial Same Mwaranzi wepakati muchimiro chemitsetse kana mitsetse yakareba inowanikwa pa 1/2 plate surface
Tangential Mapods anoumba makoni ekukura ane chitarisiko chemitsetse kana mitsetse Mwaranzi wepakati ane chitarisiko chemabhendi akareba kana akatsvuka kana mitsetse
Tangential - pamberi Makore ane chitarisiko chemitsetse yakavharika yakakombama Marayi epakati ane chitarisiko chemitsara yakakombama

Plywood yakakamurwa kuita makirasi matatu zvichienderana nemhando yehuni: I, II uye III. 

Zviyero, hunyoro uye kupera kwemhando yeveneer

Veneer inogadzirwa kubva pamuoki, beech, walnut, mepu, mepu, madota, elm, chestnut, sycamore, Amur velvet, pear, apple, poplar, cherry, acacia, birch, alder uye hornbeam.

Kureba kweradial, semi-radial uye tangential veneers inobva ku1,0 m zvichikwira; tangential - pamberi - kubva 0,3 uye kumusoro nekuwedzera kubva 0,1 m.

Ukobvu hwevheji ndeyemhando dze se - 0,8; 1,0; 1,2; 1,5 mm.

Tafura 7: Kufara kwemapepa eplywood emhando dzakasiyana, mm
Veneer type I class II kirasi III kirasi
Radial, semi-radial uye tangential 130 100 80
Tangentially - kumberi 200 150 100

Kutsauswa kubva kune zvakatemerwa ukobvu zviyero (mu mm) zvinobvumidzwa:

  • Kufuta kweveneer 0,8 mm - ± 0,05 
  • Kufuta kweveneer 1,0 mm - ± 0,08
  • Zveveneer veneer 1,2 - 1,5 mm - ± 0,1

Humidity yeveneer ndeye 10 ± 2%.

Maererano nehuni hwehuni, vheji inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvehutano huripo. Veneer sheets anofanira kunge ane nzvimbo yakachena yakadzikama, isina roughness, scratches, kuputika uye tsvina dzesimbi.