Isilumkiso esiBalulekileyo: Lo ngumbhalo wogcino lwembali, hayi umgangatho wangoku, iinkcukacha zobugcisa okanye imanyuwali yokwenziwa. Iimpawu, imilinganiselo, ukunyamezela, ukuhlelwa, izinto zokuncamathelisa kunye nezinye iimpawu zobugcisa kufuneka zitshekishwe ngokwemigangatho esebenzayo, amaxwebhu omenzi kunye neemfuno zeprojekthi ezithile.
Lo mbhalo awuyonkcazelo yemveliso eyahlukileyo kunikezelo lwangoku lwe-Savo Kusić. Unikezelo lwangoku lugxile kwiifestile, iingcango kunye nezisombululo ezinxulumeneyo.
Iintlobo zevene kunye neplywood
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeveneer: ukusika kunye nokusarha. I-sliced veneer isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweplywood kwiingcango, iibhodi zokuchwela, iifreyimu, izakhiwo, ifenitshala, njl. I-Plywood inamaleko amathathu nangaphezulu acekethekileyo omthi oxoliweyo adityaniswe ndawonye ukuze imicu yomnye ixhomekeke kwimicu yezinye.
I-plywood yenziwe kwi-birch, i-alder, i-ash, i-elm, i-oki, i-beech, i-linden, i-aspen, i-pine, i-spruce, imisedare kunye ne-fir. Iileya zangaphandle zeplywood zibizwa ngokuba yi-cladding kwaye iileya zangaphakathi zibizwa ngokuba ngumbindi. Xa inani lemaleko lilingana, ke iileya ezimbini ezisembindini kufuneka zibe necala lefibre elinxuseneyo.
Ngokumalunga nokunganyangeki kwamanzi, i-plywood yenziwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: I-FSF plywood enokonyuka kokunganyangeki kwamanzi, edityaniswe ngohlobo lwe-phenol-formaldehyde adhesives; I-FK kunye ne-FBA - i-plywood ene-medium resistance resistance, idibene ne-carbamide okanye i-albumin casein glues; I-FB plywood enokumelana okulinganiselwe kwamanzi, iglue ngeprotein glues.
Ngokohlobo lokucutshungulwa kwamaphepha angaphezulu, i-plywood inokufakwa isanti kwelinye okanye kumacala omabini kwaye ingafakwanga. Imilinganiselo ephambili yeplywood inikwe kwithebhu.
Plywood imilinganiselo
| Ubude (okanye ububanzi) | Ukutenxa okuvumelekileyo | Ububanzi (okanye ubude) | Ukutenxa okuvumelekileyo |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1830 | ± 5 | 1220 | ± 4,0 |
| 1525 | ± 5 | 1525 | ± 5,0 |
| 1525 | ± 5 | 1220 | ± 4,0 |
| 1525 | ± 5 | 725 | ± 3,5 |
| 1220 | ± 5 | 725 | ± 3,5 |
Ubude bephepha elinye leplywood lilinganiswa kwicala lemicu yamaphepha angaphandle. I-Plywood yenziwe ngobunzima be-1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 9; 10 kunye 12 mm. Obona bukhulu buncinci be-birch kunye ne-alder plywood imiselwe ukuba 1,5 mm, kunye nezinye iindidi zomthi - 2,5 m. Ukutenxa kwiplywood engafakwanga ngesanti ngobuninzi be-mm kuvumelekile: Kuba ubukhulu beplywood kwi mm
- 1,5; 2,0 kunye 2,5 - ± 0,2
- 3,0 - ± 0,3
- 4,5 kunye 6,0 - ± 0,4
- 8,0; 9,0 kunye 10,0 - ± 0,4 ukuya 0,5
- 12,0 - ± 0,6
Xa i-sanding plywood, ukucuthwa kobukhulu bayo kwicala elinye (kuthathela ingqalelo ukuphambuka okuvunyelweyo) akufanele kube kukhulu kuno-0,2 mm, kumacala omabini 0,4 mm. Ngokomgangatho, i-veneer yeplywood yenziwe kwiintlobo ezilandelayo: A, A1, AB, AB1, B, BB, C. Idatha yokukhethwa kwamaphepha inikwe kwitheyibhile. 4.
Ukukhethwa kwamaphepha kunye nomgangatho we-gluing
| Amagqabi etyuwa | Uhlobo lweplywood | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | A1 | AB | AB1 | B | BB | C | |
| Uluhlu loluhlu | |||||||
| Face | A | A | AB | AB | B | BB | C |
| Umva | AB | B | B | BB | BB | C | C |
Amaleya abhityileyo asasazwe ngokulinganayo (ngokobunzima beplywood) kufuneka abe luhlobo olunye lomthi kwaye abe nobukhulu obulinganayo.
Plywood mayincanyathiselwe nkqi, ngaphandle kwamaqamu, akufunekanga ivale xa igoba. Amandla okugqibela okucheba umaleko weglue anikwe kwitafile. 5.
| Igama lePlywood | Plywood enokwanda kokuxhathisa amanzi | Plywood yokuxhathisa okuphakathi emanzini | Plywood enokumelana okulinganiselwe | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ngeglue ye-carbamide | Ngealbumin casein glues | ||||
| Emva 1h emanzini abilayo | Emva kokugcina emanzini ngaphakathi 24h | kwimeko eyomileyo | Emva 1h emanzini abilayo | kwimeko eyomileyo | |
| Birches… Ialder, beech, linden, ash, elm, oak, fir, pine, spruce kunye nomsedare… Aspen… |
12 | 12 | 12 | 5 | 12 |
| 10 | 10 | 10 6 |
4 3 |
10 6 |
|
Ukuhanjiswa kweplywood ngokwemilinganiselo, iiklasi, iibrendi, iintlobo zokhuni, isalathiso semicu yomthi kumaphepha kunye nendlela yokuyilungisa iqhutywa ngokweenkcukacha zomthengi.
I-plywood enesanti ifunyanwa ngokhuni lwesanti koomatshini abakhethekileyo bokwenza i-sanding plywood kwaye isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokugquma kwiimveliso zomthi.
Iintlobo zeveneer esikiweyo
Ibhrashi yebhrashi yohlulwe ngokweradial, semi-radial, tangential kunye netangential - ngaphambili, efunyanwa kwizikhondo zomthi (tab. 6).
| Uhlobo lweentsimbi | Iimpawu | |
|---|---|---|
| ngeminyaka | by core ray | |
| Radial | Amanqaku anenkangeleko yemigca ethe tye, enxuseneyo | Imitha engundoqo ekwimo yeebhanti ezinqamlezayo ibekwe ubuncinane ku-3/4 plate surface |
| Semi-radial | Efana | Imitha engundoqo ngohlobo lwemigca etyekeleyo okanye yobude ibekwe ubuncinane ku-1/2 umphezulu wepleyiti |
| Tangential | Iipods ezenza iicones zokukhula zinenkangeleko yemigca engqukuva okanye imigca | Imisebe engundoqo inenkangeleko yobude okanye ibhendi ezingqukuva okanye imigca |
| Tangential - frontal | Iminyaka inenkangeleko yemigca egoso evaliweyo okanye imicu | Imisebe engundoqo inenkangeleko yemigca egobileyo okanye amabhanti |
Plywood yahlulwe kwiiklasi ezintathu ngokomgangatho womthi: I, II kunye ne-III.
Imilinganiselo, ukufuma kunye nomgangatho ogqityiweyo weveneer
IVeneer yenziwe nge-oki, i-beech, iwalnut, imephu, imephu, uthuthu, ielm, i-chestnut, i-sycamore, i-Amur velvet, ipere, iapile, ipoplar, icherry, iacacia, birch, alder kunye nehornbeam.
Ubude be-radial, isemi-radial kunye ne-tangential veneers busuka ku-1,0 m nangaphezulu; tangential - frontal - ukusuka 0,3 nangaphezulu ngokunyuka ukusuka 0,1 m.
Ubukhulu beveneer bobodidi lwe-se - 0,8; 1,0; 1,2; 1,5 mm.
| Uhlobo lweVeneer | I class | II iklasi | III iklasi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-radial, i-semi-radial kunye ne-tangential | 130 | 100 | 80 |
| Tangentially - ngaphambili | 200 | 150 | 100 |
Izitenxo ukusuka kubukhulu obumiselweyo (kwi-mm) buvumelekile:
- Ngobunzima beveneer 0,8 mm - ± 0,05
- Ngobunzima beveneer 1,0 mm - ± 0,08
- Yeveneer veneer 1,2 - 1,5 mm - ± 0,1
Ukufuma kweveneer ngu 10 ± 2%.
Ngokomgangatho womthi, i-veneer kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zomgangatho okhoyo. Amaphepha eVeneer kufuneka abe nomphezulu ococekileyo osicaba, ngaphandle koburhabaxa, imikrwelo, iintanda kunye namabala esinyithi.