** Ceeb Toom Tseem Ceeb:** Qhov no yog cov ntawv sau keeb kwm, tsis yog tus qauv tam sim no, kev qhia tshwj xeeb lossis phau ntawv tsim khoom. Cov cim, qhov ntev, qhov ntev, kev ua siab ntev, kev faib tawm, cov nplaum thiab lwm yam txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas raws li cov qauv siv tau, cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom thiab cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

Cov ntawv no tsis yog ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm cov khoom sib cais hauv qhov kev thov tam sim no ntawm Savo Kusić. Qhov kev thov tam sim no yog tsom rau qhov rais, qhov rooj thiab cov kev daws teeb meem cuam tshuam.

Hom veneer thiab plywood

Muaj ob hom veneer: txiav thiab sawn. Sliced ​​​​veneer yog siv rau kev tsim cov plywood rau lub qhov rooj, carpentry boards, thav duab, kev tsim kho, rooj tog, thiab lwm yam. veneer yog siv los npog cov ntoo ntawm cov tsiaj tsis muaj zog, cov laug cam ua los ntawm cov ntoo fibers, thiab lwm yam.  Plywood muaj peb los yog ntau tshaj nyias txheej ntawm tev ntoo glued ua ke kom cov fibers ntawm ib tug yog perpendicular mus rau fibers ntawm lwm tus neeg.

Plywood yog tsim los ntawm birch, alder, tshauv, elm, Oak, beech, linden, aspen, ntoo thuv, spruce, cedar thiab fir. Cov txheej txheej txheej ntawm plywood hu ua cladding thiab cov txheej sab hauv hu ua nruab nrab. Thaum tus naj npawb ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog, ces ob txheej txheej nruab nrab yuav tsum muaj cov kev taw qhia fiber ntau. Raws li dej tsis kam, plywood yog tsim los ntawm cov npe hauv qab no: FSF plywood nrog cov dej tsis kam, uas yog glued nrog phenol-formaldehyde hom adhesives; FK thiab FBA - plywood nrog nruab nrab dej tsis kam, glued nrog carbamide los yog albumin casein glues; FB plywood nrog txwv dej tsis kam, nplaum nrog cov kua nplaum protein.
Raws li hom kev ua cov ntaub ntawv saum npoo, plywood tuaj yeem sanded ntawm ib lossis ob sab thiab tsis muaj xuab zeb. Qhov loj me ntawm plywood tau muab rau hauv tab.

Plywood qhov ntev

Table 3: Qhov loj ntawm plywood, mm
Length (los yog dav) Permitted deviations Dav (los yog ntev) Permitted deviations
1830 ± 5 1220 ± 4,0
1525 ± 5 1525 ± 5,0
1525 ± 5 1220 ± 4,0
1525 ± 5 725 ± 3,5
1220 ± 5 725 ± 3,5

Qhov ntev ntawm ib daim ntawv ntawm plywood yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov fibers ntawm cov nplooj ntawv txheej. Plywood yog tsim nrog lub thickness ntawm 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 9; 10 thiab 12 mm. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thickness ntawm birch thiab alder plywood yog txiav txim siab yog 1,5 mm, thiab ntawm lwm yam ntoo - 2,5 m. Deviations ntawm unsanded plywood los ntawm thickness nyob rau hauv mm tau tso cai: Rau plywood thickness nyob rau hauv mm 

  • 1,5; 2,0 thiab 2,5 - ± 0,2
  • 3,0 - ± 0,3
  • 4,5 thiab 6,0 - ± 0,4
  • 8,0; 9,0 thiab 10,0 - ± 0,4 rau 0,5
  • 12,0 - ± 0,6

Thaum sanding plywood, qhov txo ntawm nws thickness ntawm ib sab (saib rau hauv tus account qhov tso cai deviations) yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0,2 mm, ntawm ob sab 0,4 mm. Raws li qhov zoo, veneer rau plywood yog ua nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no hom: A, A1, AB, AB1, B, BB, C. Cov ntaub ntawv rau kev xaiv ntawm cov nplooj ntawv yog muab nyob rau hauv lub rooj. 4.

Xaiv cov nplooj ntawv thiab qhov zoo ntawm gluing

Table 4: Xaiv cov ntawv rau ntau hom plywood
Salt nplooj Hom plywood
A A1 AB AB1 B BB C
List type
Face A A AB AB B BB C
Back AB B B BB BB C C

Symmetrically faib nyias txheej ntawm ntoo (raws li lub thickness ntawm lub plywood) yuav tsum yog tib hom ntoo thiab sib npaug thickness.

Plywood yuav tsum ruaj khov, tsis muaj npuas, yuav tsum tsis txhob delaminate thaum khoov. Qhov kawg shear zog ib txheej ntawm cov kua nplaum yog muab rau hauv lub rooj. 5.  

Table 5: Qhov kawg shear zog ib nplaum txheej kg/cm3 (tsawg kawg)
Plywood npe Plywood nrog nce dej tsis kam Plywood ntawm nruab nrab tiv thaiv dej Plywood nrog txwv tsis kam
Nrog carbamide kua nplaum Nrog albumin casein glues
Tom qab 1h hauv dej kub Tom qab khaws cia hauv dej hauv 24h Nyob hauv xeev qhuav Tom qab 1h hauv dej kub Nyob hauv xeev qhuav
Birches…
Alder, beech, linden, tshauv, elm, Oak, fir, ntoo thuv, spruce thiab cedar…
Aspen…		 12 12 12 5 12
10 10 10
6		 4
3		 10
6

Kev xa tawm ntawm plywood raws li qhov ntev, chav kawm, hom, hom ntoo, kev taw qhia ntawm cov ntoo fibers hauv cov ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog ua raws li cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb.
Sanded plywood yog tau los ntawm sanding ntoo ntawm cov cav tov tshwj xeeb rau sanding plywood thiab yog siv los npog cov khoom siv ntoo.

Hom kev txiav veneer

Brushed veneer muab faib ua radial, semi-radial, tangential thiab tangential - pem hauv ntej, uas tau los ntawm cov ntoo stumps (tab. 6).

Table 6: Cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau hom plywood
Type of beading Features
by xyoo los ntawm tub ntxhais rays
Radial Cov qhab nia muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov kab ncaj nraim, kab sib npaug Core rays nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm transverse bands nyob yam tsawg kawg ntawm 3/4 phaj nto
Semi-radial Same Core rays nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm oblique los yog longitudinal kab txaij yog nyob yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 1/2 phaj nto
Tangential Cov pods uas tsim cov cones loj hlob zoo li oblique strips los yog kab Core rays muaj cov tsos ntawm longitudinal los yog oblique bands los yog kab
Tangential - frontal Tau ntau xyoo, lawv muaj cov tsos ntawm cov kab nkhaus kaw los yog bands Core rays muaj cov tsos ntawm cov kab nkhaus los yog bands

Raws li qhov zoo ntawm cov ntoo, plywood muab faib ua peb chav kawm: I, II thiab III. 

Dimensions, av noo thiab tiav zoo ntawm veneer

Veneer yog tsim los ntawm ntoo qhib, beech, walnut, chub, maple, tshauv, elm, chestnut, sycamore, Amur velvet, pear, kua, poplar, Cherry, acacia, birch, elm thiab hornbeam.

Qhov ntev ntawm radial, semi-radial thiab tangential veneers mus los ntawm1,0 mua hauj lwm; tangential - frontal - los ntawm0,3yog li ntawd nyob rau ntau nrog nce0,1 m.

Lub thickness ntawm veneer yog rau se hom -0,8;1,0;1,2;1,5 mm.

Rooj7: Dav ntawm cov ntawv rau plywood ntawm ntau hom, mm
Ib hom veneer Thiab chav kawm II chav kawm III chav kawm
Radial, semi-radial thiab tangential 130 100 80
Tangentially - frontal 200 150 100

Deviations los ntawm cov ntawv sau thickness qhov ntev (hauv mm) raug tso cai:

  • Rau veneer thickness 0,8 mm - ± 0,05 
  • Rau veneer thickness 1,0 mm - ± 0,08
  • Rau veneer veneer 1,2 - 1,5 mm - ± 0,1

Cov av noo ntawm veneer yog 10 ± 2%.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntoo zoo, veneer yuav tsum tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm. Cov nplooj ntawv veneer yuav tsum muaj lub tiaj tiaj tiaj, tsis muaj roughness, khawb, tawg thiab hlau stains.