Ukhuni luyinto eguquguqukayo kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kunye nezicelo ezisusela kulwakhiwo kunye nokwenza ifenitshala ukuya kwimisebenzi yezandla kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa. Enye yezinto eziphambili ezichaphazela kakhulu iimpawu zokhuni kukufuma kwayo. Ubumanzi bomthi budlala indima ephambili ekumiseleni amandla, ukuqina kunye nokufaneleka kweenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ukufuma kweenkuni kubhekiselele kumthamo wamanzi akhoyo kwisakhiwo seselula. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakaliswa njengepesenti yobunzima bomthi ngokumalunga nobunzima bamanzi aqulethwe kuwo. Ukufuma komthi yipropathi eguquguqukayo etshintsha ngokweemeko zokusingqongileyo, ezifana nokufuma komoya kunye nobushushu.
Amanzi kwisakhiwo somthi
Amanzi afunyenwe emthini angahlelwa ngokweendidi ezintathu: amanzi asimahla, amanzi angekho kwi-athesion kunye namanzi adityaniswe ziikhemikhali. Eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu kwimithi ngamanzi akhululekile, ahamba ngeenqanawa zobunzima bomthi kwaye kukho ubuninzi balo emthini njengoko kukho imigodi. Amanzi e-Athesion ngamanzi abophekileyo ngokwasemzimbeni, okwenza imicu yomthi. Amanzi abotshelelwe ngamachiza ayinxalenye yeeseli ezenza iinkuni. Ngexesha lokomisa, amanzi asimahla aqala abe ngumphunga, emva koko akhuphe amanzi. Amanzi abotshelelwe ngamachiza akanakususwa emthini ngokomiswa.
iinkuni kulwakhiwo
Ubungakanani bamanzi emthini phantse ngamaxesha onke kufuneka bulawuleke phambi kokusetyenziswa ngokungaphaya kulwakhiwo. Ukhuni olunomswakama ophezulu luyakwazi ukuphuhliswa kwefungi kunye nokubola, okusongela ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukhuni kufuneka luqhube inkqubo yokomisa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo kunye nendawo apho ukhuni luya kubakho, umthamo womswakama womthi omtsha kufuneka uncitshiswe kwixabiso elifanelekileyo. Ukomisa kuphucula iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye nezomatshini zokhuni, ezifana: nokuphucula iimpawu zokugquma kwe-thermal kunye nokunamathela kunye ne-adhesives, ukwandisa amandla kunye nokuchasana nokubola, ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kombane, ukusetyenziswa lula kweeleyile zokukhusela.
Ukomisa iinkuni kunokwenziwa ngokwemvelo okanye ngokwenziwa. Ukomiswa ngokwendalo komthi kuphunyezwa ngokubeka iinkuni kwiifestile kwindawo evulekileyo okanye egqunyiweyo. Le yinkqubo yezoqoqosho ngenxa yokuba ayifuni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ongezelelweyo, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo iyacotha, idinga indawo enkulu yamahhala kwaye iyingozi yomlilo. Ngale ndlela yokumisa, unokufumana ukhuni nge-15 % umswakama, kwaye ixesha elingakanani liya kumisa kuxhomekeke kubunzima bokhuni (ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kunyaka kunye nesiqingatha). Ukomisa okwenziwe ngokwenziwa kuqhutyelwa kwizomisi zokhuni, ngezikhathi ezithile okanye ngokuqhubekayo, ngokujikeleza kwendalo okanye ukunyanzeliswa komoya kunye nomphunga wamanzi. Inkuni ifudunyezwa kuqala ngomphunga kwiqondo lobushushu le-70–80 °C, ize yomiswe ngomoya owomileyo kubushushu obuyi-50–60 °C.
Isimo esifanelekileyo sokugqibela somthi sixhomekeke kumswakama womoya ojikelezileyo, kunye nobushushu bawo, ekubeni ukhuni luyimpahla ye-hygroscopic kakhulu - inokukhulula okanye ifumane amanzi kumoya ojikelezayo kude kube ukulingana, oko kukuthi ukufuma kwe-hygroscopic kufikelelwe. Ukufuma okulinganayo kukufuma okwenzeka ngenxa yokuvezwa komthi emoyeni ixesha elide. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko apho isakhiwo sokhuni siya kubakho, umswakama wokhuni kufuneka ube: 6-12% kwizakhiwo kwiindawo ezifudumalayo; 9-15% kwizakhiwo kwiindawo ezivaliweyo, ezingenakufudumala; 12-22% kwizakhiwo kwindawo yangaphandle; 30% kwizakhiwo emanzini.
Ukuncipha kunye nokudumba
Umthi unento-ehlala ingasebenzi kakuhle-yepropathi yokunciphisa umthamo wayo xa yomiswa, ngaloo ndlela icutheka. I-Shrinkage iqala ngokukhawuleza ukuba umswakama womthi ungonelanga ukukhusela iifibers ezisuka kwi-25% ukuya ku-30% umthamo wamanzi; ngokuncipha okungaphezulu komswakama, umthamo wokhuni nawo uyancipha. Ukuvunwa kweenkuni kwahlukile kwiindlela ezintathu eziphambili; yeyona inkulu kwicala le-tangential kwi-fibers, incinci (malunga nesiqingatha sobuninzi) kwicala le-radial, kwaye incinci kakhulu okanye ayibalulekanga ngokuhambelana nemicu.
Ukuze unciphise ukuguqulwa komthamo wezinto eziphathekayo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, utshintsho olunqamlekileyo kwiifibers luthintelwe ngokudibanisa enye iplanga ngeefiber ezibekwe ngokuphambeneyo. Ukwahlulahlula iinkuni zobuchwephesha kwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo (umthi odityanisiweyo njengeebhodi zeepaneli, iibhodi zeveneer, iiplanga zobugcisa ezidityanisiweyo). Ukongeza, utshintsho lwevolumu lunokuncitshiswa lube lukhulu okanye luncinci ukuba iinkuni zikhuselwe ngezinto ezithintela ukufunxwa kwamanzi, kunye ne-bituminous kunye nezinye iingubo.
Into echaseneyo ne-shrinkage kukuvuvukala komthi - ukwanda kwemilinganiselo yomgca kunye nomthamo opheleleyo wokhuni ngenxa yokunyuka komswakama. Ukuvuvukala kuyingozi kuzo zonke iintlobo zokhuni, kwaye kule meko kubalulekile ukugxininisa impembelelo yokuvuvukala kwi-parquet. Ukuvuvukala kubangela i-deformation kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemithi ngendlela egobileyo okanye ephothiweyo. Oku kuyonakalisa ngokulinganayo imbonakalo yobuhle kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-parquet - iingubo zokugqibela zomthi zihlukaniswe kwaye ziqhekeke. Ukongeza kokuchaphazela i-aesthetics ebonakalayo ye-parquet, ukuvuvukala kunciphisa amandla okhuni, okukhokelela ekubeni buthathaka kwesakhiwo kunye nokunyuka kwengozi yokuphuka.
Ukuqonda kunye nokulawula ukufuma kwemithi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kweemveliso ezenziwe kobu butyebi bendalo. Nokuba ungumchweli, umakhi okanye unomdla wokuzilibazisa, indlela enenkathalo kumxholo wokufuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela ezifanelekileyo zokulinganisa kuya kuba negalelo kwimpumelelo yeeprojekthi zakho kunye nokuzinza ngokubanzi koshishino olusekwe ngamaplanga.
Ukuba iinkuni ezizinzile kunye nezomiswe kakuhle zibalulekile kuwe, jonga iifestile zomthi, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam kwaye ucele unikezelo.