Momwe mungapezere makina moyenera
M’masitolo masiku ano, mutha kupeza makina ang’onoang’ono osankhika okhala ndi zida zambiri ndi zida ndi zida zapadera, zomwe ndizotheka kukulitsa kwambiri gawo lantchito. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti tisanagule makina oterowo, nthawi zonse ndi bwino kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito chida chamanja zomwe tingachite pambuyo pake ndi makina. Mwanjira imeneyi, titha kupeza makina enieni omwe timafunikira, komanso ndi zina zowonjezera, motsogozedwa ndi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale. Pamapeto pake, tidzatha kugwiritsa ntchito makinawo moyenera. Ndi bwino kuyang’ana, musanapange chisankho, ngati kuli koyenera. Ntchito yofananayo yochitidwa ndi manja imafunikira nthaŵi yochuluka ndi khama; makinawo, kumbali ina, ali ndi mtengo wake, amatenga malo, amafunikira kukonza. N’chifukwa chake ndi bwino kufunsa kuti makinawo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito zingati kwa mwezi kapena chaka komanso ngati adzatha kuwasunga pamalo osavutikira.
Pafupi tonsefe timakhulupirira kuti titha kuchita mwachangu komanso mosavuta mothandizidwa ndi makina zomwe sitingathe kuchita ndi chida chamanja. Nthawi zambiri ndi chinyengo. Titapeza makina okhala ndi zida zoyenera, titayesa zingapo zolephera, timazisiya ndipo, choyipa kwambiri, kusiya gawo lonse la ntchito. Munthu amakhalabe wotsimikiza kuti gulu la ntchito zomwe makinawo amapangira sizomwe angathe kuchita. M’malo mwake, njira yomveka iyenera kutsatiridwa: choyamba phunzirani kugwira ntchito ndi manja, kenako ndikugula makina.
Ndani sadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola pamanja, adzagwiritsanso ntchito kubowola kwamagetsi molakwika, kapena zotsatira zosasangalatsa. Aliyense amene sadziwa kuwona matabwa, mapanelo kapena laths ndi macheka dzanja nthawi zonse kupeza zotsatira zoipa ndi unyolo macheka, ndi chiopsezo kuvulazidwa, makamaka ndi macheka zozungulira. Ngati simukudziwa kukulitsa chisel ndi mwala wa whet, simungathe kutero ngakhale pa chopukusira chamoto chozungulira. Nthawi yophunzirira pamanja ndiyofunikiradi tisanafike kuntchito mothandizidwa ndi makina ndi zida zawo zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira.
Kubowola magetsi ndi cholinga chake
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mabanja asanu ndi atatu mwa mabanja khumi ku US ali ndi makina obowola magetsi, ndipo asanu ndi mmodzi mwa khumi ali ku UK. Kubowola kwamagetsi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pobowola mabowo, kumatha kuyikidwa pachoyimira ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kubowola benchi (monga “kubowola” kowona mu shopu yamakina) kapena kumangirizidwa ku zida zozungulira. Itha kukhalanso ngati injini kuyendetsa zinthu zingapo zosiyanasiyana ndikuisintha kukhala macheka, macheka ozungulira, kapenanso lathe yopangira matabwa. Kwenikweni imakhala ndi chotengera cha lamellar chokhala ndi maburashi ndipo chimatha kupanga torque yayikulu ngakhale yolemetsa. Motowo umayendetsa shaft yomwe imanyamula pamwamba pamutu wozungulira ndi zogwirira zitatu zomwe zimangiriridwa mozungulira shaft ya kubowola kapena chida china chozungulira chisanagwiritse ntchito. Kulimbitsa kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi, chowonjezera chofunikira chomwe nthawi zonse chimabwera ndi kubowola ndipo chimayikidwa pamwamba. Mfungulo imayikidwa mu dzenje lolingana ndikuchita ndi magiya pamutu pamutu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kukonza kubowola ndi dzanja sikungakhale kolimba mokwanira, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito wrench yokhala ndi nsagwada zopindika kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mutu weniweniwo.
Bowolo lamagetsi nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mawonekedwe amfuti, pa chogwirira chake pamakhala chosinthira chothandizira injini. Mwanjira ina, kukanikiza switch kumayambitsa kubowola kutembenuka; kuyitulutsa kuyimitsa kubowola. Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi mitundu yonse imakhala ndi batani lotsekera pambali, pafupi ndi chosinthira. Mwanjira iyi, kubowola kumapitilirabe kugwira ntchito ngakhale titatulutsa chosinthira. Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri pobowola, koma makamaka pamene kubowola kwamagetsi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati injini yamakina osiyanasiyana (makina amphero, lathe).
Zigawo zamkati
Nyumba ya pobowola magetsi imakhala ndi zigawo zake zoyambira: tsinde la mutu, lomwe limagwiridwa pa chotchinga cholimba chomwe chimatetezedwa ku fumbi ndipo sichimafuna mafuta. Shaft ya motor shaft imatumiza zosintha kupita ku drill head shaft kupyolera mu magiya ndipo imanyamula fan yoziziritsa. Pa chogwiriracho pali capacitor, ya mphamvu yoyenera yolumikizidwa ndi maburashi agalimoto, (kuthekera kumadalira mawonekedwe agalimoto). Ntchito ya capacitor ndi kuchepetsa kuwomba pakati pa maburashi ndi osonkhanitsa pamene galimoto yamagetsi ikuyenda. Kuwombera kungayambitse kusokoneza mawailesi ndi ma televizioni m’zipinda zoyandikana (kung’ung’udza ndi mizere pawindo), kotero ndilo lamulo lokhazikitsa ma capacitor oletsa kusokoneza osati pobowola magetsi, komanso m’nyumba zonse zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi galimoto yokhala ndi chosonkhanitsa ndi maburashi.
Kubowola kwamkati kwamagetsi okhala ndi mota yowoneka, kutumiza ndi chuck.
Mitundu ya kubowola magetsi
Kubowola kothamanga kamodzi
Pali zobowola zamitundumitundu zomwe zikupezeka m’masitolo masiku ano, komanso zosiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe. Chitsanzo choyamba ndi chophweka ndi chopepuka komanso chotsika mtengo, chomangidwa mochuluka kapena mochepera monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Maonekedwe okha, kulemera kwake (kuchokera kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka mpaka ma kilogalamu atatu), mphamvu (kuchokera200volts kutha400volts) ndipo pali miyeso yosiyanasiyana ya kubowola ndi zida zomwe zimatha kumangirizidwa kumutu wozungulira. Zobowola zambiri zimakhala, kuwonjezera pa chogwirira, chogwirizira chothandizira chomwe chimayikidwa pambali ndikukhazikika m’nyumba, chomwe chimalola kugwira bwino ndikuwongolera pakubowola panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.
Komabe, gawo lalikulu la gulu ili la kubowola magetsi ndikuti ali ndi liwiro limodzi lokha logwira ntchito, lomwe lingasinthenso mosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku chitsanzo kupita ku chitsanzo: kuchuluka kwa zosintha pamphindi pa mphindi zina.800, mu zina1.800,2.500ndi ngakhale3.000. Izi ndizomwe zimabowola ndi kusintha kwakukulu, chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumakhala kochepa.
Mabowo okhala ndi ma liwiro angapo
Zobowola izi zimasiyana ndi zam’mbuyomu chifukwa zimatha kuzungulira pawiri kapena zinayi. Kapangidwe kake ndi kofanana ndi komwe tafotokozera kale, kokhako ndikokulirapo komanso kolemetsa, chifukwa magiya a gearbox amayeneranso kuyikidwa mnyumbamo. Apo ayi, gearbox imayendetsedwa kuchokera kunja pogwiritsa ntchito lever yoyenera. Gulu lachiwiri la kubowola ndi okwera mtengo pafupifupi ndi20-30%, koma imapereka mwayi wochulukirapo wogwiritsa ntchito ndendende chifukwa liwiro limatha kusinthidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ali oyenerera kubowola zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa ndi zina ndizofunika kukhala ndi liwiro lochepa komanso mosiyana. Liwiro lokonzedwa bwino limateteza pobowola ndi nthiti zobowola, ndipo mabowo amapangidwa bwino kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kubowola kothamanga kwawiri kumatha kuyatsidwa750kuzungulira pa miniti, kapena pa1.900, ndi kubowola-liwiro anayi kungakhale600,850,1900ndi2700kuzungulira pamphindi.
Zobowola zokhala ndi makina osinthasintha komanso zobowoleza zophatikizika
Gulu lachitatu la zobowola lili ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe chimasintha mozungulira mozungulira mutu mkati mwa zozungulira zotsika kwambiri komanso zapamwamba kwambiri, i.e. kuchokera 0 kupita mwachitsanzo 2000, kodi kuchuluka kwa masinthidwewo ndi kotani. Chipangizochi chimayatsidwa kuchokera kunja pogwiritsa ntchito chogwirira, kaya kubowolako kukugwira ntchito kapena kuzimitsa.
Mitundu yophatikizika ikugulitsidwanso, yomwe, kuwonjezera pa gearbox, imakhalanso ndi chosinthira chamagetsi chosalekeza. Zikatero, miyeso ya kubowola, kulemera ndi mtengo ndithu kuwonjezeka, koma pa zosintha otsika, makokedwe ndi apamwamba (kwa injini yomweyo mphamvu), kuposa chitsanzo ndi sintha, koma popanda gearbox. Torque yapamwamba iyi, pa liwiro lotsika, ndiyofunikira pa ntchito zina.
Kubowola nyundo
Zobowola monjenjemera (zobowolera monjenjemera, zobowolera nyundo) zili ndi chipangizo chomwe chimatha kuyatsidwa kapena kuzimitsidwa ngati pakufunika, ndipo chomwe chimawonjezera kumutu kuyenda mothamanga, molunjika chakutsogolo kuwonjezera pakuyenda kwake kozungulira.
Chotero chida, kuwonjezera pa kutembenuza, chimagundanso, mwachitsanzo, ma beats pamwamba pomwe timagwirirapo ntchito. Kubowola kwamphamvu kumatha kukhala ndi liwiro limodzi, kumatha kukhala ndi ma gearbox awiri kapena anayi, kumatha kukhala ndi njira yosinthira yosinthira pogwiritsa ntchito chosinthira chamagetsi, kapena, kuphatikiza, ma-speed ambiri komanso chosinthira chamagetsi. Mofananamo, zitsanzozi zimakhala zolemera kwambiri, zazikulu, zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zodula kwambiri. Chipangizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati kuli kofunikira kubowola mizati yolimba ya konkriti, masitepe, makoma a njerwa olimba, makoma amwala. Kunyumba, nthawi zambiri, ntchito zoterezi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Pakhoza kukhala kufunikira koyikapo (dowel) muzitsulo zina zolimba za konkire, koma ndi khama komanso kuleza mtima pang’ono, zikhoza kuchitika ndi kubowola popanda kuyendetsa galimoto. Pachifukwa ichi, zida zogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa ngati zida zaukadaulo. M’malo mwake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amalonda omwe amaika mipando yolendewera, magetsi, ma plumbers, zopangira gasi, omanga omwe amaika masitepe ndi njanji, mafelemu a zitseko ndi mazenera, ngakhalenso osema amakono.
Kubowola kothamanga kosiyanasiyana, kapenanso bwinoko, kokhala ndi chosinthira chamagetsi chosalekeza, kumatha kuchita (chothandiziracho chikazimitsidwa) ntchito zonse zomwe zimabowola popanda chida choterocho, kotero kuti ngakhale amateurs amatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito popanda zovuta. Koma mtengo wokwera (womwe ukhoza kukwera kwambiri, ngakhale kuwirikiza kawiri pamitundu yofananira yosakhudzidwa), sungakhale wolungamitsidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi.
Boolani pobowola khoma.
Kuthamanga kozungulira kutengera zinthu
Funso la liwiro, mwachitsanzo. chiwerengero cha kusintha kwa mphindi imodzi ya kubowola magetsi ndi yofunika kwambiri, ndipo tidzayesetsa kusonyeza izi pa chitsanzo cha kubowola dzenje ndi spiral kubowola. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kuthamanga komwe m’mphepete mwa kubowola kumachotsa tchipisi (kudula liwiro) kumayenderana ndi liwiro la kuzungulira kwa kubowola (ndipo chifukwa chake mutu wobowola), i.e. m’mimba mwake wa kubowola komweko. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, izi zikutanthauza kuti pa chiwerengero chomwecho cha kusintha kwa kubowola, kudula liwiro, kapena kulowa mu zinthu, kubowola pang’ono diameters osiyana si chimodzimodzi. Kuti zotsatira za ntchitoyo zikhale zabwino, kuthamanga kwa kuzungulira sikuyenera kupitirira malire ena, chifukwa mwinamwake kubowola kudzawonongeka. imatentha kwambiri, imachepetsanso, (imatha kuuma) ndipo imatayanso m’mphepete mwake - sichimadulanso. Masekondi angapo a ntchito pa liwiro lokwera pang’ono ndikwanira kuwononga pobowola. An kutenthedwa kubowola mluzu, smoothes pansi dzenje, m’malo mozama izo, ngakhale pamene ife kuumirira, mwachitsanzo. timayesetsa kulowa mwakuya ndi mphamvu, koma popanda zotsatira.
Kuthamanga koyenera kumadalira zinthu zomwe ziyenera kubowoledwa: ndizokwera mtengo, aluminiyamu ndi ma aloyi ake ndi mkuwa. Liwiro labwino kwambiri ndilotsika kwambiri pazitsulo wamba, ngakhale kutsika kwa zitsulo zapadera, komanso kutsika kwambiri pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, mkuwa ndi mkuwa.
Kubowola mofulumira, ndi liwiro limodzi, kotero ndi koyenera kukumba nkhuni ndi aluminiyamu, pamene zitsulo zina zimatha kuponyedwa ndi ma diameter ang’onoang’ono, ndendende kuti zisapitirire kuthamanga kovomerezeka kovomerezeka. Liwiro ili silinafotokozedwe momveka bwino: nthawi zonse limakhudza kulolerana kwakukulu, koma zomwe sitiyenera kupitilira. Tinganene kuti kubowola pa liwiro (rpm) pansi kwambiri pa optimum kumaimira kutaya nthawi; koma khama lathu lidzapindula ndipo tidzagwira ntchitoyo bwino.
Komabe, kugwira ntchito pa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri kuposa momwe kulili koyenera kumapangitsa ntchitoyo kukhala yovuta kwambiri, ngati sizingatheke, ndiye kuti imawononga zobowola, kumafuna khama komanso kutaya nthawi. Ngati, ngakhale izi, timatha kubowola dzenje, nthawi zambiri timachita moyipa (m’mimba mwake wa dzenje ndi wamkulu kuposa momwe amabowola, amapeza mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, otsetsereka osafunikira, makoma a dzenje amakhala opindika, zinthu zimatenthedwa, ndi zina zotero). Choncho, n’zoonekeratu kuti, ngakhale pamene tikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola magetsi kokha pobowola mabowo a diameters wamba (kuchokera 2-10 millimeters), tiyenera kulabadira liwiro ndi kusankha kugula zitsanzo pang’onopang’ono, osati mofulumira, ngati, ndithudi, sitili otsimikiza kuti tidzagwiritsa ntchito matabwa okha ndi aluminiyamu.
Kuganiza kotereku kumagwiranso ntchito pazinthu zina zomwe zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi kubowola kwamagetsi. Chida chilichonse, kaya ndi rauta, kugaya chimbale, gudumu labala ndi ubweya wopukuta, whetstone, burashi yachitsulo yozungulira kapena chida china, chimakhala ndi liwiro labwino kwambiri (motero liwiro lozungulira), lomwe nthawi zambiri limawonetsedwa ndi wopanga phukusi. Kukula kwa maulendowa ndi ochuluka kwambiri koma omveka bwino: tidzatha kugwiritsa ntchito burashi yachitsulo kuchotsa utoto wakale kuchokera ku mpanda wachitsulo pa liwiro lalikulu; 10-12 diski ya rabara ya centimita yopukutira mipando kapena magalimoto iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa liwiro lotsika kwambiri. Vuto likuwoneka bwino pamene kubowola kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galimoto yoyendetsa makina osiyanasiyana; kukonza zinthu zina ndipo makina aliwonse ali ndi liwiro lake momwe amagwirira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, wopanga akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zosintha zomwe zimagwirira ntchito bwino pamakina. Ngati taganiza zogula kubowola kwamagetsi pamanja, ndiye kuti tcherani khutu ku zomwe tanena kale: kubowola ndi luso lotha kusintha liwiro ndikwabwino (mwina ndi gearbox yokhala ndi magiya, kapena ndi makina amagetsi), chifukwa ziwerengero zotsika ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa zapamwamba.
Mwina wina angafunse kuti zimatheka bwanji kuti pakhale mitundu yambiri ya liwiro limodzi logulitsidwa, nthawi zina yokhala ndi ma rev okwera kwambiri (ngakhale mozungulira 3000)? Yankho lake ndi losavuta: kubowola magetsi kwapamanja kwa nyumba kumachokera ku USA, dziko lomwe matabwa ndi ofunika kwambiri pomanga. Choncho, zinali zomveka kupanga chida chogwirira ntchito ndi matabwa pomangira nyumba, ukalipentala ndi ukalipentala. Ma Model omwe amatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa zosintha, pogwiritsa ntchito gearbox kapena chosinthira chamagetsi, adawonekera pambuyo pake, ndikusankha kowonjezereka kwa zida zosiyanasiyana zobowola ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati galimoto yoyendetsa zida zosiyanasiyana zamakina. Popeza palibe tsiku lomwe limadutsa popanda mtundu wina watsopano wa zida zowonjezera zomwe zimatuluka, zomwe zimakulitsa kwambiri mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito kubowola, omanga akuwongolera mochulukira, makamaka kubowola kothamanga kwambiri. Kumeneko kungawonjezedwe kuwonjezereka kwazitsulo zoterezi pamsika wa ku Ulaya, kumene nkhuni m’nyumba sizili zofala kwambiri, komanso kuwonjezereka kwa ntchito zobowola zitsulo, zomwe zimafuna kuthamanga kwapansi.
Kubowola ndi magetsi
Bowolo lamagetsi pafupifupi nthawi zonse limatha kusintha kubowola kwapamanja ndi magiya kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa mutu. Koma, sichingalowe m’malo mwa kubowola pamanja m’ntchito zina zaukalipentala, monga pamene tifunikira kubowola mabowo akhungu, kapena mabowo okhala ndi mainchesi aakulu. Pobowola mabowo m’makoma, (kupatula konkriti yolimba, njerwa zolimba ndi miyala) poyika zoyikapo, kubowola kwamagetsi, makamaka ngati kumagwira ntchito pa liwiro lalikulu, sikuyimira phindu lalikulu pa kubowola khoma lamanja. Sitingasungire ndalama zambiri molimbika kapena nthawi, ndipo ngati tigwiritsa ntchito mosazindikira, titha kuwononga kwambiri (kuphwanya pulasitala pozungulira dzenje, kubowola oval kapena dzenje lalikulu, ndi zina zotero). Ngati tigwira ntchito ndi kubowola kukhudza, ndipo ndi mphamvu yaikulu, ife ndithudi timapangitsa ntchito yathu kukhala yosavuta ndi kufulumizitsa ntchitoyo, koma ngakhale pamenepo tiyenera kusamala, chifukwa ndi chitsanzo cha kubowola, kubowola pang’ono mosavuta ndi mofulumira limalowa mu dzenje, popanda ngakhale kuzindikira zakuya, ndipo tikhoza kuwononga mapaipi a mapaipi, gasi kapena kukhazikitsa magetsi, ndi ma conductor onse. Choncho, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chida chamanja poyamba, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola magetsi, makamaka ndi galimoto yoyendetsa, pokhapokha mutadziwa zambiri.
Zopota zobowola zopangidwa ndi chitsulo
Kubowola kwamagetsi kumatha kukhala ndi zida zambiri zowonjezera, motero kukula kwa ntchito yomwe ingagwire kumakulitsidwa kwambiri. Komabe, nthawi zambiri imayamba ndi chida chozungulira chomwe chimangiriridwa mwachindunji pamutu wobowola. Mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, tipeza kaye zobowola. Mitundu iwiri yofunika kwambiri yobowola yomwe tiyenera kukhala nayo ndi zitsulo zachitsulo komanso zotchedwa vidya zomwe nsonga zake zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zolimba kwambiri. Tipeza zida zamitundu yonse iwiri, masikelo omwe amapita m’mwamba ndi theka la millimita, kapena ngakhale kotala la millimita ngati tikufuna kuyenda mwamakina.
Zobowolera zokhota zachitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zitha kukhala zokulirapo pang’ono. Zobowola zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri, ngakhale ndizotsika mtengo, zimatayika pakanthawi kochepa ndipo sizoyenera kugwira ntchito zapanyumba. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chobowolacho chimakhala chosalimba kwambiri kuti chinole kuposa momwe amaganizira nthawi zambiri ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupangira kunyumba, ngakhale pogwiritsa ntchito chopukusira cha benchi chokhala ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsira ntchito pobowola pa ngodya yoyenera ndikulola kuti pang’onopang’ono kuzungulira pang’ono pamene chopukusira chikunola. Popeza kubowola kotereku sikokwera mtengo, kumalipira ndalama zambiri kuzitaya kusiyana ndi kuzinola. Zikayamba kuzimiririka, timazisunga pobowola matabwa, omwe nthawi zambiri safuna kubowola. Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pobowola matailosi adothi ndi nyundo.
Seti ya tizibowo ta spiral tokonzedwa molingana ndi diameter.
Drill Bits
Seti yachiwiri, kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimatchedwa vidia drill bits (dzina limachokera ku imodzi mwa makampani oyambirira kuti agulitse chida chodulira ndi zitsulo zolimba zowotcherera pamasamba ake) siziyenera kukhala zambiri monga kale. Carbide ndi zinthu zopangira (zosakaniza zazitsulo zachitsulo ndi ufa zomwe zimatenthedwa pansi pa kukakamizidwa kuti zipange alloy compact alloy) zomwe zimakhala ndi njere zolimba kwambiri za carbide, tungsten, kapena titaniyamu, pamodzi ndi chitsulo china chomwe chimakhala ngati chomangira, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala cobalt. Timbale ting’onoting’ono tiwiri tazitsulo zolimbazi timazikulunga m’mbali ziwiri zogwirira ntchito za nsonga yobowola. Mwanjira iyi, masambawo amazimiririka pakapita nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuposa masamba opangidwa kuchokera kuzitsulo zabwino kwambiri. Komanso, zobowola za vidia zimatha kupirira kuthamanga kwambiri chifukwa zimalimbana kwambiri ndi kutentha komwe kumayamba pakubowola. Inde, ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa ma HSS twist drills.
Kubowola konkire yolimba
Kubowola kwa Vidia kumatilola kubowola mabowo m’mipingo kapena denga la konkire lolimba m’nyumba. Tizichita mosamala, kawiri kapena katatu. Choyamba tibowola mocheperako (monga 3mm kubowola mwachitsanzo), ndiye kuti tibowolanso ndi zobowola zokulirakulira, kamodzi kapena kawiri, mpaka titapeza dzenje la m’mimba mwake lomwe tikufuna (mpaka 10 mm). Pamabowo okhala ndi mainchesi okulirapo, tiyenera kubowola mogwira ntchito komanso kubowola korona (mkati mwabowo, mano opangidwa moyang’anizana ndi maso mozungulira kuzungulira kwa korona).
Kupanda kutero, amisiri onse amakwinya akamakamba za kubowola konkire yolimba, chifukwa zobowola ndizowonongeka (ndipo sizingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chitsulo), ndipo zobowola zokha zimatha kusweka. Potsirizira pake, pali ngozi kuti mabowo obowola adzakhala eccentric, oval kapena oblique. Komabe, kubowola mu konkire yolimba kumakhala kosowa m’nyumba, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi ndondomeko yomwe yafotokozedwa ndi kuleza mtima pang’ono, nthawi zambiri munthu amapambana pa ntchitoyi.
Zida zam’manja ndi zina
Zida zotembenuza zokhala ndi shaft yokonza pamutu wobowola magetsi
Pali zida zambiri zomwe zimasiyana ndi zobowola ndipo ndizoyenera ntchito zina, zomwe timazilumikiza kumutu wobowola mofanana (pogwiritsa ntchito shaft yachitsulo yomwe imanyamula chida). Izi ndizo, choyamba, zida zogaya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe (zochotsa khungwa kuchitsulo), pogaya seams welded. Ndiye pali ocheka, ndiye zitsulo maburashi ndi ulusi wa waya kufanana kapena radially anaika poyerekezera ndi olamulira a kasinthasintha, ndi amene timagwiritsa ntchito kuchotsa utoto ndi dzimbiri pa zitsulo. Palinso ma disc a labala omwe timayikapo zinthu zonyezimira pokonza bwino kwambiri pazitsulo, zowoneka bwino kuposa maburashi azitsulo, zopukutira zitsulo, ndi zina zotero. Sizingatheke kupereka chithunzithunzi chonse apa cha zida zonse za rotary zomwe drill imodzi yokha yamagetsi ingagwiritse ntchito. Mulimonsemo, m’masitolo a hardware ali ndi zida za zidazi, ndipo zidzakhala zosavuta kupeza zomwe mukufunikira pa ntchito inayake, komanso kuti mudziwe zambiri za zinthu zatsopano zomwe zatuluka.
Zitsanzo za maburashi a rotary, miyala yopera ndi rasping disc.
Chingwe chowonjezera
Chowonjezera chimodzi chapadera, kapena chabwinoko, ziwiri pamodzi, zimatilola kugwiritsa ntchito chida chosunthika chomwe tafotokoza pamwambapa, mosavuta komanso pamalo abwino ogwirira ntchito. Izi ndizoyimira zoyenera zomwe kubowola kumamangiriridwa (wopanga aliyense ali nawo posankha magawo amitundu yawo yobowola) komanso kufalikira kosinthika - chingwe chozungulira chokhala ndi chogwirira ndi mutu wofanana ndi mutu wobowola, womwe titha kulumikiza zida zilizonse zomwe tatchulazi. Mwanjira iyi, titha kuteteza kubowola ndikuyika chida cholumikizidwa ndi chingwe pamalo abwino kwambiri ogwirira ntchito. Mwa njira, zingwe zoterezi zimapangidwa mosiyanasiyana (ngakhale kupitirira mita).
Chotero, kufufuta mpanda, kusita mbali ya mipando ina, kupukuta zitsulo zina ndikosavuta kwambiri ndi chowonjezerachi, kusiyana ndi pamene tiyenera kugwira chobowola chonsecho m’manja mwathu ndikuchisunthira kumalo osiyanasiyana. Chinthu chimodzi chofunikira ndi chakuti choyimilira chomwe chili ndi chobowolacho chimakhala chokhazikika.
Borani pa choyimira ndi chingwe chosinthika kuti musinthe malo ogwirira ntchito.
Zida zobowolera zamagetsi
Masitolo ali ndi zida zobowola mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwera penapake pakati pa zida ndi zida zapadera, makina apadera. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kupeza screwdriver ndi kasupe ndi kugwirizana kokangana komwe kumagwirizanitsa ndi kubowola kwamagetsi, m’malo mwa mutu. Mukapanikizidwa, screwdriver imayamba kuzungulira (imafuna kubowola kocheperako) pomwe zinthu ziwiri zolumikizirana zimakanikizana ndikutumiza zozungulira kuchokera ku mota yamagetsi kupita kunsonga ya screwdriver. Mukalimbikira kwambiri, screwdriveryo imatembenuka mwachangu. Chipangizo chomwecho chikhoza kukhala ndi ma wrenches a chitoliro, motero chimathandiza kumangitsa zomangira ndi mtedza. Ndi chida ichi, timapeza ndalama zambiri panthawi yomwe tifunika kumasula kapena kupukuta muzitsulo zambiri. Kuyika koyambira koyamba kumachitika ndi dzanja, koma kenako kubowola kwanthawi yayitali komanso kotopetsa kumachitidwa ndi kubowola kwamagetsi.
Zowonjezera zina, zomwe zimayikidwa pakati pa kubowola ndi socket, zimalola kuchepetsa ndikusintha liwiro la kubowola. Ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasintha magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mizere. Mwanjira iyi, kubowola kapena makina aliwonse okhala ndi mota yamagetsi amatha kusinthidwa kukhala mtundu wothamanga.
Palinso chowonjezera chomwe chimayikidwa pamutu pobowola ndikulola kusonkhanitsa, panthawi yogwira ntchito, utuchi kapena fumbi (ngati akugwira ntchito pakhoma kapena padenga). Monga zowonjezera zowonjezera zamagetsi, ma adapter amapangidwanso omwe amalola kuti zida ziyikidwe pamutu wobowola zomwe zikanafuna mutu waukulu kapena wosiyana. Monga chida chamtundu, palinso chowongolera, chomwe chimatilola kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola ngati chosakanizira cha utoto wapakhoma, ma varnish, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosakanikirana yotsika. Monga njira yomaliza, ngati yatsukidwa bwino, imatha kukhala ngati chosakanizira kukhitchini.
Pamene zida zatsopano komanso zatsopano zatsopano zimatulutsidwa pamsika, sikuli bwino kuyenderana ndi zomwe zikuchitikazi poyendera masitolo apadera nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kubowola kwamagetsi pamalo oyimirira okhala ndi lever yotsitsa ndi yokweza.
Drill stand
Mu ntchito yamakina, nthawi zambiri timaboola mabowo m’malo odziwika bwino, kapena muzinthu zazing’ono. Pachifukwa ichi, opanga kubowola pamanja amapereka malo apadera okhala ndi lever kuti achepetse kapena kukweza pobowola. Pansi pamunsi, choyimiliracho chili mu mawonekedwe a tebulo laling’ono lomwe ntchitoyo imayikidwa. Tisanayambe ntchito, tiyenera kukonza workpiece ndi lathyathyathya clamp. Pansi (choyimilira) ndi kubowola motero amapanga benchi kubowola - makina omwe ndi ofunikira pamisonkhano yamakanika onse. Mu jargon, amatchedwa “sensitive”, chifukwa kuthamanga kwa kubowola pang’ono pa chinthu akhoza finely anamva ndi kulamulidwa kudzera m’chingwe, kotero kuti munthu akugwira makina akudziwa ndendende ngati kubowola pang’onopang’ono amalowa bwino.
Mitu yofananira: macheka ang’onoang’ono, makina opangira matabwa ndi zida, makina opera, kupanga mawindo amatabwa ndi zitseko ndi ntchito. kukonza.