Masiku ano, Savo Kusić amayang’ana kwambiri mazenera amatabwa, mazenera a matabwa a aluminiyamu, mazenera amwambo, khomo ndi zopempha za mawu. Mawuwa amakhalabe malo osungiramo zojambula zapakhomo ndipo siwopereka kupanga kapena kukonza zokambirana.
Gome lantchito ndi kusungirako zida
Ngati tiyika msonkhano m’chipinda chapansi, titha kupanga tebulo logwirira ntchito kuchokera kuzinthu zolimba komanso zamphamvu (chithunzi 1). Ndi bwino ngati tebulo likukhazikika pakhoma ndi kumanzere ndi kumbuyo kwake, komwe tingathenso kulumikiza. Zida zing’onozing’ono, m’malo mwa chipinda, zikhoza kuikidwa pa bar yomwe imayikidwa pakhoma (chithunzi 2). Zikatero, muyenera kuyika nsalu yotchinga ya PVC kuti muteteze chidacho ku fumbi ndi madzi omwe amawombera panthawi yogwira ntchito.
SLIKA 1
Zojambula pazithunzi2ndi3 mogu kutipatsa malingaliro amomwe mungasinthire benchi wamba kukhala benchi ya kalipentala, momwe mungasungire zida ndi momwe mungalumikizire zogwiriziza za alumali.
SLIKA 2
Kuunikira kwa msonkhano
Ngati kuyatsa kwachilengedwe kwa kauntala sikuli kokwanira, tiyenera kukhazikitsa nyali, zomwe zitha kusinthidwa kukhala momwe tikufunira. Choyenera kwambiri ndi nyali yokhala ndi chotchinga chopindika (chosinthika) kapena nyali yokhala ndi choyikapo nyali ndi cholumikizira mpira, chomwe chimakokedwa ngati accordion (chithunzi 3, gawo lapansi).
SLIKA 3
Kuunikira kwabwino n’kofunikanso kuti ntchito yachipambano ikhale monga zida zabwino. Kuunikira kuyenera kukhala kwabwino osati kwa chinthu chogwirira ntchito komanso chipinda chonse.
Kuwala kwachindunji, kocheperako komanso kosalunjika
Babu wamba wokhala ndi kuwala kwachindunji, nthawi zambiri amapachikidwa pakati pa chipindacho, amapereka ngakhale kuwala kofooka pamene mphamvu yake ili pamwamba. Gwero la kuwala kwachindunji limapanga mithunzi yamphamvu ndipo pamaso pathu kuwala ndi malo amdima zimasakanikirana ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Powonjezera mphamvu yowunikira, kusiyanitsa kumawonjezeka, (Mkuyu4).
SLIKA 4
Ngati tiyika galasi lowoneka bwino lamkaka pansi pa gwero lowunikira kuti liwongolere kuwala, timapeza kuwala kocheperako. Mbali yaikulu ya kuwala komwe kumaunikira kauntala imagwedezeka ndikubalalika kuchokera pamakoma, ndikupanga mithunzi yofewa yokha.
Timapeza kuwala kosalunjika ngati kuwala kochokera ku gwero la kuwala sikufika kwa ife mwachindunji, koma kumabalalika ndikuwonekera kuchokera kumalo owala a khoma. Ndiye palibe mithunzi.
Kuti tipeze kuwala kofanana kwambiri, tiyenera kuwonjezera mphamvu ya gwero la kuwala mu kuunikira kwapakati pa njira imodzi, komanso kuwunikira kosalunjika. Ndi bwino kuunikira chipindacho ndi kuwala kosalunjika, komwe kumaunikira chipinda chonsecho mofanana popanda kusiyanitsa kwakukulu - koma zinthu za counter ndi ntchito ziyenera kuyatsidwa mwachindunji. Titha kupereka kuwala kofunikira kokha ndi kuyatsa kwachindunji.
Zinthu zogwirira ntchito, zowerengera ndi makina aziunikira m’njira yoti kuwala zisalowe m’maso. Tikayika gwero la kuwala pansi pa mlingo wa diso, kuyatsa kumakhala bwino. Kuunikira kwabwino kwambiri ndi pamene kunyezimira kwa kuwala kumalunjikitsidwa pa chinthu kuchokera komwe timayang’ana maso athu. Ndiye sitiwona gwero la kuwala kapena kunyezimira kwa chogwirira ntchito ndikupewa zoyipa zake (chithunzi 5).
SLIKA 5
Pantchito yomwe imafuna kuyatsa kwamphamvu (mwachitsanzo, popanga), timasamala makamaka kuti gwero lowunikira liunikira bolodi, koma sitingathe kuliwona. Maso amavutitsidwa kwambiri ndi magalasi owala omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku kuwala kowoneka bwino. Panthawi yojambula, magalasi oterowo amapangidwanso pamizere yosamba, yonyezimira komanso yowoneka bwino. Ngati n’koyenera, mphindi zochepa ziyenera kuperekedwa pakuyika koyenera kwa nyali.
Kuunikira kwa chipinda ndi kauntala kudzagwirizanitsidwa bwino kwambiri, ngati tiunikira chipindacho ndi gwero lounikira losalunjika lomwe limayikidwa pamwamba pa mlingo wa diso, ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito, popanda kuwala, ndi kuwala kwachindunji pansi pa mlingo wa diso (chithunzi 6).
SLIKA 6
Omwe amagwira ntchito ndi dzanja lamanja aziyika nyali kumanzere, kuti dzanja lamanja, lomwe likuyenda, lisaponye mthunzi pa chogwirira ntchito. Mitundu yowala ya makoma ndi denga imathandizanso kwambiri pakuwunikira zipinda. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yowunikira m’chipinda chowunikira bwino kumakhala pakati pa 15 - 45% (ndi kuyatsa kosalunjika ndikotsika). Kuchuluka kopindulitsa kuposa 50% sikutheka.
Ntchito zabwino kwambiri zimafuna kuunikira koyenera. Zojambula zathu zikuwonetsa kuwunika kochepa, kwapakati komanso kopitilira muyeso kwa chipindacho ndi ntchito yowonetsedwa mwapamwamba (chithunzi 7).
SLIKA 7
Pomaliza, timapereka malingaliro ofunikira pang’ono kuti akwaniritse cholinga, matupi owunikira amakono (chithunzi 8). Tipanga gwero la kuwala kwa tebulo losakhala lachindunji kuchokera mumphika wamaluwa wapulasitiki, chitsulo cha konkire chokhala ndi ma decimita angapo utali ndi chivindikiro cha mphika umodzi wokulirapo. Pansi pa mphika, timayika khosi la babu ndikuliphimba ndi gypsum kuti babu, yomwe imapindika pambuyo popotoza, isatuluke mumphika. Timapanga miyendo itatu ndi mphete imodzi kapena ziwiri kuti tiphimbe kuchokera kuchitsulo cha konkire. Timagwirizanitsa miyendo ndi mphete pamalo okhudzana ndi rivets kapena soldering, kenaka timayika mphika pakati. Timayika chivundikirocho ndi wononga kumtunda wathyathyathya ndi perforated kumtunda kwa miyendo. Timajambula pamwamba pa chivindikirocho ndi utoto wonyezimira, chifukwa umasonyeza ndikubalalitsa kuwala. Timajambula choyimira mumtundu wofanana ndi mtundu wa nyali.
Kukana kuwala kochokera ku machubu a fulorosenti kungatheke mosavuta ndi kachidutswa kakang’ono ka kutalika koyenera, koyenera kutsekedwa mbali zonse ziwiri poyamba. Timangirira mbali izi kumabulaketi a machubu a fulorosenti pogwiritsa ntchito mtedza wa agulugufe.
Gwero la kuwala, lomwe limapereka kuwala kosalunjika, lingathe kupangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu ziwiri zolumikizidwa zachitsulo zomwe zimagulitsidwa kwa wina ndi mzake ndi chosungira chitsulo cha konkire. Wowongolera nyali yowala sayenera kuyima molunjika, koma mbali yakumunsi yokhotakhota pang’ono ku khoma, kotero kuti imayatsanso pansi, pamakoma (mkuyu 8).
SLIKA 8
Ndipo pomaliza, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri magetsi osalunjika (kusiyana ndi omwe akulunjika), komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mabilu amagetsi, kumathetsedwa ndi thanzi losungidwa la maso athu.
Kupanga ndi kulimbikitsa benchi yogwirira ntchito
Ngati pali malo okwanira, tikhoza kuyika matebulo awiri ogwira ntchito a msinkhu wofanana pafupi ndi wina ndi mzake mu msonkhano. Kumanzere kwa tebulo payenera kukhala benchi ya ukalipentala ndi benchi ya vise, ndipo kumanja, benchi yopangira zitsulo, yokhala ndi mavisesi komanso mwina chotchinga.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha workbench ndi mphamvu. Zilibe kanthu ngati desikiyo ndi yosawoneka bwino komanso yayikulu. Ndikofunikira kokha kuti imalimbana ndi kukakamizidwa kwa mphamvu zazikulu panthawi yogwira ntchito. Ngati titembenuza tebulo wamba kukhala tebulo la ntchito, tiyenera kulimbikitsa mfundo zake. Njira yosavuta yolimbikitsira tebulo ndikumangirira chimango cholimbitsa chopangidwa ndi matabwa (makulidwe 10-20 mm, m’lifupi80-100mm). Kujowina ndi misomali sikokwanira. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito wononga matabwa, makamaka zitsulo wononga ndi nati, chifukwa akhoza kumangika ngati iwo anamasuka (chithunzi9gawo1).
Pambuyo polimbitsa gawo lapamwamba la tebulo, timakonza miyendo ndi ma slats omwe amaikidwa mwa diagonally a miyeso yofanana. Chopingasa chokonza miyendo yam’mbali chiyenera kugwa chakumbuyo mwendo, ndipo pokonza kumbuyo kwa tebulo, kugwa kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere kumawoneka kutsogolo (chithunzi).9gawo2). Tikayikanso kulumikizana kwa diagonal kokhazikika ndi zomangira kuchokera kutsogolo, kulumikizanaku kuyenera kuchoka kumanzere kupita kumanja kutsika. Ngati crossbar ili kutsogolo kwa tebulo, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri imakhala m’njira, choncho ndi bwino kukonza miyendo kuchokera kumbali pogwiritsa ntchito ma slats opingasa, omwe timagwirizanitsa ndi maulendo awiri omwe amafanana ndi makwerero (chithunzi).9gawo3).
Ndikofunikiranso kwambiri kuti tebulo pamwamba pa tebulo likhale lathyathyathya, lamphamvu komanso lalitali. Nthawi zina pamafunika kuonjeza makulidwe a mbaleyo kapena m’malo mwake ndi yamphamvu. Sikokwanira ngati mbale yokhayo imakhala yolimba, ndiyofunika kuti ikhale yokhazikika. Izi zimatheka mosavuta ndi mapulagi odzigudubuza amatabwa1-1,5 cmzomwe timayika pamwamba pa mbaleyo pakatikati pa mwendo (mkuyu9gawo4)·
SLIKA 9
Ngati sitingathe kupeza matabwa kuchokera2,5-3 cmwandiweyani, ndiye timagwiritsa ntchito ziwiri zowonda kwambiri zomwe timamatira pamodzi ndi tepi, kenako ndikuzimanga ndi zomangira ndikuziyika pamodzi pa chimango.
Zida zopangira ndi zogwirira ntchito zazitali
Pakukonzekera, matabwa ayenera kuthandizidwa. Chisa cha tebulo ndichogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, pobowola4x4masentimita omwe timadula pamwamba pa tebulo, masentimita asanu ndi limodzi kuchokera kumbali yake yakumanzere, ndi masentimita asanu kuchokera kutsogolo.10 cm(chithunzi9gawo5). Pakhomoli mutha kuyikamo chitsulo chothandizira chachitsulo, chomwe nthawi zambiri sichimapangidwa ndi chitsulo koma chopangidwa ndi matabwa olimba.3,5x3.5 cm. Kumbali imodzi ya chithandizochi, timamanga chitsulo chopindika cha L chokhala ndi zomangira2mmamene mapeto ake cantilevered amadulidwa mu mawonekedwe a nkhunda. Mwa kukanikiza boarding board motsutsana ndi chithandizo ichi ndi ma spikes awiri, titha kugwirira ntchito popanda kuwopsa kwa kusunthira kumbali. Kumbali ina ya chithandizo, timangiriza kasupe wachitsulo chathyathyathya ndi washer wokhotakhota pogwiritsa ntchito screw. Kasupe uyu amalepheretsa chithandizo chotsitsidwa kuti chisagwere mu chisa, mwachitsanzo, chimagwira chothandizira pamalo ena okwera (mkuyu. 10, gawo l).
SLIKA 10
Titha kupanganso chipangizo china chomangirira chomwe tidzalumikiza ndi zomangira kumanzere kumanzere kwa tebulo. Thandizo liyenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku chidutswa cha mtengo wolimba, chomwe tiyenera kuchimanga kuti mbali yake yokhotakhota iyang’ane kutsogolo kwa tebulo. Mapulani omwe m’mphepete mwake timawayika amatha kukhazikika pamalo opendekekawa, omwe amatha kupindika ngati atathandizidwa ndi chitsulo. Mwanjira iyi, tithanso kukonza matabwa omwe amayikidwa molunjika (mkuyu10gawo2).
Ngati tikukonza mbali yowonda kwambiri ya bolodi lalitali kuposa lalikulu, timagwiritsa ntchito matabwa, omwe amachotsedwa pansi pa tebulo. Miyendo iyi ndi yopingasa6x6 cm, ndipo ikhoza kuyikidwa pakati pa tebulo pamwamba ndi mbale yowonjezera yowonjezera kutali ndi tebulo6,2-6,5cm. Ngati pakufunika, timakoka matabwa mpaka kutalika kofunikira ndikuyika bolodi lomwe tikugwira ntchito (mkuyu10gawo3.)
Kukonza zinthu zazitali, miyendo imafunika, yabwino kwambiri yomwe ndi yomwe kutalika kwake kumatha kusinthidwa (Mkuyu 11gawo1).
Tiyeneranso kutsindika kuti ndikofunikira kudula poyambira, mozama5-10 cmndi m’lifupi12 cm, m’mbali yonse ya kutsogolo kwa tebulo pamwamba pa tebulo, chifukwa imatha kutenga zida zomwe sitikusowa kwa kanthawi.
SLIKA 11
Pomaliza, tikuwonetsa bokosi losavuta lomwe titha kuyimilira. Titha kutengeranso bokosili kumalo ena antchito mnyumbamo (chithunzi11gawo2).
Mengele ndi ntchito yotetezeka
Mang’oma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo, kutengera zofunika kwambiri, asasiyanitsidwe ndi kauntala ya ukalipentala. Ayenera kukhala olimba, olimba komanso okhoza kupirira kukankha ndi kukoka mphamvu (monga kusungitsa). Ndikofunikira kuphimba mbale ya mangel ndi chitsulo kapena PVC mbale ya makulidwe 0,5-1 mm. Iyenera kukhala yosalala komanso yoyenera kuchotsa mosavuta mafuta ndi dothi. Zinthu zapulasitiki ndizoyenera pokhapokha ngati sitikuwotcherera, solder kapena kutentha patebulo la ntchito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chophimbacho sichiyenera kuwonetsedwa ndi mphamvu zotentha kwambiri.
Zingwe zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvomera zinthu. Pogula, tisaiwale kuti zinthu zing’onozing’ono zimatha kulowa m’mangels akuluakulu, koma zazikulu sizingathe. Zolinga zapakhomo, nsagwada zokhala ndi nsagwada pafupifupi 100 mm ndizoyenera kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti tigwirizanitse mangles kumbali yakumanja ya kauntala, pafupi ndi miyendo. Zoyipa zabwino zimasinthidwa kuti zinthu zantchito zomwe zili mkati mwake zitheke.
Zoyipa zosunthika pamanja zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chogwiriracho chili m’manja. Mbali ina, yofunikira kwambiri ya mangel ndi chivundikiro, cha miyeso yaying’ono, yomwe timameta ndi kupindika nayo zinthu. Chophimbacho chiyenera kutsekedwa ndi pirani pamwamba pa mwendo umodzi wa tebulo, apo ayi kulemera kwake ndi mphamvu yake ikhoza kuwononga gulu la vise counter.
Mangels akuyenera kugwiridwa mosamala. Zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kumangika nthawi zonse pakati pa nsagwada. Ngati izi sizingatheke, chifukwa cha kutalika kwa chinthucho, ndiye kuti chidutswa cha makulidwe omwewo chiyenera kuikidwa m’nsagwada kumapeto kwina. Zikatero, ulusi wa mangel sudzapunduka.
Mangle atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chotchinga chaching’ono ngati pali kagawo kowongola.
Chigawo chofunikira cha kauntala ya vise ndi kabati imodzi yolimba yotetezedwa kuti isagwe, momwe timasungiramo zida ndi zoyezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi.
Zolemba ndi zojambula zimasamutsidwa kuchokera ku gwero la mbiri yakale ndipo si ntchito ya msonkhano, kukhazikitsa magetsi, kuyatsa, mpweya wabwino kapena chitetezo cha moto. Malo apansi angakhale ndi chinyezi, mpweya wosakwanira, fumbi, zipangizo zoyaka moto komanso kuopsa kwa magetsi. Osakonza zolumikizira ma mains kapena chitetezo cha nyali; ntchito yamagetsi iyenera kuchitidwa ndi munthu woyenerera. Gwiritsani ntchito makina okhala ndi alonda oyenerera, kuyamwa, zida zodzitetezera komanso molingana ndi malangizo a wopanga.