Okuqukethwe kokwakhiwa kwenqolobane: umbhalo ugcina incazelo yomlando yophahla nemininingwane ye-facade kanye nezinqubo zokulungisa zangaleso sikhathi. Akuyona iphrojekthi, ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo esikhona, imfundo yesimanje yezobuchwepheshe noma isimemo somsebenzi ozimele ekuphakameni. Isimo sophahla, izindonga, ukuvala, ama-gutters, ukhonkolo, izinto ezifakwayo kanye namajoyinti kufanele kuhlolwe uchwepheshe. Ukusebenza ophahleni kudinga uhlelo lokuvikela ukuwa, ukufinyelela okufanele, izimo zezulu kanye nosonkontileka oqeqeshiwe; ukubopha nje ngentambo akwanele.
Namuhla, i-Savo Kusić igxile emafasiteleni okhuni, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium, amafasitela ngokwezifiso, umnyango kanye nezicelo zekhotheshini. Lesi sihloko sihlala siyingobo yomlando futhi asimeleli isithembiso sokwenziwa kophahla, i-facade noma imisebenzi yensimbi yeshidi.
Umsebenzi wama-eaves ukuvikela izinhlangothi zezindonga emanzini naselangeni kanye nokuhlinzeka indawo yokukhosela kwabadlula ngendlela. Ama-Atuls achazwa embhalweni wokuqala ngokuyinhloko njengezinto zokuhlobisa, kuyilapho ngaphansi kwewindi anendima efana ne-eaves.
Isixazululo esingokomlando se-Attica
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ama-facade ane-attics ayedumile (isithombe 1, ingxenye 1). Lapho kuhlangana khona uphahla nezindonga, udonga luphakanyiswe ngaphezu kwezinga lophahla, futhi imvula iqoqwa kuthango phakathi kwe-attic nophahla. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi olungaphandle lwe-attic lumbozwe ngeshidi elinothayela. Umbhalo wokuqala uchaza lesi sixazululo njengesinqotshiwe ngenxa yokushiyeka okuningana.
Njengobubi, kuyashiwo ukuthi igutter ayikwazi ukudonsa amanzi amaningi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke amanzi aqoqiwe angangena ngaphansi kwamathayili ophahleni angene ku-attic. Uma i-tin lining yonakalisiwe, i-attic iba manzi, futhi ukulungisa kungathatha isikhathi eside. Ukufinyelela ku-gutter kunzima ngoba umonakalo awukwazi ukusondelwa ngeladi elivamile.
Inqubo yomlando embhalweni iqala ngokuhlanza ama-gutters, ukuthola nokukhipha iphutha, bese ihlola udonga kanye nokhonkolo ngaphansi kweshidi lokuvikela elikhishiwe. Uma umonakalo udlulela ngaphansi kwesembozo sophahla, ukususwa kwendawo kwesembozo nakho kuyachazwa.
Isibonelo sophahla olunama-eaves nama-gutters.
Sebenzisa ophahleni nama-gutters: ukuhlanza, ukuvula ikhava nokulungisa ukukhanya kungabangela ukuwa, isici sophahla esiphukile, ukungena kwamanzi noma ukulimala okufihliwe esakhiweni. Ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe, ukufinyelela okuphephile kanye nohlelo oluphelele lokuvikela ukuwa olulingana nesakhiwo nomsebenzi kuyadingeka.
Izindlebe ezilula
Ama-eave alula kakhulu embhalweni wokuqala adalwe ngokunweba amapulangwe ahlala ekhoneni lezindonga eziseceleni; ingxenye ephezu kodonga yakha ama-eaves (isib1, ingxenye2).
Amabhodi abekwe ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zemishayo, ezakha uphahla lwama-eaves, bese kuba ungqimba lokugcina. Imiphetho engaphezulu yemishayo iphinde ifakwe amabhodi lapho kunamathiselwe izibambi ze-gutter (Fig.1, ingxenye3). Izinkinga ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa ukubola kwamabhodi okuvala kanye nokulimala kokhonkolo oluphansi.
Umbhalo womlando uchaza ukubethelwa kabusha kwengxenye ehlanjululwe futhi emanzi, kanye nokususwa kwamabhodi awonakele, ukusika amasha, ukubethelwa nokubethelwa kabusha. Kodwa-ke, ukulungiswa kwesimanje kufanele kuqale ngokuthola imbangela yomswakama kanye nokuhlola izinkuni, amalunga, umoya, ama-gutter kanye nokulimala okungenzeka kwebhayoloji.
Image 1 — izingxenye zomlando ze-attic kanye nezixazululo ezimbalwa zama-eaves.
Isithombe 2 — ukumelwa okungokomlando kwedizayini, isisekelo nomugqa we-atula.
Ukhuni olubolile nokhonkolo olonakele: ukufaka esikhundleni sengxenye ebonakalayo akwanele kuze kutholakale umthombo wamanzi. Ngaphambi kokukhipha okokusebenza, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi ingabe ingxenye inalo yini indima, ukuthi ingabe kunemicu eyingozi noma ama-coatings nokuthi ukuhlanganiswa obala kuzovikeleka kanjani emvuleni.
Izindlebe ezinwetshiwe neziphukile
Ama-eaves angaxazululwa ngokumisa amapulanga ngokuphelele ku-cornice, bese uwanweba ngamabhodi aqinile abe yimishayo ye-canopy. Umbhalo wangempela uthi ukulungisa kuyafana nowangaphambilini nokuthi isandiso singasuswa uma kudingeka (isithombe 1, ingxenye 4).
Ngezandiso ezimbili zamapulangwe, uthola i-canopy ene-engeli encane yokuthambekela kunophahla. Umbhalo uthi ukuphumula okunjalo kunciphisa amandla e-kinetic emvula ngaphambi kokungena emgodini, kuyilapho imishayo ihlezi phezu kwe-cornice, futhi i-canopy ihlala ekuphakameni kwezindonga.
Lolu hlobo lwe-canopy luchazwa njengolufinyeleleka kancane kusuka ngaphandle, futhi lufinyeleleka kancane ukusuka ku-attic. Isixazululo esifanayo siyashiwo ngemishayo kakhonkolo eqinisiwe nezisekelo zensimbi, ezinezinsiza ezinamathiselwe ngezikulufo.
Umkhawulo wokwakha: amapulanga, izandiso, i-cornice, imishayo kakhonkolo eqinisiwe, izisekelo zensimbi noxhumo lwazo akushintshi ngokuya ngencazelo evamile evela ku-athikili yengobo yomlando. Usayizi, ukugqwala, isimo sokhuni, ukulayishwa kweqhwa nomoya, nokuhambelana kwezinsimbi kudinga ukubuyekezwa nokubalwa ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe onelayisensi.
Ukulungisa i-Atula
Izindawo ezinkulu zodonga ngaphezulu nangaphansi kwamafasitela ngaphambili zazihlotshiswe ngama-atula. Umbhalo wokuqala uthi kunzima kakhulu ukuwalungisa futhi agcina uthuli nemvula.
Ukuze uthole ucezu oluncane oluphukile, ukulungiswa ngodaka oluqinile ngemva kokumanzisa kuchazwe, kanye nokubunjwa ngamatrowel amancane namatrowel ngokuya ngephrofayili ekhona. Uma ingxenye enkulu ingekho, umbhalo uchaza ukususwa odongeni (Fig2, ingxenye2), ukuqoshwa kwangaphambilini okunembile kwephrofayili kanye nokudalwa kwesifanekiso sokhuni esinama-engeli angakwesokudla (Fig2, ingxenye1).
Endaweni ehlanziwe, inqubo yomlando ibona kusengaphambili izinti zensimbi namanethi ocingo, bese kufakwa ukhonkolo ezingqimbeni eziningana. Isendlalelo sokugcina sishiywe kancane, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane sokumisa, iphrofayili icutshungulwa ngesifanekiso.
Ingozi evela ezingxenyeni eziwayo ze-facade: Ukhonkolo oklebhukile, insimbi egqwalile, ukhonkolo ohlukanisiwe noma insimbi yeshidi ngaphezu kwephaseji namafasitela kudinga ukuvikela indawo engezansi kanye nokuhlolwa okuphuthumayo okuphuthumayo. Ukwengeza amabha, ama-mesh, noma udaka ngaphandle kwesizathu esimisiwe nokusekelwa okuqinisekisiwe kungakhuphula isisindo kunokubuyisela umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo nokuqina.
I-Atula nayo ichazwa embhalweni njengokhonkolo noma i-prefabricated. Izinto zokukhweza ezilimele zibhekwa njengokunzima kakhulu ukuzilungisa, ngakho-ke ukushintshwa kucacisiwe. Ukuze uthole i-atula entsha ekhonkolo, incazelo yomlando idinga indawo engaphezulu eshelelayo okungenani5° ukuthambekela ngasensimini kanye nokuconsa emaphethelweni angaphandle angaphansi kokujula okungenani2 cm.
Ama-atulas ngaphansi kwefasitela achazwa nge-coating of galvanized sheet kanye nemiphetho yokukhipha amanzi. Ukuze kulungiswe lezi zimbobo, ulwazi oluyisisekelo lomsebenzi wensimbi luyadingeka (Fig2, ingxenye3).
Umbhalo ekugcineni ukhuluma ngokumboza i-atula ngamashidi ezinto zokwenziwa, ukuyihlanganisa esizeni nokuyishisela ndawonye, ngepuleti elingaphambili elide elithatha indima yethreyi yokudonsa.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo, amaflashi kanye nokushisela: umthambeka, ukuconsa, amalunga, ama-expansion and fastenings kufanele kuhambisane nesistimu ye-facade ethize kanye nemiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Ungashisi “impahla yokwenziwa” engaziwa noma wenze umsebenzi oshisayo ku-facade ngaphandle kokuhlonza impahla, ukulawula umlilo kanye nosonkontileka oqeqeshiwe. Indwangu kufanele ihlanganiswe nefasitela kanye nezingqimba zokuvikela amanzi ukuze amanzi aphumele ngaphandle ngokuphephile.