Isexwayiso Esibalulekile Sokuphepha: Lona umbhalo womlando wengobo yomlando, hhayi iphrojekthi yesimanje yasekhaya yokusebenzela. Ukufakwa kukagesi, amandla kagesi aphezulu, ukususwa noma ukuvala iminyango, ukungena odongeni, ukungena komoya, ukusebenza ngama-coatings namandla okuthwala umthwalo wefenisha egoqayo kudinga isheke lemithethonqubo esebenzayo kanye nochwepheshe abafanelekile. Ungasebenzisi izinyathelo ezichaziwe nezinqubo ngaphandle kokuhlola ukwakhiwa kwangempela, ukufakwa kanye nemikhiqizo.
Lo mbhalo awuyona ingxenye yomnikelo wamanje we-Savo Kusić, ogxile kumawindi, iminyango nezisombululo ezihlobene.
Ishabhu yasekhaya kanye neshabhu elincane efulethini
Ukube nginempahla, ukube nginethuluzi elihle! Ingabe lokhu akukona ukububula okujwayelekile kwabantu abafuna ukwenza i-DIY ekhaya labo? Uma lezi zifiso ngandlela thize ziba ngokoqobo, ezintsha zithatha indawo yazo: Ukube nginendawo, ukube ngineworkshop encane…
Impela, wonke umuntu emndenini ufuna okuthile kule ndawo! Umama wekhaya ngokuvamile ufuna ukuthi izitsha zakhe zokusebenza zinyamalale ngemva kokusetshenziswa, zaminza endlini, ifenisha. Ingane ifuna ikona okuthi uma lidingeka libe yindawo yokufunda. Futhi ubaba, “umnumzane endlini”, ufuna ishabhu elincane lapho angabeka khona izinto zakhe ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukunethezeka kwanoma ubani. Ufuna leyo nkundla yokusebenzela iqine futhi iqine ukuze ihlangane, kube namanzi nogesi eduze, ukuthi ikhanyiswe kahle, ayidingi ukuvikelwa okukhethekile kwezindonga naphansi, njll.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokusebenzela ekhaya kuthonywa kakhulu izimo zendawo ezinikeziwe. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le workshop kufanele ifudumale futhi ingene umoya, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokudweba nokuvanisha. Uma engekho amawindi, ukukhanya kokwenziwa kufanele kube namandla, okungcono 220 V, mhlawumbe 380 V we-voltage yamapayipi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ibe nesistimu yokukhipha amanzi kanye ne-drainage system.
Ngale njongo, ishede, ikhona legaraji noma igumbi elingaphansi lifaneleka kakhulu. Uma singakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngalawa makamelo, singahlomisa ishabhu ekhoneni elilodwa lefulethi, i-niche yefasitela, ukuvulwa komnyango ovaliwe noma obiyelwe. Lokhu akudingi umsebenzi omningi.
Igumbi lokusebenzela elihlanganisiwe
Singazenzela thina ngokwethu le khabhinethi. Uma livuliwe, limelela ithebula lomsebenzi, futhi uma ligoqiwe, sigcina amathuluzi kulo (isithombe 1, ingxenye engaphezulu)
Isithombe sibonisa ishabhu eyodwa enjalo esingayifaka ekuvulekeni komnyango ongasetshenzisiwe. Okokuqala, okudingeka kwenziwe kuleso simo ukunyamalala komnyango, okungukuthi ukulungisa kabusha iminyango nokuvuleka kweminyango. Lolu hlobo lomnyango ongasasebenzi lungasetshenziswa nangezinye izinjongo. Iyiphi inhloso esizonquma ngayo incike ekujuleni kokuvula. Indawo engashoni ingasetshenziselwa umtapo wolwazi, nokuvuleka okujulile kwendawo yokusebenzela okukhulunywa ngayo, kanye nekhabethe lezithombe, ikhabethe lezithombe, ikhabethe lezingubo noma ikhona le-TV nesiqopha mazwi (isithombe 1, ingxenye 2). Esimeni sakamuva, kungenzeka futhi ufake isipikha se-stereo.
SLIKA 1
Amathiphu okulungisa ukuvulwa komnyango
Uma singasawudingi umnyango, futhi ukuntula kwawo akuphazamisi ukwakhiwa kodonga, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuwususa bese uvula isitini. Kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngodonga olufanele lwezitini ze-giter 6-10 cm olunamekwe ngodaka lwe-perlite noma olunye udaka oluhlinzeka ngokufakwa okukhulu kokushisa.
Uma ukwakhiwa kodonga kungavumeli ukukhishwa komnyango, sivala imbobo ngodonga lomhlanga, ubukhulu 5-10 cm, esiyibopha ngama-slats ezinhlangothini zombili kanye ne-plaster nge-gypsum mortar. Ibhodi likamoba litholakala ngobukhulu 100 h 200 h 5 cm, okungukuthi 10 cm futhi lingasikwa ngesaha ngokuya kobukhulu obudingekayo. Lokhu kufaka odongeni kuyisivikeli esishisayo esikahle, kodwa akumele sikugcizelele (isb. ngokubethela amashalofu). Singalayisha kuphela izinhlangothi zokuvuleka komnyango noma uhlaka lomnyango.
Isixazululo esidinga ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezinto simboza umnyango ngokuhambisana nefenisha ekhona yegumbi elinikeziwe. Siqala lo msebenzi ngokuvala umnyango, sisuse i-hardware ephumayo (i-knob, isihlangu) futhi sivale igebe ngemicu yokuvala. Manje sikhiya umnyango futhi siwubophele okhunini ngezikulufo. (Okhiye kufanele bagcinwe ukuze ukwazi ukuvula umnyango kamuva!)
Isigaba esilandelayo somsebenzi ukumboza. Isembozo kufanele sivumelane nefenisha yegumbi. Ingenziwa nge-chipboard ne-plywood, ibhodi lokuhlobisa elinemibala, kanye ne-jute enwetshiwe lapho iphepha lodonga linamathiselwe khona. Kufanele siqale senze i-substrate yekhwalithi ezindaweni zokunamathisela kwanoma iyiphi into yokuhlanganisa. Senza ukufakwa komsindo nokushisa kusuka kungqimba lwesipontshi esisizwayo, esiyigwebu noma izendlalelo ezimbalwa zephepha likathayela, ngokuzibeka phakathi kweqabunga lomnyango nesembozo.
Iphaneli yenziwa kuqala engxenyeni evaliwe yokuvula, bese emaceleni. “Sisusa” imiphetho yangaphakathi ethintayo yomugqa wezinhlangothi kanye nengxenye evaliwe yokuvula ukuze senze imigqa eseceleni ilingane kangcono. Izikhala ezivelayo phakathi kwamapaneli aseceleni kanye nezindonga zohlangothi lwangaphandle zimbozwe ngama-slats. Sithola isisombululo esingcono ngokuvala lezi zikhala ngohlaka lwamapulangwe olunwetshiwe olubanzi oluqinisa amaphaneli aseceleni. Ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zefreyimu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ulimi kanye ne-groove diagonally noma amapulaki. Singakwazi ukwenza ukushiyeka kokwenza amakhona ezindawo zokuxhumana ngama-slats ekhoneni. Ukunamathisela ulwelwesi emnyango omdala, ngesakhiwo esidwetshiwe ngaphambili, kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izipikili zebhayisikili ezincane, izikulufa zokhuni ezinekhanda le-lenticular elifakwe ama-washer okuhlobisa noma ama-caps.
Ukufakwa kwemishini kufanele kwenziwe ezindaweni ezimakwe ngaphambilini. Sizonquma lezi zindawo ngaphambi kolayini. Ngokumba ukuhlolwa, sizoqinisekisa umthamo wokuthwala wezindawo ezimakiwe. Izikrini ezithwala imithwalo kufanele zingene emishayweni yamafreyimu eminyango yamapulangwe, ngoba amabhodi okuhlobisa eminyango yezakhiwo ezindala awanawo umthwalo. Ukuze uthwale impahla esindayo, amadowel kufanele abekwe odongeni ngaphambi kokwendlalela udonga.
Singcolisa i-chipboard ne-plywood cladding ngemibala efanelekile yefenisha nezindonga ngaphambi kokupholisha. Ngemva kokuba ibala lomile, ulwelwesi lungapholishwa noma luvanishwe. Sibeka kuphela amashalofu endaweni evulekile yomnyango eguqulwe yaba ikhabethe lezingubo, futhi sinamathisela ulayini wangaphandle ngezikulufu ngqo emnyango.
I-WARDROBE-workshop
Sizokwethula ishabhu lekhabhinethi elinesixazululo esisha (isithombe 2). Yenziwe ngekhabethe elidala lokugcwalisa amahhovisi, amapuleti amasha nemilenze ngefenisha endala.
Kusuka emdwebeni, kuyabonakala ukuthi le khabhinethi ayiboshelwe endaweni, iyiyunithi ezimele futhi kulula ukuyivula uma isetshenziswa.
Okubalulekile kuthathwe kumabhodi wephaneli noma izingxenye zefenisha yakudala. Amabhodi anogqinsi oluthi 3/4“ afaneleka kakhulu“. Amashalofu amancane angaphakathi, okuphansi kwamadrowa, kanye nengxenye engemuva engaphakathi yekhabethe zenziwe ngeplywood ne-chipboard enogqinsi 4-6 mm.
SLIKA 2
Ngekhwalithi ephezulu nokuqiniswa kwephaneli yangemuva, singakwazi ukuvimbela ikhabhinethi ukuthi ingatsheki ibheke eceleni.
Sixhuma izindawo eziyisicaba ngeglue, bese sivikela ukuxhumana kwazo ngepulaki yokhuni.
Indawo yokusebenza kufanele ibe banzi kunobubanzi bekhabethe (ngobukhulu bayo yomibili imilenze).
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunamathisela indawo engaphezulu yetafula ekuphakameni okufanele iwukuba amahinge epiyano, kubo bonke ububanzi betafula. Lawa mahinge kufanele amiswe ezindaweni eziningana ngezikulufo eziqinisekisa amandla namandla okuthwala umthwalo wetafula. Ukuzinza kwetafula esimweni esivulekile kuhlinzekwa ngama-hinges akhethekile. Lokhu kuxhumana, njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, ngakolunye uhlangothi kuvikela itafula, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvimbela itafula ekuvuleni okungaphezu kwalokho okuhlosiwe. Akunakwenzeka ukulungisa imilenze yetafula nge-crossbars, ngoba bazokwenza kube nzima ukuhlanganisa imilenze. Kungakho sixhuma iziphetho ezingenhla zemilenze etafuleni ngamahinge ahlehlisiwe. Ukujula kwe-recess kufanele kuhambisane nobukhulu beqabunga lehinge. Indlela yokuvala ithebula ikhonjiswe ngokuningiliziwe esithombeni 2.
Ifenisha yengxenye engaphakathi yewodilophu kufanele ihambisane nezidingo zomsebenzisi. Lokhu kusebenza futhi ekunqumeni inombolo nobude bamadrowa. Singasebenzisa futhi uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lweqabunga lomnyango elivala ingxenye engaphezulu yekhabethe. Emashalofini amancane, njengoba kuboniswe emdwebeni, amabhokisi epulasitiki namashidi wezikulufu nezipikili angafakwa kalula, okuyohlale kuseduze.
Umbala wezindawo ezingaphandle zekhabethe kufanele ufane nendawo ezungezile. Ingenziwa ivarnish nge-varnish engenambala, noma ingapendwa ngombala ofanele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokucubungula esiyikhethayo, izindawo ezingaphezulu kufanele ziqale zihlanzwe futhi zi-ayinwe, futhi imiphetho kufanele ifakwe i-sandpaper. Kufanele futhi sinake isikhathi sokumisa, okuyinto ngokwemiyalo okufanele siyilandele, phakathi kokusebenzisa izingqimba zopende.
Kwanele ukumboza izindawo ezingabonakali zangaphakathi ngebala likawoyela eligcina impahla futhi linike amandla ukuhlanzwa kwakho kalula.
Ideski, elifana nelangaphambilini, lenziwe ngekhabethe lehhovisi elinamadrowa. Ingaphezulu lethebula lizinze kakhulu futhi lingaphatha umsebenzi nabahleli. Ithebula lomsebenzi elenziwe ngale ndlela liqukethe ikhabethe elihlukile elinamakhabethe okugcina amathuluzi kanye netafula elingaphezulu elingabekwa kalula noma lilengiswe odongeni (isithombe 1, ingxenye engaphezulu). Sicela uqaphele ukuthi leli bhentshi lokusebenzela lisetshenziselwa ukwenza leyo misebenzi engadingi isikhala esiningi (i-radio amateur, imodeli, ugesi, i-amateur yesithombe, ukulungisa amathoyizi, njll.). Ukuvula nokulungisa ibhentshi lokusebenzela kwenziwa ngokunyakaza okuningana. Siqale sisuse ikhabethe elinamadrowa endaweni yalo, bese siliphusha ngaphansi kwengaphezulu elivuliwe letafula.
Ophahleni lwetafula, singasebenzisa ibhodi lokudweba elikhudlwana, elidala. Singenza itafula phezulu ngokwethu kusuka kumabhodi esiwaxhuma komunye nomunye ngama-slats asuka ngezansi. Ngokuvula itafula, lawa ma-slats, ngaphezu kwendima yawo eyinhloko, avimbela ukunyakaza kwekhabhinethi ngamadrowa ngoba alibiyela ezinhlangothini ezimbili.
Siqinisa ingaphezulu letafula ngama-slats kuma-slats asekelayo engxenyeni lapho amadrowa anamantongomane amabili aphiko.
Ukuphela kwendawo engaphezulu yetafula, ekude nengxenye enamakhabethe, ihlezi phezu kwebha yokusekela elenga odongeni. I-cross-section ye-batten esekelayo kufanele ibe sesimweni sohlamvu L. I-batten esekelayo yenziwe ngebhodi ngaphansi lapho i-batten enamapulaki ebethelwa khona. Amapulaki engalo engezansi L kufanele angene ezimbobeni ekugcineni kwendawo engaphezulu yetafula.
Silenga ibha yenkampani yenethiwekhi kumahhuku esiwajikijele ngaphambilini kumadowels akhelwe ngaphakathi odongeni, noma siyisekela ime ime ngebha ebekwe ukusuka phansi.
Ikhabethe elinamadrowa lisebenzela ukugcina amathuluzi, kodwa lingasetshenziswa njengendawo yokumisa. Njengoba sivame ukuyisusa endaweni, lezo zingxenye ezithinta phansi kufanele zinamathiselwe nge-tape yokuzwa noma ye-choya. Senza izinhlangothi zekhabhinethi kusuka kumaphaneli wefenisha endala, i-chipboard noma i-veneer ngokuyinamathisela nge-glue (noma enye ingcina yesimanje) kuhlaka. Uhlaka ngokwalo luqoqwe kusuka kuma-slats axhunywe komunye nomunye ku-flap. Ezinhlangothini zangaphakathi zekhabethe, sifaka ama-slats abushelelezi kuma-drawers. Uma uhlangothi lwenziwe ngohlaka lokhuni, ama-slats aqondile kufanele axhunywe nge-slat yomhlahlandlela ebekwe eqondile.
Iphaneli elingemuva lekhabhinethi kufanele lilungiswe ngokucophelela ukuze ikhabhinethi ingatshekeleli eceleni. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ngezikulufo. Uma singafaki iphaneli yangemuva, singalungisa ikhabhinethi ngama-slats slants. Senza imilenze yangaphambili nangemuva kusuka esiqeshini ngasinye, ngendlela yokuthi silolonge i-arch ngayinye phakathi. Siwanamathisela kusuka ngezansi ngezikulufo.
Sinquma ubude bekhabethe ngokwethu, kodwa kuyanconywa ukuthi linyuswe ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Ikhabethe eliphezulu lingakwazi ukuthwala izesekeli zokulinganisa nokudweba. Kwesilandelayo, sibeka amathuluzi asetshenziswa kakhulu, ahlelwa ngosayizi. Ngezansi kwalokho: ama-rivets, izikulufu kanye nezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene. Ngisho naphansi sibeka izinto zokusebenza eziqediwe kancane futhi ekugcineni, izindawo zokugcina impahla. Senza izinhlangothi zabadwebi kusuka kuma-slats, esiwaxhuma ngezipikili futhi sizizwe, noma ngeglue elifanele. Sakha phansi ekhabetheni ngamabhodi anezipikili e-plywood, i-chipboard noma ama-chipboard anamandla.
Esikhundleni samadrowa anama-partitions, ezingxenyeni ezincane, sisebenzisa amathini, imiphetho yawo okumele icabangwe ngesando. Sifaka amaphaneli angaphambili ama-drawers ekugcineni ngemuva kokulungiswa ngokucophelela, ngoba lapho ama-drawer evaliwe, lawa mapaneli kufanele amboze lonke uhlangothi lwangaphambili ngokulinganayo. Ngemva kwalokhu, sinamathisela izibambo emakhabetheni.
Sidinga ukukhweza i-vise ukuze uthole ukunemba umakhenikha esitendini esikhethekile bese sibophela nge-clamp noma i-butterfly nut ngezikulufu emigodini ebhojwe ngaphambili ngaphezulu kwetafula.
Ishabhu yesimanje yasekhaya idinga isheke elichwepheshile lokufakwa kukagesi, umoya omncane, ukuvikela umlilo, ukwakhiwa kodonga namandla okuthwala ifenisha. Izinyathelo zomlando nezisombululo ezivela kulo mbhalo akuyona iphrojekthi okufanele isetshenziswe.