Chenjezo Lofunika Pachitetezo: Ili ndi zolemba zakale, osati ntchito yamakono yophunzirira kunyumba. Kuyika kwa magetsi, ma voltages apamwamba, kuchotsa kapena kutseka zitseko, kulowerera pa makoma, mpweya wabwino, ntchito ndi zokutira ndi katundu wolemera wa mipando yopinda zimafuna cheke cha malamulo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri oyenerera. Osagwiritsa ntchito njira ndi njira zomwe zafotokozedwa popanda kuyang’ana momwe akumanga, makhazikitsidwe ndi zinthu zenizeni.
Mawu awa si gawo la zomwe Savo Kusić akutsatsa pano, zomwe zimayang’ana kwambiri mazenera, zitseko ndi njira zina.
Malo ochitirako kunyumba ndi kanyumba kakang’ono mnyumba
Ndikadakhala ndi zinthu, ndikadakhala ndi chida chabwino! Kodi izi sizomwe zikuwusa moyo zomwe anthu amakonda kuchita DIY kunyumba kwawo? Ngati zokhumba izi zikhala zenizeni, zatsopano zimatenga malo awo: Ndikadakhala ndi malo, ndikadakhala ndi msonkhano wawung’ono…
Zowona, aliyense m’banjamo akufuna chinachake m’derali! Mayi wapakhomo nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti ziwiya zake zogwirira ntchito ziwonongeke pambuyo pa ntchito, kumira m’nyumba, mipando. Mwana amafuna ngodya yomwe, ikafunika, imakhala yophunzirira. Ndipo atate, “mbuye m’nyumba”, amafuna kanyumba kakang’ono komwe angaikeko zinthu zake popanda kuwononga chitonthozo cha aliyense. Akufuna kuti msonkhanowo ukhale wolimba komanso wolimba kuti usonkhane, kuti pali madzi ndi magetsi pafupi, kuti uyatse bwino, kuti safuna chitetezo chapadera cha makoma ndi pansi, ndi zina zotero.
Kusankha malo ochitira msonkhano wapanyumba kumatengera momwe zinthu zilili kwanuko. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti msonkhanowu uyenera kutenthedwa bwino komanso mpweya wabwino, makamaka panthawi yopenta ndi varnish. Ngati palibe mazenera, kuyatsa kopanga kuyenera kukhala kolimba, makamaka 220 V, mwina 380 V yamagetsi a mains. Kuphatikiza apo, iyenera kukhala ndi njira yoperekera madzi ndi ngalande.
Pachifukwa ichi, shedi, ngodya ya garaja kapena chipinda chapansi ndi choyenera kwambiri. Ngati sitingathe kupereka zipindazi, titha kukonza zogwirira ntchito mu ngodya imodzi ya nyumbayo, pawindo lazenera, kutsegula kwa chitseko chotsekedwa kapena chotchinga. Izi sizifuna ntchito yambiri.
Combination workshop-closet
Titha kupanga kabati yothandizayi tokha. Ikatsegulidwa, imayimira tebulo lantchito, ndipo ikapindidwa, timasungiramo zida (chithunzi 1, chapamwamba)
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa msonkhano umodzi wotere womwe titha kuyika pachitseko chosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Choyamba, chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa pamenepa ndi kutha kwa zitseko, mwachitsanzo, kukonzanso zitseko ndi zitseko. Mtundu uwu wa khomo osagwiritsidwa ntchito ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito pazinthu zina. Cholinga chomwe tidzasankhe chimadalira kuya kwa kutsegula. Kutsegula kosazama kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ku laibulale, ndi kutsegula mozama kwa msonkhano womwe ukufunsidwa, komanso kabati ya zithunzi, zovala kapena ngodya ya TV ndi tepi chojambulira (chithunzi 1, gawo 2). Pamapeto pake, ndizothekanso kukhazikitsa choyankhulira cha sitiriyo.
SLIKA 1
Malangizo okonzanso zitseko
Ngati sitikufunanso chitseko, ndipo kusowa kwake sikusokoneza kumanga khoma, sitepe yotsatira ndikuchotsa ndikutsegula njerwa. Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale khoma loyenera la njerwa 6-10 cm pulasitala ndi dothi la perlite kapena matope ena omwe amateteza kwambiri kutentha.
Ngati kumanga khoma sikulola kuti chitseko chichotsedwe, timatseka kutsegula ndi khoma la bango, makulidwe 5-10 cm, zomwe timamanga ndi slats kumbali zonse ziwiri ndi pulasitala ndi matope a gypsum. Bolodi la nzimbe likupezeka mu miyeso 100 h 200 h 5 cm, i.e. 10 cm ndipo ikhoza kudulidwa ndi macheka molingana ndi miyeso yofunikira. Choyika pakhoma ichi ndi chotchingira bwino chotenthetsera, koma sitiyenera kutsindika (mwachitsanzo pokhomerera mashelefu). Titha kungoyika mbali za khomo lotseguka kapena furemu ya chitseko.
Yankho lomwe limafunikira kusankha kokulirapo kwazinthu ndikuphimba chitseko molingana ndi mipando yomwe ilipo ya chipinda chopatsidwa. Timayamba ntchitoyi potseka chitseko, kuchotsa zida zotuluka (knob, chishango) ndikusindikiza kusiyana ndi zingwe zosindikizira. Tsopano timatseka chitseko ndikuchimanga pamtengo ndi zomangira. (Makiyi asungidwe kuti mutsegule chitseko nthawi ina!)
Chigawo chotsatira cha ntchito ndikumatira. Chophimbacho chiyenera kugwirizana ndi mipando ya chipinda. Itha kupangidwa ndi chipboard ndi plywood, bolodi yokongoletsera yamitundu, ndi jute yotambasulidwa yomwe wallpaper imayikidwa. Pasadakhale, tiyenera kuchita apamwamba gawo lapansi pa mfundo ubwenzi wa chilichonse cladding zakuthupi. Timatchinjiriza mawu ndi kutentha kuchokera pansanjika ya siponji ya thovu kapena zigawo zingapo za pepala lamalata, poziyika pakati pa chitseko ndi chophimba.
Kupanga mapanelo kumachitika koyamba pamalo otsekedwa, kenako m’mbali. “Timachotsa” nsonga zamkati zogwira mtima za m’mphepete mwa mbali ndi gawo lotsekedwa la kutsegula kuti zitseko zam’mbali zikhale bwino. Mipata yomwe imakhalapo pakati pa mapanelo am’mbali ndi makoma a mbali yakunja imakutidwa ndi slats. Timapeza njira yabwinoko potseka mipatayi ndi matabwa okulirapo omwe amaumitsanso mapanelo am’mbali. Kusonkhanitsa mbali za chimango kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito lilime ndi poyambira diagonally kapena mapulagi. Tikhoza kupanga zolakwa za kupanga ngodya za malo okhudzana ndi ma slats a ngodya. Kumangirira chitseko cha chitseko chakale, chopangidwa kale, chimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito misomali yopyapyala ya njinga, zomangira zamatabwa zokhala ndi mutu wa lenticular wokhala ndi zochapira zokongoletsera kapena zipewa.
Kuyika zida kuyenera kuchitidwa m’malo omwe adadziwika kale. Tisankha malo awa asanakhale pamzere. Ndi kubowola mayeso, tidzatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa malo omwe alembedwa. Zitsulo zonyamula katundu ziyenera kulowa muzitsulo za mafelemu a zitseko zamatabwa, chifukwa matabwa okongoletsera a zitseko za nyumba zakale sali olemetsa. Kuti munyamule zida zolemera, ma dowels amayenera kuyikidwa kukhoma musanamange khoma.
Timapaka chipboard ndi plywood ndi mitundu yoyenera ya mipando ndi makoma tisanapukutire. Tsitsi likauma, chinsalucho chikhoza kupukutidwa kapena kuvala varnish. Timayika mashelefu okha pachitseko chotsegula chomwe chasinthidwa kukhala cholembera, ndipo timalumikiza chitseko chakunja ndi zomangira pachitseko.
Wardrobe-workshop
Tidzapereka msonkhano wa nduna ndi yankho latsopano (chithunzi 2). Amapangidwa kuchokera ku kabati yakale yosungiramo maofesi, mbale zatsopano ndi miyendo kuchokera ku mipando yakale.
Kuchokera pachithunzichi, zitha kuwoneka kuti nduna iyi siimangiriridwa pamalo, ndi gawo lodziyimira palokha ndipo ndi losavuta kutsegula ikagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zinthuzo zimatengedwa kuchokera kumapanelo kapena mbali za mipando yakale. Mabodi okhala ndi makulidwe a 3/4“ ndiwoyenera kwambiri“. Mashelefu ang’onoang’ono amkati, m’munsi mwa zotengera, komanso mbali yakumbuyo ya kabatiyo amapangidwa ndi plywood ndi chipboard yokhala ndi makulidwe a 4-6 mm.
SLIKA 2
Pakumanga kwapamwamba komanso kolimba kwa gulu lakumbuyo, titha kuletsa nduna kuti isapendekere mbali yakumbuyo.
Timalumikiza malo athyathyathya ndi guluu, ndipo timawalumikiza ndi pulagi yamatabwa.
Chogwirira ntchito chikuyenera kukhala chokulirapo kuposa kukula kwa kabati (kwa makulidwe a miyendo yonse).
Njira yabwino yotetezera pamwamba patebulo kuti ifike kutalika koyenera ndi mahinji a piyano, m’lifupi mwake lonse la tebulo. Mahinjiwa ayenera kukhazikika m’malo angapo okhala ndi zomangira zomwe zimatsimikizira mphamvu ndi kunyamula katundu patebulo. Kukhazikika kwa tebulo pamalo otseguka kumaperekedwa ndi ma hinges apadera. Kugwirizana kumeneku, monga momwe tikuonera pachithunzichi, kumbali imodzi kumateteza tebulo, ndipo kumbali inayo, kumalepheretsa tebulo kutsegula kuposa momwe amafunira. Sizingatheke kukonza miyendo ya tebulo ndi zopingasa, chifukwa zingapangitse kuti zikhale zosatheka kusonkhanitsa miyendo. Ndicho chifukwa chake timagwirizanitsa nsonga zapamwamba za miyendo patebulo ndi ma hinges okhazikika. Kuzama kwa recess kuyenera kufanana ndi makulidwe a tsamba la hinge. Njira yotsekera tebulo ikuwonetsedwa mwatsatanetsatane pachithunzichi 2.
Kapangidwe kamkati kawoworobo kayenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi zosowa za wogwiritsa ntchito. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pozindikira kuchuluka ndi kutalika kwa zotengera. Titha kugwiritsanso ntchito mbali yamkati ya tsamba lachitseko lomwe limatseka kumtunda kwa zovala. Pamasalefu ang’onoang’ono, monga momwe tawonetsera pajambula, mabokosi apulasitiki ndi mapepala a zomangira ndi misomali akhoza kuikidwa mosavuta, zomwe motere zidzakhala nthawi zonse.
Mtundu wa kunja kwa wadilodi uyenera kufanana ndi malo ozungulira. Ikhoza kupakidwa vanishi ndi vanishi wopanda mtundu, kapena itha kupakidwa utoto woyenera. Kaya tisankhe njira yotani yopangira, malowo amayenera kutsukidwa ndi kusita, ndipo m’mphepete mwake muyenera kupukuta ndi sandpaper. Tiyeneranso kumvetsera nthawi yowumitsa, yomwe malinga ndi malangizo omwe tiyenera kutsatira, pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo za utoto.
Ndikokwanira kuphimba malo osawoneka amkati ndi banga lamafuta lomwe limasunga zinthu ndikupangitsa kuti ziyeretsedwe mosavuta.
Desk, yomwe ili yofanana ndi yapitayi, imapangidwa kuchokera ku kabati yaofesi yokhala ndi zotengera. Patebulo ndi yokhazikika ndipo imatha kupirira ntchito ndi okonza mapulani. Gome la ntchito lopangidwa motere limakhala ndi kabati yosiyana yokhala ndi zotengera zosungiramo zida ndi tebulo lapamwamba lomwe limatha kuyikidwa mosavuta kapena kupachikidwa pakhoma (chithunzi 1, chapamwamba). Chonde dziwani kuti benchi iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ntchito zomwe sizifuna malo ambiri (wailesi amateur, modeling, magetsi, amateur zithunzi, kukonza zidole, etc.). Kutsegula ndi kukonza benchi yogwirira ntchito kumachitika ndi mayendedwe angapo. Choyamba timasuntha kabati yokhala ndi zotengera kuchokera pamalo ake, kenako ndikukankhira pansi pa tebulo lotseguka.
Pamwamba pa tebulo, titha kugwiritsa ntchito bolodi lalikulu, lakale, lojambulira. Tikhoza kupanga tebulo pamwamba pa matabwa omwe timagwirizanitsa ndi slats kuchokera pansi. Potsegula tebulo, ma slats, kuphatikiza pa ntchito yawo yayikulu, amalepheretsa kusuntha kwa kabati yokhala ndi zotengera chifukwa amazitsekera mbali ziwiri.
Timangirira pamwamba patebulo ndi ma slats ku ma slats othandizira pagawo lomwe zojambulira zili ndi mtedza wa mapiko awiri.
Mapeto a pamwamba pa tebulo, omwe ali kutali ndi gawo lokhala ndi zojambula, amakhala pazitsulo zothandizira zomwe zimapachikidwa pakhoma. Gawo la mtanda wa batten wothandizira liyenera kukhala lofanana ndi chilembo L. Mtsinje wothandizira umapangidwa ndi bolodi yomwe ili pansi pake yomwe nkhonya yokhala ndi mapulagi imakhomeredwa. Mapulagi akum’munsi kwa mkono L ayenera kulowa m’mabowo omwe ali kumapeto kwa tebulo.
Timapachika chonyamulira pazikowe zomwe tidazikhomerapo m’madowero omangidwira pakhoma, kapena timachichirikiza chokwera ndi kampando koyikidwa kuchokera pansi.
Kabati yokhala ndi zotungira imathandizira kusungira zida, komanso itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyimira. Popeza nthawi zambiri timachisuntha kuchoka pamalo ake, mbali zomwe zimakhudza pansi ziyenera kumangirizidwa ndi tepi yomverera kapena choya. Timapanga mbali za kabati kuchokera ku mipando yakale, chipboard kapena veneer pozimanga ndi guluu (kapena guluu wamakono) ku chimango. Chimango chokhacho chimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku slats ogwirizana wina ndi mzake pa chotchinga. M’mbali zamkati za zovala, timayika ma slats osalala a zotengera. Ngati mbaliyo ndi yopangidwa ndi matabwa, zitsulo zoyimirira ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi kalozera wopingasa.
Panja lakumbuyo la nduna liyenera kukhazikika bwino kuti kabatiyo isapendeke kumbali. Izi zimachitidwa bwino ndi zomangira. Ngati sitiyika gulu lakumbuyo, kabati ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi slants slants. Timapanga miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yakumbuyo kuchokera pachidutswa chimodzi chilichonse, m’njira yoti timapanga chipika chilichonse pakati. Timawalumikiza kuchokera pansi ndi zomangira.
Utali wa kabati timadziŵika tokha, koma tikulimbikitsidwa kuti iwonjezeke kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Kabati yapamwamba imatha kukhala ndi zida zoyezera ndi zojambula. Chotsatira, timayika chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chosankhidwa ndi kukula kwake. Pansi pake: ma rivets, zomangira ndi zomangira zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale m’munsi timayika zinthu zomwe tamaliza ntchito ndipo pamapeto pake, nkhokwe zakuthupi. Timapanga mbali za zojambulazo kuchokera ku slats, zomwe timagwirizanitsa ndi misomali ndi kumva, kapena ndi guluu woyenera. Timapanga pansi pa kabati kuchokera ku matabwa okhomedwa a plywood, chipboard kapena chipboards amphamvu.
M’malo mwa zotungira zogawanitsa, pazigawo zing’onozing’ono, timagwiritsa ntchito mabokosi a malata, m’mphepete mwake omwe tiyenera kuwaphwanyitsa kale ndi nyundo. Timayika mapanelo akutsogolo a zotengera kumapeto titatha kusintha mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa zotengera zikatsekedwa, mapanelowa ayenera kuphimba mbali yonse yakutsogolo mofanana. Pambuyo pake, timalumikiza zogwirira ntchito ku zotengera.
Tikufunika kuyika vise kuti tizingoyang’ana molunjika pa choyikapo chapadera ndikumanga ndi chomangira kapena mtedza wa gulugufe ndi zomangira m’mabowo obowoledwa pamwamba pa tebulo.
Msonkhano wamakono wapanyumba umafunikira cheke chaukadaulo pakuyika magetsi, mpweya wabwino, chitetezo chamoto, kumanga khoma ndi mipando yonyamula katundu. Miyezo yakale komanso mayankho ochokera m’malembawa si ntchito yoti ikwaniritsidwe.