Masiku ano, Savo Kusić amayang’ana kwambiri mazenera amatabwa, mazenera a matabwa a aluminiyamu, mazenera amwambo, khomo ndi zopempha za mawu. Mawuwa amakhalabe ngati malo osungiramo zojambula zapakhomo ndipo sizinthu za ceramic.
Kukonza zotchingira khoma
Kukonza zokutira zofunda ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi kukonzanso pansi kozizira komanso kukonzanso pansi.
Kukonza matabwa ndi fiberboard cladding kumachitika mofanana ndi njira zokonzera zinthu zamatabwa zomwe zafotokozedwa pano. Kuwonongeka kwa zotchingira khoma chifukwa cha chinyezi sikofala kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuwonongeka kwa khoma, chifukwa nthawi zambiri chinyezi chimatha kuchoka mwanjira ina, osati kungophimba.
Mchitidwe wa nthunzi wamadzi ndiwowopsa kwambiri pazitsulo, makamaka zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zopangira. Chifukwa chake, sizikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zotere m’zipinda zotenthedwa bwino, zonyowa. Fiberboard ndi plywood sheathing amatetezedwa ku nthunzi yamadzi popachikidwa pa chimango chomata.
Kukonza zotchingira ndi mapanelo azinthu zopanga kumathetsedwa mwakusintha mapanelo owonongeka ndi zigawo zina ndikuyika zatsopano.
Zovala, zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka kapena kupopera mankhwala, ziyenera kukonzedwa kotero kuti pambuyo pokonza zowonongeka, pamwamba pake palimodzi pamwamba pake.
Kumanga khoma ndi matailosi adothi
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zophimba matailosi - monga choyimira chachikulu cha zotchingira zozizira - nthawi zambiri zimakhala kukhazikika kwa nyumbayo, kukhudzidwa kwa chisanu, kutentha ndi kukhudzidwa. Ndi kulakwitsa ngati laimu wosagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matope akugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matope, chifukwa panthawiyi ma granules amatupa ndikutaya matailosi. (Mbewu zomwe pambuyo pake zimazima zimatchedwa laimu worms). Makulidwe a matailosi ndi 152x152, 152x127 motsatana. 152x100 mm, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi 4-7 mm.
Pakukonza, tiyenera kuchotsa matailosi kuti akhalebe osawonongeka. Kuchotsa kuyenera kuyambira kumtunda. Gwiritsani ntchito chisel kuti mulowetse matope, kenaka mosamala komanso payekhapayekha muwachotse ndikuwasunga mpaka mutagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mukasintha matailosi amtundu uliwonse ndizosapeŵeka kuti matailosi omwe akuchotsedwawo awonongeke, koma chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti matabwa oyandikana nawo akhalebe osawonongeka komanso osasunthika. Malo a matailosi ochotsedwa ayenera kutsukidwa bwino ndipo pokhapokha matailosi atsopano ayenera kuikidwa. Mukayika matailosi atsopano, matope ayenera kuthyoledwa kuchokera pakhoma kupita ku njerwa ndi nyundo. Pa izi, zokonzekera bwino, mbali ya khoma popanda matope, matope a simenti amaikidwa ndipo matayala amaikidwa mkati mwake. Kukonzekera matope a simenti, gawo limodzi la simenti ndi magawo atatu a mchenga wouma wouma ayenera kutengedwa; Sakanizani zonse bwino zikadali zouma ndipo onjezerani madzi okwanira kuti matope amve madzi.
Pakalipano, matailosi ayenera kuikidwa m’madzi, koma kuchuluka kwake komwe tidzagwiritse ntchito tsiku limenelo, chifukwa kunyowetsa kwambiri sikuli bwino kwa matailosi. Sizingathekenso kugwira ntchito ndi matayala owuma, chifukwa amachotsa chinyezi kumatope ndipo chifukwa chake matope sangagwirizane bwino ndipo matayala adzatuluka mwamsanga pakhoma. Kunyowetsa ndiye kokwanira ngati sipadzakhalanso mpweya wotuluka mu matailosi. Pambuyo pakunyowa, matailosi ayenera kutsanulidwa pachoyikapo chamatabwa.
Jidak pulasitala imayikidwa pakhoma ndi trowel kuti 5-6 mm ipangike. Chosanjikiza cha pulasitala chiyenera kusiyidwa kuti chiume kwa maola angapo. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kupanga matope ochepa pang’ono ndikuyiyika kumbuyo kwa matailosi kuti asatayike mbali zonse. Matailosi amtundu uliwonse akakhazikika, akuyenera kugundidwa mosamala ndi chogwirira cha nyundo kuti matopewo agawe mofanana kumbuyo kwake.
Kuyika matayala ndi kuyika pansi
Zofunika: Mizere ya matailosi iyenera kufoledwa molunjika komanso molunjika, ndipo matailosi onse akhale mundege imodzi. Chifukwa chake, musanayike matailosi, muyenera kuyika pansi mopingasa ndi mzere woyima womaliza ndi chingwe chotambasulidwa kapena mulingo. Mzere wopingasa uyenera kulembedwa kuti uchoke pamalo otsika kwambiri pamtunda wa kutalika kwa matailosi amodzi, ndipo matayalawo ayenera kudulidwa kuti, ngati atayikidwa pansi, m’mphepete mwawo pamwamba pawo ali pamtunda wa chingwe (mkuyu. 1). Podula matailosi, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti mtunda pakati pa matailosi pawokha ndi 3mm. Danga pakati pa matailosi amapangidwa ndi galasi ndi zoyikapo zamatabwa kapena zoyikapo zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopanga, makulidwe 3 mm, zomwe zimayikidwa pakati pa matailosi a ceramic poyimitsa. Titha kuchotsa nthawi yomweyo zotchinga zomwe zimayikidwa mumipata ya mzere wowongoka, ndi zomwe zili zopingasa pokhapokha pulasitala itakhazikitsidwa, yomwe ili pafupi 24 maola. Kuti matayala akhale mu ndege imodzi, tidzakwaniritsa mwanjira yakuti, tikayamba mzere watsopano, tiyambe kuika tile imodzi pamapeto awiri ndi pamwamba pawo batten yowongoka kwathunthu. Matayala oyambira ndi omalizira ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa m’njira yoti lath ikhazikike kwathunthu pa iwo, ndipo mutatha kuyika mbale imodzi iliyonse, lath iyenera kuikidwa imodzi ndi imodzi ndipo matayala oikidwa ayenera kugunda ndi chogwirira cha nyundo mpaka lath itakhazikika kwathunthu pa kuika matayala.
SLIKA 1
Malumikizidwe amadzazidwa pambuyo pochotsa kuyimitsidwa. Pachifukwachi, simenti ndi mchenga wabwino kwambiri wa 1:2 upangidwe matope. Popanga mphira, mufunikanso mbale ya rabala imodzi yokhala ndi miyeso pafupifupi 30 x 30 cm, yomwe iyenera kupindika ngati Y. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza mipata pakati pa matailosi.
Ngati sitingapeze simenti yoyera kuti tiunikire mfundozo, tichita motere: Patangotha milungu itatu tipange pulasitala wouma ndi kuvala pamwamba pake ndi simentiyo. Mukamaliza kuyanika, pulasitala iyenera kupukuta matailosi ndi nsalu youma.
Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri yoyika matailosi ndi yothina, polumikizana popanda zolumikizira, ndipo njira yovuta kwambiri ndi yolumikizira, yothina muukonde wopanda zolumikizira komanso muukonde wokhala ndi zolumikizira (mkuyu 2). Pakuyika ndi zolumikizira, matailosi okhala ndi m’mphepete mwake ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuyika m’malo olimba, matailosi okhala ndi m’mphepete mwake. Kumalekezero ndi kumtunda, matailosi oterowo akhazikike, m’mbali mwake muli ozungulira ndi kupindika mbali imeneyo.
SLIKA 2
Kudula matailosi
Ngati matailosi akufunika kudulidwa, ndiye kuti tiyike wolamulira motsatira mzere wonyezimira pambali yonyezimira ndi chodula magalasi kapena chitsulo cholimba (vidia) kukanda pamzere kuti glaze yolimba idulidwe. Pambuyo pake, groove iyenera kupangidwa kumbuyo kwa tile ndi mpeni wakuthwa motsatira mzere wodula. Podula zidutswa zazikulu, tiyenera kugwira matailosi m’manja awiri kapena kuyiyika m’mphepete mwa tebulo motsatira mzere wodula ndikuudula, ndipo podula zidutswa zowonda kwambiri, ziduleni ndi pliers (mkuyu 3).
SLIKA 3
Kulumikiza matailosi
Poyerekeza ndi kuyika matailosi mumatope a simenti, njira yoyika matayala ndi gluing imathamanga kwambiri. Komabe, chofunikira pakumatira ndikuti khoma limakhala lathyathyathya. Pankhaniyi, sikoyenera kuphwanya pulasitala pakhoma, koma matailosi amamatira ku khoma. Zomatira zakuthupi ndi kubalalitsidwa kwa chiyambi chochita kusakaniza ndi mchenga. M’zipinda zowonongeka kwambiri - muzipinda zosambira - tikhoza kuwonjezera simenti ku guluu mu chiŵerengero cha theka la theka ndikusakaniza ndi kuwonjezera madzi kuti zikhale zosalala komanso zoyenera kufalitsa. Ikani madontho 3-4 madontho a guluuyu kukula kwa 50 awiriawiri kumbuyo kwa matailosi oviikidwa kale ndi spatula ndikuyika m’malo awo. Kusintha kwa njira yopingasa, yoyima, kutalikirana ndi grouting kumachitika mofanana ndi pamene mukuyika mumatope a simenti.
Matailosi opangidwa ndi zinthu zopanga
Ma board awa ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Makulidwe ake ndi 150 x 150 x 2mm. Akhoza kudulidwa mosavuta ndikumangirizidwa ku khoma.
Chidziwitso chachitetezo: Awa ndi mbiri yakale ndipo zosakaniza, zida ndi njira zomwe zafotokozedwa sizongotengera momwe kagwiridwe kake kakuchitika masiku ano. Musanagwire ntchito, muyenera kuyang’ana chifukwa cha chinyezi ndi ming’alu, mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndi flatness ya gawo lapansi, chofunika kuti madzi asatseke ndi kuyanjana kwa dongosolo lonse, ndi kutsatira malamulo omveka ndi malangizo a guluu, grout ndi opanga matailosi. Kuwongolera fumbi, mpweya wabwino komanso chitetezo choyenera kumafunikira pakugwetsa, kudula ndi kusakaniza.