A yau, Savo Kusić yana mai da hankali kan gilashin katako, itace-aluminum Taga, Taga na al’ada, kofa da buƙatun magana. Wannan rubutun ya kasance azaman tarihin kera gida kuma ba tayin ayyukan yumbu bane.
Gyaran bangon bango
Gyaran bango mai dumi yana kama da gyare-gyaren bene mai sanyi da gyare-gyaren bene mai dumi.
Ana yin gyaran gyare-gyaren katako da katako na fiber kamar yadda ake yin gyaran gyaran kayan katako da aka kwatanta zuwa yanzu. Lalacewar rufin bango saboda danshi ba shi da yawa fiye da lalacewa ga rufin, saboda a mafi yawan lokuta danshi zai iya barin ta wata hanya, ba kawai ta hanyar rufi ba.
Tasirin tururin ruwa yana da haɗari sosai ga sutura, musamman waɗanda aka yi da kayan wucin gadi. Sabili da haka, ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da irin wannan suturar a cikin ɗakuna masu zafi da zafi ba. Fiberboard da sheathing plywood ana kiyaye su daga tururin ruwa ta hanyar ɗora su akan firam ɗin slated.
Ana gyara gyaran gyare-gyare tare da bangarori na kayan aikin wucin gadi ta hanyar maye gurbin kowane nau’i mai lalacewa da sassa masu sutura tare da sababbin.
Rufe, wanda aka shafa ta hanyar shafa ko fesa, yakamata a gyara shi ta yadda bayan gyara abubuwan da suka lalace, ana shafa sabon saman saman gaba daya.
Rufe bango da yumbura
Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da lalacewa ga suturar tayal - a matsayin babban wakilin murfin bangon sanyi - a mafi yawan lokuta sulhu na ginin, tasirin sanyi, zafi da tasiri. Kuskure ne idan aka yi amfani da lemun tsami da ba a yi amfani da shi ba don yin turmi, saboda a cikin waɗannan lokuta granules suna kumbura kuma suna zubar da tayal. (Hatsin da ke kashewa ana kiransa tsutsotsin lemun tsami). Girman tayal su ne152x152, 152x127ko152x100mm, kuma kaurin su shine4-7 mm.
A lokacin gyaran, dole ne mu cire tayal don kada su lalace. Ya kamata a fara cirewa daga gefen sama. Yi amfani da chisel don zurfafa turmi, sannan a hankali kuma a cire daban-daban da adana su har sai an ƙara amfani.
Lokacin maye gurbin fale-falen ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaiku kusan babu makawa cewa tayal ɗin da ake cirewa zai lalace, amma ya kamata a kula don tabbatar da cewa aƙalla fale-falen maƙwabta sun kasance ba lalacewa ba kuma ba a motsa su ba. Wurin fale-falen da aka cire ya kamata a tsaftace su sosai sannan kawai a saka sabbin tayal. Lokacin shigar da sabbin fale-falen fale-falen buraka, ya kamata a karya turmi daga bango har zuwa tubalin tare da guduma. A kan wannan, da aka shirya da kyau, wani ɓangare na bango ba tare da turmi ba, an sanya wani Layer na simintin siminti kuma an sanya tayal a ciki. Don shirya turmi siminti, sai a ɗauki kashi ɗaya na siminti da sassa uku na busasshiyar yashi mai laushi; a haxa komai da kyau yayin da yake bushewa sannan a zuba ruwa mai yawa domin turmi ya yi ruwa.
A halin yanzu, a zuba tiles a cikin ruwa, amma kawai adadin da za mu yi amfani da shi a wannan rana, saboda yawan jika ba shi da kyau ga tayal. Har ila yau, ba zai yiwu a yi aiki tare da busassun tayal ba, saboda suna cire danshi daga turmi kuma a sakamakon haka turmi ba zai haɗu da kyau ba kuma tayal za su fito da sauri daga bango. Yin jika ya isa idan babu sauran kumfa na iska daga cikin tayal. Bayan wetting, ya kamata a zubar da tayal a kan katako na katako.
Ana shafa jidak plaster a bango da tawul ta yadda za a samu koda Layer na kauri 5-6 mm. Ya kamata a bar filasta ya bushe don sa’o’i da yawa. Bayan haka, sai a yi turmi mai kauri dan kadan sannan a sanya shi a bayan tayal don kada ya zube ta kowane bangare. Da zarar fale-falen ɗaiɗaikun sun kasance a wurin, sai a taɓa su a hankali tare da hammata don rarraba turmi a baya daidai.
Tiling da grouting
Muhimmi: Dole ne a jera layuka na fale-falen daidai a kwance da kuma a tsaye, kuma duk fale-falen dole ne su kasance cikin jirgin sama guda. Sabili da haka, kafin sanya fale-falen fale-falen, ya kamata ku yi alama a ƙasa a kwance da jere na ƙarshe na tsaye tare da igiya mai shimfiɗa ko matakin. Dole ne a yi alama a layi a kwance don ya kasance daga mafi ƙasƙanci na bene a tsayin tsayin tayal ɗaya, kuma a yanke tiles don haka, idan an sanya su a ƙasa, gefensu na sama yana a matakin kirtani (fig.1) Saitin jeri na tsaye yakamata a sarrafa shi ta irin wannan hanya. Lokacin yankan tayal, ya kamata a la’akari da cewa sarari tsakanin fale-falen fale-falen shine3mm. Wurin da ke tsakanin fale-falen yana samuwa ta hanyar gilashi da katako ko abubuwan da aka sanya daga kayan wucin gadi, lokacin farin ciki3 mm, waɗanda aka sanya tsakanin yumbura tiles a matsayin tasha. Za a iya cire masu iyaka da aka sanya a cikin wurare na jere na tsaye nan da nan, kuma waɗanda ke cikin kwance kawai bayan an saita filastar, wanda ya kai kimanin.24hours. Domin fale-falen su kasance a cikin jirgin sama ɗaya, za mu cimma shi ta yadda, idan muka fara sabon layi, za mu fara sanya tayal ɗaya a kowane ƙarshen biyu kuma a kan su gaba ɗaya madaidaiciya. Tiles na farawa da na ƙarshe yakamata a daidaita su ta yadda lath ɗin ya tsaya gaba ɗaya akan su, sannan bayan sanya kowane faranti ɗaya, sai a sanya lath ɗin ɗaya bayan ɗaya kuma a buga tile ɗin da aka sanya tare da riƙon guduma har sai lath ɗin ya tsaya gaba ɗaya akan tile ɗin.
SLIKA 1
Ana yin grouting na haɗin gwiwa bayan cire madaidaicin. Don wannan kuna buƙatar rabon siminti da yashi mai kyau1:2yi filastar. Don grouting, farantin roba ɗaya tare da girman kusan30x30 cmwanda ya kamata a lanƙwasa su da siffar Y. Sannan a yi amfani da shi don cike giɓin da ke tsakanin tiles.
Idan ba za mu iya samun farin siminti don farar da gidajen abinci ba, za mu ci gaba kamar haka: Makonni uku bayan grouting da ciminti, ya kamata mu yi busassun plaster gypsum kuma mu rufe dukkan fuskar da wannan. Bayan kammala bushewa, filastar ya kamata a goge daga tayal da busasshen zane.
Hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi arha ta shigar da fale-falen fale-falen ita ce matsewa, akan haɗin gwiwa ba tare da haɗin gwiwa ba, kuma hanya mafi rikitarwa ita ce tare da haɗin gwiwa, matse cikin raga ba tare da haɗin gwiwa ba kuma a cikin raga tare da haɗin gwiwa (fig.2). Don shigarwa tare da haɗin gwiwa, ya kamata a yi amfani da tiles tare da gefuna, kuma don shigarwa a cikin ƙananan wurare, tayal tare da gefuna masu tsayi. Irin wannan fale-falen ya kamata a sanya su a kan iyakar da kuma a gefe na sama, gefuna wanda aka zagaye da kuma ninka a wancan gefe.
SLIKA 2
Yanke tiles
Idan tayal yana buƙatar yankewa, to, dole ne mu sanya mai mulki tare da layin da aka yi alama a gefen glazed kuma tare da gilashin gilashi ko karfe mai wuya (vidia) kama tare da layi don a yanke glaze mai wuya. Bayan haka, ya kamata a yi tsagi a baya na tayal tare da wuka mai kaifi tare da layin yanke. Lokacin yankan manyan ɓangarorin, dole ne mu riƙe tayal ɗin hannu biyu ko sanya shi a gefen teburin tare da layin yankan kuma mu fasa shi, kuma lokacin da ake yanke ɓangarorin bakin ciki, a yanke shi da filashi (fig.3).
SLIKA 3
Tiles mai manne
Idan aka kwatanta da shigar da tayal a cikin turmi siminti, tsarin shigar da tayal tare da manne yana da sauri. Duk da haka, abin da ake bukata don gluing shine cewa bangon ya kasance cikakke. A wannan yanayin ba lallai ba ne a karya filastar a bango, amma fale-falen sun makale a bango. Abubuwan da ake ɗaurewa shine tarwatsewar asalin wucin gadi gauraye da yashi. A cikin ɗakuna masu zafi sosai - a cikin ɗakunan wanka - za mu iya ƙara siminti zuwa manne a cikin rabin rabin rabo kuma a haxa shi tare da ƙari na ruwa don sa shi santsi kuma ya dace da yadawa. Ya kamata a yi amfani da baya na tayal da aka tsoma a baya tare da spatula3-4girman wannan manne50na kudi da sanya su a wurarensu. Ana yin gyare-gyaren a kwance, a tsaye, tazara da grouting kamar yadda lokacin da aka shimfiɗa a cikin turmi siminti.
Tiles da aka yi da kayan wucin gadi
Waɗannan allunan sun fi sauƙin aiki da su. Girman su shine150x150x2mm. Ana iya yanke su da sauƙi kuma shigar da su ta hanyar gluing a bango.
Bayanan tsaro: wannan rubutu ne na tarihi, kuma gaurayawan, kayan aiki da hanyoyin da aka siffanta ba ƙayyadaddun ayyuka ba ne na zamani. Kafin aiki, ya kamata ka bincika dalilin danshi da fashe, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi da kwanciyar hankali na substrate, hana ruwa da ake buƙata da daidaituwar tsarin gaba ɗaya, kuma bi ka’idodi masu inganci da umarnin manne, grout da fale-falen fale-falen. Ana buƙatar sarrafa ƙura, samun iska da kariya ta sirri yayin rushewa, yanke da haɗuwa.