Inothi elibalulekile lezempilo nokuphepha: Lona umbhalo ogcinwe kungobo yomlando osuka ku-2017. unyaka, futhi hhayi umyalo wesimanje wokusebenza kwemisebenzi yokudweba noma izincomo zezinto ezithile. Amapende amadala, ama-coatings, ama-pigments ayimpuphu, ama-adhesives, ama-solvents nama-substrates angase abe nokubunjwa okungaziwa; akufanele zidwetshwe, zigaywe, zishiselwe, zixutshwe noma zihlakazwe ngaphambi kokuba zikhonjwe. Umswakama, isikhunta, ukhonkolo olungazinzile kanye nezithako ezingaba yingozi zidinga ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe. Kuwo wonke umkhiqizo namuhla, kuyisibopho ukulandela isimemezelo, ishidi ledatha yezobuchwepheshe nezokuphepha, uqinisekise ukungena komoya, ukulawula uthuli, ukuvikelwa kwesikhumba namehlo kanye nezinye izinto zokuzivikela ezinqunyiwe. Kudingeka ukuqapha okukhethekile lapho usebenza ezitebhisini, eduze nokufakwa kukagesi, nge-caustic lime, ama-solvents nezingqimba ezindala ezingaziwa. Izindlela zokupheka zangempela, amanani, izivivinyo zezandla kanye nezimangalo zokuphepha kuleli khasi zilondolozwe njengerekhodi lomlando futhi azithatheli indawo yokucaciswa komkhiqizo wesimanje noma usonkontileka oqeqeshiwe.
Izindonga zokunamathisela nokudweba aziyona ingxenye yomnikelo omusha womphakathi we-Savo Kusić. Ukugxila kwamanje amafasitela ezingodo, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium, amawindi angokwezifiso kanye neminyango. Ngewindi noma iphrojekthi yomnyango, ungathumela isicelo sekhwothi.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokudweba nokudweba, yiqiniso, ukuvikela nokugcina ukuhlanzeka kwezindonga, izinto zokhuni nezensimbi, kodwa lokhu kungenye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlobisa. Okungukuthi, ngokudweba nokudweba, sifinyelela indawo enhle kakhulu, ejabulisayo nevumelanayo. Kuhle kakhulu ukuthi imboni kapende ikhiqiza izinto ezinjalo ezilula kakhulu ukusebenza nazo, lapho ngisho nalabo abangenalo ukuqeqeshwa okwanele bangasebenza ngempumelelo. Imisebenzi enjalo ayidingi ngisho namathuluzi akhethekile noma iziqu ezikhethekile.
Ngakho-ke, kulo mkhakha, wonke umuntu angaveza kalula ukufaneleka kwakhe kobuciko obusetshenzisiwe. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sijwayelane nendlela yokudweba nokudweba, kufanele sizijwayeze nemithetho eyisisekelo kanye nemiphumela yokusebenzisa imibala.
Umbala, umehluko nokuvumelana
Kuyaziwa ukuthi imibala ithinta isimo somuntu, isifiso sokusebenza, ngisho nokukhiqiza kwakhe. Sithola inhlanganisela yemibala imnandi, eminye ingajabulisi kangako. Siyazi futhi ukuthi cishe wonke umuntu unombala awuthandayo.
Kanjalo, akunandaba ukuthi injani imibala, izinto zemvelo yethu, ifenisha, izingubo; noma uma sinemibala eminingi, uyini umphumela ohlanganisiwe waleyo mibala. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi efulethini nasezintweni ezikuyo, ngoba sichitha isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwethu endlini.
Esikhathini esedlule, imibala emibili yayidlangile efulethini: insundu ngokwefenisha yokhuni kanye nombala oshibhe kakhulu wezindonga, omhlophe, umbala womcako. Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza noma owolintshi wezindonga, ifenisha, iphepha lodonga, amakhethini, njll kwakubhekwa njengokuhlambalaza esikhathini esidlule. Kodwa-ke, namuhla ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zanamuhla, imfashini yombala ishintshile, ngisho nenhlanganisela yemibala ekhanyayo iyathandwa. Kodwa amafomu esimanje kanye nemibala kufanele futhi kuhlanganiswe ngokunambitheka, ngoba “zanamuhla” akusho ukunambitha. Kungashiwo futhi ukuthi: “Imibalabala ayikabi nemibala!”
Isikhathi esiningi ngisho nochwepheshe akakwazi ukunquma ngenhlanganisela efanele yemibala yefulethi, imuphi umbala wefenisha ohambisana nombala wezindonga, phansi, njll., ngaphandle kokucabangisisa. Isikhundla sabantu abasha, abasanda kuqala empilweni futhi abangenalwazi ngobuciko obusetshenziswayo, sinzima nakakhulu. Akulula kubantu asebekhulile abalungiselela ukuthuthela efulethini lesimanje noma ukushintsha ifenisha yabo. Inhloso yalesi sigaba sencwadi ukusiza wonke umuntu kulokhu, ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nemibala nokuvumelana kwayo. Kodwa akumelwe kukhohlwe ukuthi labo abahlala efulethini, ukuze bazizwe bekhululekile, akufanele bakhaphele ukunambitheka kwabo, ngoba akukhona nje lokho abakuzwayo noma abakubona kwabanye okumnandi. Kufanele balandele imithetho evamile yokunambitha nokuvumelana kombala, kodwa kufanele bahlanganise imibono yabo kanye nokunambitha kwabo ngaphakathi kwalezo zinhlaka.
Iso lomuntu liyakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala eyinkulungwane noma imithunzi yaleyo mibala. Abadwebi, abaphrinta, bazi kahle ukuthi imibala nemibala ingatholakala ngokuxuba imibala eyisisekelo: obomvu, ophuzi nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokuxuba le mibala eyinhloko, imibala exubile eyinhloko (imibala yesibili) ingatholakala: kusukela kuwolintshi obomvu nophuzi, kusukela ophuzi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - oluhlaza okotshani, kokubomvu nokunsomi.
Imibuthano Yombala Eyinhloko, Yesibili kanye Naphezulu
Imibala eyinhloko (eyinhloko) nemibala exubile eyinhloko inika umbuthano wombala oyisisekelo. Kungumbuthano onjalo kumjikelezo lapho imibala ihlelwa khona eduze komunye nomunye ngendlela yokuthi phakathi kwemibala emibili eyinhloko kukhona umbala oxubile otholakala ngokuxuba okuyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, onxantathu ababili bangadwetshwa esondweni eliyisisekelo lombala. Ezingalweni zomunye kukhona imibala eyinhloko, futhi ezingalweni zomunye ngokuyinhloko imibala ehlanganisiwe.
Umbuthano oyisisekelo olungile usiza kakhulu ukwazi imithetho yokuvumelana kombala. Okungukuthi, imibala ephikisanayo noma ehambisanayo iyashintshana komunye nomunye kumbuthano wombala oyisisekelo.
Imibala ehlobene, noma imibala “ehambayo” enye kwenye, iseduze kwenye esondweni lombala eliyisisekelo. Imibala emithathu encikene esondweni eliyisisekelo imele lokho okubizwa ngemibala emithathu.
Imibala ephindwe kane imelelwa imibala ebili ehlobene, eseduze komunye nomunye kumbuthano kanye nemibala ehlobene efanayo, kodwa ngokuphambene ncamashi nokubhanqwa kokuqala kumbuthano, phendula. imibala ehlukene yokupheya kokuqala.
Isibonelo semibala ehlukene siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nowolintshi, ngemibala ehlobene ebomvu, osawolintshi nophuzi emithathu, kanye ne-purple emine, obomvu kanye nophuzi nokuluhlaza.
Kulabo abaneso elihle, ngeke kube nzima ukuhlukanisa imibala yesibili noma eminingi exubile kusukela ku-spectrum yombala osushiwo kakade wemibala eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa futhi uyifake phakathi kwemibala emithathu eyinhloko nemithathu eyinhloko exutshiwe, kanye nokunquma izici ezihambisanayo (ukugqama, ukuvumelana, njll.).
Masiqaphele futhi ukuthi imibala eyisisekelo noma eyinhloko yesibili engenayo imithunzi ibizwa ngokuthi imibala eqondile, kodwa leli futhi igama laleyo mibala ehlanganiswe umkhiqizi futhi engakahlanganiswa neminye imibala. Embonini yezindwangu namuhla, imibala eqondile ayiziswa kakhulu futhi imibala exubile ifunwa kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwemibala, amathunzi, amathoni ombala anomthelela omuhle kakhulu. Kulula kakhulu ukuhlukanisa amathoni phakathi komhlophe (“umbala oyiziro”) nomnyama (“ukuntuleka kokukhanya okuphelele”). Uma uhlanganisa umehluko omhlophe nomnyama, uthola impunga. Amathoni ahlukene okumpunga ukusuka kokumhlophe kuye kokumnyama akha i-spectrum yombala ompunga. Umbala ompunga “uhlala unomphela” wona ngokwawo (isb. uyintandokazi yezimoto), kodwa ngokungeza eminye imibala kuyasiza ekudaleni amathoni azo.
Ngamathoni amhlophe namnyama, imiphumela yepulasitiki kakhulu ingafinyelelwa. Isibonelo ezakhiweni ezine-plaster “sgraffitto”, ukufaka i-plaster emthunzini kudala umbono wokuthi isakhiwo senziwe ngamatshe emvelo asikwe kahle.
Efulethini elihlotshiswe kahle nelincane, ukugqama kusiza ukuphula i-monotony, ngakho-ke, izinto ezimbalwa kuphela ezinombala ohlukile (isb., ama-cushions, indwangu yetafula) ezingahle ziphambuke emibaleni ehlobene ngenye yefenisha naphansi. Isisekelo sokuvumelana kombala wekamelo ngokuqinisekile sinqunywa izindonga, okufanele zivumelane nombala wephansi.
Ngokukhanya okungcono kwegumbi, izindonga kufanele zibelula, imibala ye-pastel futhi amaphethini akufanele ahluke kakhulu kumbala oyisisekelo, okungukuthi kufanele ahluke. Okuluhlaza okukhanyayo kudala umuzwa wokuzola, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka umuzwa wokuphola, okuphuzi umuzwa wokufudumala, kanye nowolintshi umuzwa wokuzola.
Ukuhluka kokukhanya okuvela ngaphandle kuthambisa amakhethini, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo afihla isikhala. Ngenkathi iwindi elivulekile lokuxhumana kwe-balcony nemvelo livaliwe futhi limbozwe ngamakhethini, lihlukanisa igumbi nomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, ngokucabangela zonke lezi zici, kufanele ukhethe inhlanganisela efanele yemibala yamakamelo ngamanye, ukuze ahambisane nemisebenzi yalawo makamelo.
Umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo wezindonga zekamelo lokulala ufana ngokulinganayo nemibala emnyama noma ekhanyayo yefenisha, futhi ngokuqhathanisa, umata owodwa noma ikhethini elilodwa lombala ohambisanayo kwanele impela.
Ngemibala ye-pastel emhlophe noma ekhanyayo yezindonga zekhishi, ifenisha yombala okhanyayo nayo ifanelekile, futhi ngokuqhathanisa, iswishi eyodwa, isibambo esisodwa noma umphetho owodwa wombala ofanayo kwanele. Ekamelweni lokugezela, inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yemibala yodonga, noma ifenisha, imhlophe-bovu, okuluhlaza okotshani ngokukhanyayo nokuphuzi nokukhanya okusasibhakabhaka okusawolintshi.
Uma unegumbi lezingane endlini yakho, lingaba nemibala ethe xaxa, kodwa nalapho kuphela ifenisha okufanele ibe mnyama kancane ngethoni.
Ukugqama okuphezulu kungavunyelwa ehholo.
Futhi ekugcineni, asiqaphele ukuthi lena akuyona imithetho eqinile, kodwa yizimiso zokuma noma amaqiniso lapho wonke umuntu kufanele akhe ukuvumelana kwemibala yefulethi lakhe ngokubona kwakhe.
Isibonelo sengaphakathi lapho izindonga ezibomvu zibeka khona ithoni evelele
Ukulungiselela ukubumba
Uma sinqume ngombala, singaqala ukusebenzisa “izimfihlo” zemisebenzi yokudweba. Imbalwa imisebenzi yasendlini impumelelo yayo incike kakhulu ekulungiseleleni njengokudweba. Isibonelo Udonga olusanda kufakwa lukhonkolo lungafakwa kuphela uma seluvele lome ngokuphelele, okungukuthi lapho umcako oqukethwe kuwo uboshwe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungaqinisekiswa ngokunembile ngokwenza ikhambi le-phenolphthalein 1% ngotshwala kanye nokufaka iconsi ku-plaster odongeni. Uma i-droplet iba bomvu, kusho ukuthi umcako awukakabeki. Siqala ngokususa ungqimba oludala lodaka noma umcako nge-spatula ebanzi odongeni lomcako oseluvele lunamekiwe. Umsebenzi uzoba lula futhi kuzodaleka uthuli oluncane uma kuqala simanzisa udonga ngebhulashi elimhlophe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sisuse imifantu nokungalingani kwe-plaster. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuxuba ukhonkolo nesihlabathi esihle ngokwesilinganiso 1:1 bese wengeza amanzi anele ukuze ingxube isakazwe ngokulinganayo odongeni. Le nto yokulinganisa isetshenziswa emifantwini yodonga nge-trowel, ukuze iguqe nalo lonke udonga. Udonga luyoba flat ngokuphelele kuphela uma silinganisa lonke ukhonkolo.
I-Phenolphthalein, isixazululo sotshwala, isilinganiso segypsum nesanti kanye nencazelo yokususwa kwezingqimba ezindala kuyingxenye yerekhodi langempela lapha. Namuhla, ukuvuthwa kanye nomswakama we-substrate, ukukhethwa kwe-primer kanye nezinto zokulungisa, nokuhambisana ne-topcoat kuyahlolwa ngokuya ngesistimu yomkhiqizi othize. Izigqoko ezindala ezingaziwa akufanele zikwalwe noma zifakwe isihlabathi ngaphandle kokuhlonza nokulawula uthuli.
“Njenge-lime”
Mhlawumbe, abantu abaningi bajwayele isisho esithi: “Ijaji, njenge-lime”. Kulesi sisho, sikhuluma ngeziko lokucwilisa umcako kanye nezinqola, ababehambisa kuzo umcako ongashiyiwe emadolobheni, kwathi uma zibanjwa yimvula, umcako waqala ukucwila.
I-slaking of lime, ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi oyingozi kangangokuthi akufanelekile ukuwenza ngesikhathi sosayizi omncane. Kungcono kakhulu ukuthola umcako owenziwe nge-slaked noma umcako oyimpuphu we-hydrated, ongaxutshwa kalula namanzi.
Umcako ungaba ne-alkaline kakhulu futhi ubangele ukulimala okukhulu kwesikhumba namehlo. I-slaking of lime kanye nokulungiswa kwezingxube ze-lime akufanele kwenziwe ngokwalo mbhalo ogciniwe; ukukhethwa komkhiqizo, ukuxuba, ukuvikela kanye nosizo lokuqala kufanele kulandele ishidi ledatha yokuphepha lamanje kanye nemiyalelo yomkhiqizi.
Ukudweba
Amakamelo angabalulekile kangako (ikhishi, amanye amagumbi ahambisanayo, njll.) angacakwa ngobisi lomcako kuphela (fig. 1).
Isithombe 1 — Isethulo esingokomlando sokulungiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobisi lomcako
Kulo msebenzi, kuyadingeka ukuthi uxube kahle 4-5 kg i-lime elayishiwe cishe namalitha amanzi angu-10. Kunconywa ukuhlunga kuqala ingxube etholwe ngale ndlela ngesihlungo ukuze kukhishwe izigaxa ezinkulu kanye nokungcola kuyo. Ngaleli nani lobisi lomcako, igumbi elinendawo engaba ngu-4 x 4 m lingacakwa. Ungqimba luyoba lukhulu uma sengeza futhi sixuba kahle mayelana 1 kg nenhlabathi emhlophe kule ngxube. Umhlabathi omhlophe kufanele ucwiliswe emanzini amahora angu-1-2 ngaphambi kokwengeza. Ubumhlophe bombala bunganyuswa ngokungeza 1-2 dkg ultramarine. Ukwengeza cishe 10 dkg we-firnais noma amanye amafutha emifino enhlanganisweni kuzokwenza kube lula ukuwugcoba odongeni.
Lawa mavolumu nezithasiselo zilondolozelwe ukwethembeka kumthombo womlando. Akumele zisetshenziswe njengeresiphi yanamuhla: ukwakheka nokuhambisana kwezinto akukakaqinisekiswa, futhi ukuvikelwa ezintweni ezine-alkaline, ama-splash nothuli kudinga ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwengozi.
Singapenda ngebhulashi le-squeegee noma, uma singenalo, bese nge-fin eshibhile kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokudweba, uthuli kufanele lususwe odongeni ngomshanelo noma ibhulashi. Njengoba umcako ungavali kahle, kuyanconywa, ikakhulukazi ezindongeni ezingcolile, ukucakwa kabili.
I-Lime ayinamathele ezindongeni ezazivele zizincane, ngemuva kokumisa isendlalelo esisetshenzisiwe sivele siwe. Uma sipenda udonga ngale ndlela, okokuqala sidinga ukuthambisa upende oludala ngamanzi kanye nebhulashi, sivumele sivuvukale bese silisusa ngokuphelele nge-spatula.
Inzuzo yokucwecwa okumhlophe ukuthi ayidingi izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu futhi iphinde ibulale amagciwane efulethini. Ububi bayo ukuthi udonga alunambala, lungcola kalula futhi alukwazi ukugezwa.
Ukudweba udonga
Udonga lungafakwa ngezinhlobo eziningana zokugqoka. Umuntu kufanele akhethe evumelana kakhulu. Uma singahlosile ukuhlala unomphela kanye nekhono lokugeza i-coating, khona-ke eshibhile futhi elula kunazo zonke ukupenda ngemibala eboshwe ngemizwa (fig.2). Uma umgomo wethu uwukuba ukugqoka kube okuhlobisa, okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kugezeke, khona-ke kufanele sipende nge-polycolor.
Isithombe2- Ukubuka konke okungokomlando kokulandelana kwemisebenzi yokudweba ekamelweni
Ukudweba ngemibala eboshwe ngeteyipu
Ngaphambi kokuqala isihlabathi, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi i-coating ekhona odongeni ingafakwa isihlabathi. Uma leso singqimba siqhekeke kakhulu, sivuvukele noma sikhulu kakhulu, kufanele sisuswe.
Ukukhishwa kwesendlalelo esidala kwenziwa ngokusimanzisa ngebhulashi elimanzi bese usikwesula nge-spatula. Ukunakekela kufanele kuthathwe ukuze ungalimazi ukhonkolo ngaphansi koqweqwe oludala. Lokhu kusebenza kudla isikhathi impela, kodwa kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo sokugaya ikhwalithi.
Uma ukuqhekeka kwesendlalelo esidala kungabalulekile futhi ungqimba alugqinsi kakhulu, khona-ke kwanele ukususa nge-spatula kuphela izingxenye ezivuvukele neziqhekekile.
Ngemva kokukhipha i-coating endala (noma izingxenye), uthuli kufanele lukhishwe odongeni ngomshanelo futhi udonga kufanele lufakwe insipho kahle. Uma wenza insipho, kufanele uncibilikise cishe 1 kg wensipho ebhakedeni elilodwa lamanzi bese umboza izindonga nosilingi ngokulinganayo ngalesi sixazululo usebenzisa ibhulashi.
Uma izindonga sezivele zome ngokuphelele, sekuyisikhathi sokuxhuma izimbobo, imifantu kanye nokucindezelwa odongeni.
Kudingeka uhlanganise 1 kg i-gypsum nohhafu welitha lamanzi eliqukethe 5 dkg ye-putal elungiselelwe ngaphambilini nebilisiwe. Indwangu inciphisa isivinini sokusetha ukhonkolo, ngakho umsebenzi wenziwa ube lula ngale ndlela, kodwa ingxube elungiselelwe ngale ndlela kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphakathi 15 minutes, okusho ukuthi ingxube eningi kuphela okufanele ilungiswe njengoba izosetshenziswa 15 mamaminithi.
I-Gypstering yezimbobo ezincane kanye nokuqhekeka odongeni kwenziwa ngokusabalalisa isisindo esichazwe ngaphambilini nesilungisiwe nge-spatula, futhi ngemva kokumisa susa ngokuphelele ukungalingani nge-sandpaper noma iphepha elicwebezelayo.
Emisebenzini yekhwalithi ephezulu, izindonga zivame ukuplastwa. Ukuze kufakwe ukhonkolo, ubisi lomcako luthathwa ne-puttkal ethile bese kwengezwa ukhonkolo olwanele ukwenza insalela engakwazi ukugcotshwa. Lesi sisindo sisetshenziswa odongeni izikhathi eziningana nge-spatula ebanzi, kuze kube yilapho ubuso bugcwele ngokuphelele. (Sicela uqaphele ukuthi uma usebenzisa ukusika, futhi ikakhulukazi uma wenza isisekelo sokwenza iphethini, ukushelela kungase kushiywe). Ubuso obunamekiwe futhi bunamekwe kufanele bugcotshwe ngesisombululo sensipho. Ngemuva kwale misebenzi, ukugaya kungaqalwa njengomgomo omkhulu womsebenzi. Okokuqala, imigqa yomngcele yokupulameka ezindongeni nasophahleni iphawulwa ngentambo, bese kulungiswa izinto ezidingekayo zokunamathisela usilingi (fig. 3).
Isithombe 3 — Ukumaka umugqa womngcele ngentambo ngaphambi kokubunjwa
Cishe 5 amalitha amanzi, hlanganisa 5 kg stričla kanye 1 kg umhlaba omhlophe ocwiliswe ngaphambili. Ukuxuba kungenziwa futhi ngesandla ukuze izigaxa zichotshozwe kahle.
Komunye umkhumbi, 1 ilitha lamanzi, cishe 20 dkg ye-totkal kufanele ibiliswe ize incibilike ngokuphelele. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ungashisi inhlama lapho upheka.
Isixazululo seglue kufanele sipholiswe kancane futhi uma sesivele sivivi ngokwanele, kufanele sengezwe kusisombululo sikadayi esilungisiwe ngokunyakaziswa njalo.
Imfihlo yekhwalithi yokusanding odongeni enanini elidingekayo le-putty eyengeziwe. Okungukuthi, inani elidingekayo lokuzwakaliswa kopende lwempushana liyashintsha ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye. Ngakho-ke, inani elinikezwe ngaphambilini lika-20 dkg lifundisa kuphela, kufanele sinqume inani eliqondile ngokwethu. Kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi ekuqaleni kokwengezwa kwe-tutkal ecwilisiwe futhi exutshwe ku-strikla, i-strikla iqala ukugoqa, ngemva kokuthululwa kwesibili noma kwesithathu, iba mkhulu nakakhulu, futhi kamuva iba mncane. Ukwengeza inhlama nokuxuba kufanele kuqhutshekwe kuze kube yilapho uzwa ukuthi isisindo sincane ngaphansi kwesandla sakho futhi siqala ukuconsa kancane kancane esandleni sakho lapho usikhipha endukwini. Uma iminwe yesandla ivaliwe futhi ivuliwe futhi, ifilimu encane yopende yenziwa phakathi kwabo. Ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa kopende ngebhulashi, yengezwe kupende ngemuva kokwengezwa kwe-putty kanye nama-deciliters ambalwa obisi. Ungenzi iphutha lapho ungeza i-putty, ngoba uma kufakwe kancane, upende lusulwa odongeni ngendlela ye-powder ngemva kokumisa, futhi uma kuningi, khona-ke upende uwela ngendlela yama-flakes amancane.
Upende wempuphu endala, i-putty noma ingxube engaziwa akufanele ihlolwe ngesandla esingenalutho noma iphekwe futhi isetshenziswe ngokwale ncazelo. Ukuthinta isikhumba, ukuhogela uthuli nomhwamuko, ukushisisa okokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa endaweni engaziwa kudinga umkhiqizo ohlonziwe, umoya omncane kanye nokuvikela okusohlwini lwedatha yedatha yokuphepha.
Inani elilungile le-putty lingabuye lihlolwe ngokuthatha isampula kungxube bese uyigcoba ephepheni. Linda ize yome, bese uzama ngeminwe eyomile ukuze ubone ukuthi umbala ususiwe yini. Uma isuswa, kuyengezwa eminye imicu.
Ngemva kwale misebenzi yokulungiselela, zonke izinto ezisegumbini (ama-wardrobes, ama-chandeliers, njll.) kufanele zimbozwe ngephepha, ukuze uqale ukudweba uphahla. Ukuxubha kufanele kwenziwe ngebhulashi elithi “sheiben”. Kumelwe sihambise ibhulashi ngokulinganayo, ngaso sonke isikhathi sibheke ohlangothini olulodwa futhi sibheke ohlangothini oluhambisana nokukhanya kodonga, ngoba ngale ndlela iminonjana yebhulashi izobe ingabonakali kancane. Uma uphahla lungcoliswe kakhulu ngaphambi kokusihlabathi, kunconywa ukuthi usihlabathi kabili. Kulesi simo, ekusetshenzisweni kokuqala, ibhulashi kufanele lihanjiswe ngokuphambene nendawo yokukhanya. Akufanele neze isetshenziswe ngokuqinile, kungcono ukusebenzisa upende ngezigaba eziningana. Okungukuthi, ungqimba oluwugqinsi lukapende, olufakwa kungazelelwe odongeni, luyaxebuka ngokushesha ngemva kokoma.
Uma ukuplasta isilingi kuqediwe, singaqala ukuplasta izindonga eziseceleni.
Izindonga eziseceleni zivame ukupendwe ngemibala ekhanyayo, ephaphathekile. Imibala ye-pastel idalwe ngokuqala kwenziwe isisekelo esimhlophe 5 kg esimhlophe sase-Viennese, 5 kg umhlaba omhlophe kanye namalitha amanzi angaba ngu-5. 30-50 dkg kapende oyimpushana yengezwa kule ngxube (kuye ngokuthi umthunzi onjani). Imibala yempushana ingahluka kakhulu futhi sizokhuluma kuphela ebaluleke kakhulu lapha.
Umbala wendlovu ufinyelelwa ngokungeza i-ocher, futhi umbala we-drap ufinyelelwa ngokungeza i-satinber. Umbala uzogqama kakhulu ngokwengeza i-Chrome Yellow noma Ephuzi yase-Baltimore. Ama-shades aluhlaza athandwa kakhulu, atholakala ngokungeza ukukhanya noma okuluhlaza okumnyama (usimende noma i-fresco green).
Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka utholwa ngokungeza i-ultramarine noma i-azure blue. Ngemibala ebomvu, kufanele wengeze i-Pompeian Red ne-Oxide Red ne-Oxide Rotten Cherry. Umbala ompunga ufinyelelwa ngokwengeza okumnyama nokumnyama kwe-oxide.
Uma upende lwempushana luxutshwe kahle, inani elidingekayo lokugcwalisa liyengezwa. Mayelana nalokhu, cishe 40 dkg ye-tutkal kufanele ibiliswe 2 amalitha amanzi.
Lapho uplasta izindonga, udinga >>screed<< četku pomicati ravnomerno i u vertikalnom pravcu.
Uma upende ophahleni nasezindongeni seluvele lomile, umugqa wokuqedela uyenziwa. Umugqa wokugcina kufanele umakwe kuqala (uphinwe). Ukumaka kungenziwa ngendlela elula ngentambo egcotshwe nge-ocher noma ngopende omnyama. Ukuphela kwentambo kugxilwe nge-nail futhi kuqiniswe kahle ngaphezu kwendawo yokumaka oyifunayo, idonswe ngeminwe futhi ikhululwe ngokuzumayo, ukuze upende, noma intambo ishiye uphawu. Ngemva kwalokho, i-counter-tone idalwe kusukela kumbala wesisekelo, ukuze umugqa ubonakale, futhi umugqa wokugcina uhlotshaniswa nebhulashi. Lo msebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ibhulashi eselisetshenzisiwe ukudweba imigqa, okuthi “run-in”, kanye nerula, noma idivayisi yokukhipha (fig. 4).
Isithombe 4 — Ukumaka nokulolongwa komugqa wokugcina
Uma izindonga ezinephethini zifunwa, kufanele kusetshenziswe irola yethangi (okungenzeka ibolekiwe). Kunconywa ikakhulukazi ukuphethini izindonga, uma udonga lunganele, ngoba amaphethini ngenxa yomphumela we-optical asusa lezi ziphambeko. Iphethini kufanele yenziwe ngombala ofanayo noma ngombala ofanayo nombala wesisekelo, kodwa ngethoni elula noma emnyama. Ukuze uthole ukunamathela okuhle, engeza ubisi oluncane.
Uma amaphethini enziwe ngesiliva noma imibala yegolide-yethusi, esikhundleni sokuzwa, ingilazi yamanzi yengezwa kusixazululo. Cishe ingxenye yenani lamanzi kufanele ifakwe engilazini yamanzi. 1 ilitha lengilazi yamanzi ehlanjululiwe yengezwa 10-15 dkg ye-aluminium noma upende wegolide wethusi, kuye ngosayizi wegumbi. Ngemva kokuxuba imibala, ingxube idinga isikhathi esithile ukuze ime. Esikhundleni sesixazululo sengilazi yamanzi, ungasebenzisa isixazululo esimhlophe samaqanda (emhlophe 6-8 amaqanda cishe 1/2 ilitha lamanzi).
Ama-pigments, izimpushana zensimbi, ingilazi yamanzi nezibophezelo ezithuthukisiwe akufanele kuhlanganiswe ngokwale recipe yomlando. Ukwakheka kwezingulube ezindala kungase kungaziwa, impushana ecolekile ingase ibe yingozi ukuyihogela, futhi ukuhambisana nokuziphatha kokumboza okuqediwe akuqinisekisiwe.
Ukusebenzisa iphethini (ukudweba), upende olungisiwe kufanele uthululwe ku-roller tank. Cindezela i-roller ngokulinganayo odongeni bese udonsa ukusuka phezulu ukuya phansi ngokuqondile ngendlela eqondile. Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-seams ama-basted alungile eduze komunye nomunye futhi ahambisana, ngaphandle kwalokho iphethini izobe ingalingani noma idlulele.
Ukudweba izindonga nge-emulsion noma ngopende wokuhlakazeka
Ukwembozwa nge-polycolor noma imibala ehlakazekile kuhlala unomphela futhi kuhle kakhulu kunokwemboza okunemibala eboshwe ngendwangu. Kuzuzisa ngokukhethekile ukuthi izindawo ezincane zodonga zingagezwa nalokhu kuhlanganiswa. Ukungcola, ama-soot deposits akhishwa kalula ezindongeni nge-detergent (ngaphandle kwe-lye) namanzi. Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa kufanele ilandelwe, njengoba i-coat engasetshenziswanga kahle ingase ikhuhle noma ikhishwe kamuva. Ikakhulukazi, kufanele sinake iziyalezo eziphathelene nokulungiswa kwendawo. Upende omhlophe oyisisekelo kanye nama-pastes adingekayo wokuxuba imibala ye-pastel ingatholakala esitolo. Ama-pastes angatholakala ngemibala elandelayo: ophuzi, ocher, oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, o-oxide obomvu nomnyama.
Roller kanye namakhadi ethoni wokukhetha umbala wokugcina wodonga
Ngokudweba igumbi elilodwa ngokusekelwe kokuthi 4 x 4 m, udinga mayelana 14-16 kg umbala oyisisekelo futhi cishe 1/4 kg unamathisele kumbala owufunayo. Okuqukethwe kokunamathisela ku-coating akumele kudlule 3%, ngoba inani elikhulu linganciphisa ikhono lokugeza izindonga. Ezimweni eziningi, cishe 0,5% ukunamathisela kwanele kumathoni alula. Ngaphambi kokugaya, yonke indawo yodonga kufanele ilinganiswe ukuze ibushelelezi ngokuphelele bese imanzisa kahle ngebhulashi. Upende akufanele lufakwe endaweni eyomile.
Okokuqala, ukuprimisa kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi 4 kg isisekelo sixutshwe nokuthi 1 1/2 ilitha lamanzi, bese usilingi nezindonga zimbozwe ngokulinganayo futhi zibe ohlangothini olulodwa ngale bhulashi. Uma lesi sisekelo soma, isilingi simbozwa izikhathi ezimbili ngaphezulu ngesisekelo esihlanjululwe cishe ngo-10% wamanzi. Isikhathi sokumisa phakathi kwezindwangu ezimbili kufanele okungenani sibe amahora angu-3-5.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukupenda izindonga, kufanele uhlanganise ithoni yombala oyifunayo. Kulokhu kufanele siqale sinciphise ukunamathisela ngokuphindwe kabili noma kathathu inani lepende elimhlophe bese uxuba kahle. Lesi sixazululo kufanele sengezwe kupende omhlophe oyisisekelo ngokuvuselela njalo. Okwamanje, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi ithoni oyifunayo iyatholakala yini. Kufanele sinakekele ukuthi umbala uyakhanya kancane uma umanzi.
Upende olungisiwe uhlanjululwa ngamanzi acishe abe ngu-10% futhi usetshenziswe odongeni izendlalelo ezimbili kusetshenziswa ibhulashi. Isikhathi sokumisa phakathi kwamajazi amabili kufanele futhi sibe amahora angu-3-5 lapha.
Ngemva kokuqeda ukudweba, ibhulashi kufanele ligezwe ngokushesha emanzini, ngoba uma limile, upende lungasuswa kuphela ebhulashini nge-solvent (i-acetone, njll.). Amaconsi asuka phansi kufanele futhi asuswe ngokushesha ngamanzi, ngoba ngemva kokoma angasuswa kuphela ngesixazululi.
Opende abahlakazekayo abavimbeli “ukuphefumula” kwemvelo kwezindonga, bangahlanjululwa ngamanzi, abanawo umphumela olimazayo empilweni, abadali ingozi yomlilo futhi abanalo iphunga elibi. Amapende okuhlakazeka angasetshenziswa kalula ukwenza iphethini kanye nemigqa yokuqedela.
Izimangalo ezimayelana nomthelela empilweni, umlilo, iphunga, “ukuphefumula” kodonga, ubuningi bamanzi kanye nendlela yokuhlanza azivumeleki ngokuzenzakalelayo kuwo wonke amapende wokuhlakazwa kwesimanje. Izincibilikisi, okuhlanganisa i-acetone, akufanele zisetshenziswe ngaphandle kwemiyalo ecacile yomkhiqizi, ukuhlolwa kwe-substrate, ukungena komoya kanye nokuvikelwa entuthukweni nasemililweni. Isimemezelo kanye neshidi ledatha yezobuchwepheshe nezokuphepha lomkhiqizo oqondile kugunyaziwe.
Ukunamathiselwa kwezindonga zangaphandle
Ukuplastwa kwezindonga zangaphandle kuxazululwa kalula nje ngokudweba. Ubisi lwe-lime olutholwe ngokuxuba umcako owenziwe nge-slaked namanzi ngokwesilinganiso 1:1 luyadingeka ukuze kucashwe mhlophe. Kusetshenziswa umcako osudala kuphela (otshekiwe 2-3 emavikini ngaphambi kokuplasta), ngoba umcako osanda kucwiliswa awunamatheli odongeni.
Isendlalelo sokuqala sisetshenziswa ngobisi lwe-lime kuphela. Okwesendlalelo sesibili, upende lwe-powder lwengezwa ngethoni oyifunayo. Ngokuvamile 5-20% umbala wempushana wengezwa ngokusekelwe enanini lomcako.
Ukuze kuzuzwe ithoni oyifunayo, imibala engaxutshwa nomcako kuphela engasetshenziswa, okungukuthi: i-ocher, i-satinober, i-Venetian red, i-lacquer emnyama, i-oxide emnyama, okuluhlaza kukasimende ne-ultramarine. Imibala efana nale: Okubomvu Okukhanyayo, Okuphuzi kwe-Chrome, okuphuzi kwe-Baltimore, okuluhlaza okotshani kwe-Fresco, okuluhlaza okotshani kwe-Zinc, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oku-Azure, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwe-Odol, okubomvu kwe-Turkish, njll. ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukudweba izindonga zangaphandle.
Ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa kopende ngebhulashi, kuyancomeka ukuthi wengeze amaphesenti ambalwa kawoyela wemifino (isb. uwoyela we-linseed) kupende.
Izimbobo ezingcono kakhulu nezinhle kakhulu zingatholwa kuma-facade anopende we-polycolor uma kuqhathaniswa nezimbozwe ze-lime.
Ukusebenza ku-facade ngaphezu kwalokho kuhlanganisa ukufinyelela okuphephile nokuvikelwa kokuwa, izimo zezulu, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nabadlulayo, isimo nomswakama we-substrate nokuhambisana kwalo lonke uhlelo lwe-facade. Izilinganiso zomcako, amanzi, umbala namafutha asuka kule ncazelo yomlando akufanele zisetshenziswe ngaphandle komklamo wamanje kanye nokucaciswa komkhiqizi.