Inqaku elibalulekileyo lezempilo nokhuseleko: Lo ngumbhalo ogciniweyo osuka 2017. unyaka, kwaye kungekhona umyalelo wanamhlanje wokusebenza kwemisebenzi yokupeyinta okanye isiluleko sezinto ezithile. Ipeyinti endala, iingubo, i-pigment powder, i-adhesives, i-solvents kunye ne-substrates ingaba nokwakheka okungaziwayo; akufunekanga ukuba zikhutywe, zicolwe, mazingatshiswe, zixutywe okanye zinyibilikiswe phambi kokuba zichongwe. Ukufuma, ukungunda, udaka olungazinzanga kunye nezithako ezinokuba yingozi zifuna uhlolo lobungcali. Kuyo yonke imveliso namhlanje, kunyanzelekile ukuba ulandele isibhengezo, ishidi ledatha yobugcisa kunye nokhuseleko, ukuqinisekisa ukungena komoya, ukulawula uthuli, ukukhuselwa kwesikhumba kunye namehlo kunye nezinye izixhobo ezimiselweyo zokukhusela. Ulumkiso olukhethekileyo lufunekayo xa usebenza kwiileli, kufuphi nokufakelwa kombane, kunye ne-caustic lime, i-solvents kunye neengqimba ezindala ezingaziwayo. Iiresiphi zokuqala, ubungakanani, ukulingwa ngesandla kunye namabango okhuseleko kweli phepha agcinwe njengerekhodi yembali kwaye ayithathi indawo yenkcazo yemveliso yangoku okanye ikontraka eqeqeshiweyo.
Ukutyalwa kunye neendonga zokupeyinta aziyonxalenye yesibonelelo esitsha sika-Savo Kusić. Ugxininiso lwangoku ziifestile zamaplanga, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam, iifestile zesiqhelo kunye neengcango. Ngefestile okanye iprojekthi yocango, ungathumela isicelo sesicatshulwa.
Injongo ephambili yokudweba kunye nokupenda, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukukhusela nokugcina ukucoceka kweendonga, izinto zokhuni kunye nentsimbi, kodwa oku kungenye yeendlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlobisa. Oko kukuthi, ngokupeyinta kunye nokupeyinta, sifezekisa indawo enhle, emnandi kunye nemvisiswano. Kuhle kakhulu ukuba ishishini lepeyinti livelise izinto ezinjalo ekulula kakhulu ukusebenza nazo, apho nabo bangenalo uqeqesho olwaneleyo banokusebenza ngempumelelo. Loo misebenzi ayifuni kwa izixhobo zikhethekileyo okanye iziqinisekiso ezikhethekileyo.
Ke ngoko, kule ntsimi, wonke umntu unokubonakalisa ngokulula ubuchule bakhe bobugcisa obusetyenzisiweyo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba siqhelane nobugcisa bokupeyinta nokupeyinta, kufuneka siziqhelanise nemithetho esisiseko kunye neziphumo zokubeka imibala.
Umbala, umahluko kunye nemvisiswano
Kuyaziwa ukuba imibala iyayichaphazela indlela umntu avakalelwa ngayo, ukuthanda kwakhe ukusebenza, kwanemveliso yakhe. Sifumanisa imidibaniso yemibala imnandi, eminye ayimnandi kangako. Siyazi nokuba phantse wonke umntu unombala awuthandayo.
Ngoko, akukhathaliseki nokuba yeyiphi imibala, izinto ezisingqongileyo, ifenitshala, iimpahla; okanye ukuba sinemibala emininzi, yintoni isiphumo esidityanisiweyo saloo mibala. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa kwindlu kunye nezinto ezikuyo, kuba sichitha ixesha elininzi lobomi bethu kwindlu.
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ibimibini imibala ebikhona kwigumbi lokuhlala: imdaka ngefanitshala yeplanga kunye nowona mbala ufikelelekayo kwiindonga, omhlophe, umbala wekalika. Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okanye o-orenji weendonga, ifenitshala, iphepha lodonga, amakhethini, njl. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje ngophuhliso lwezixhobo zanamhlanje, imfashini yombala itshintshile, kunye nokudityaniswa kwemibala ekhanyayo kuyathandwa. Kodwa iifom kunye nemibala yanamhlanje kufuneka ilungelelaniswe ngokunambitheka, kuba “imihla ngemihla” ayithethi ukuba incasa. Kusenokuthiwa: “Imibala ayikabikho mibala!”
Amaxesha amaninzi kwanengcali ayikwazi ukwenza isigqibo malunga nokudibanisa okuchanekileyo kwemibala yendlu, yintoni umbala wefenitshala ngokuhambelana nombala weendonga, umgangatho, njl., ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ngokunzulu. Isikhundla sabantu abatsha, abaqala ukuqala ebomini kwaye bengazi nto yobugcisa obusetyenzisiweyo, kunzima nakakhulu. Akuyondlwan’ iyanetha kubantu abasele bekhulile abalungiselela ukufudukela kwindlu yanamhlanje okanye batshintshe ifanitshala yabo. Injongo yeli candelo lale ncwadi kukunceda wonke umntu kule nto, ukubonelela ngolwazi olusisiseko malunga nemibala kunye nokuvisisana kwabo. Kodwa akufanele kulibale ukuba abo bahlala kwindlu, ukuze bazive bekhululekile, akufanele bathengise incasa yabo, kuba ayisiyiyo kuphela into abayivayo okanye abayibonayo kwabanye. Bamele balandele imigaqo jikelele yokungcamla kunye nokuhambelana kombala, kodwa kufuneka babandakanye iingcamango zabo kunye nokunambitheka kwabo ngaphakathi kwezo zicwangciso.
Iliso lomntu liyakwazi ukwahlula iwaka lemibala okanye izithunzi zaloo mibala. Abadwebi, abashicileli, bayazi kakuhle ukuba imibala kunye nemibala inokufumaneka ngokuxuba imibala esisiseko: obomvu, ophuzi kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokuxuba le mibala ephambili, imibala edibeneyo ephambili (imibala yesibini) inokufumaneka: ukusuka kwi-orenji ebomvu kunye nephuzi, ukusuka kumthubi kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-luhlaza, ukusuka kubomvu kunye nomfusa.
Izangqa zoMbala eziziiNqanaba, eziziSekondari kunye nezeMfundo ePhakamileyo
Imibala ephambili (ephambili) kunye nemibala exubeneyo ephambili inika isangqa esisisiseko sombala. Yisangqa esinjalo kwi-circumference apho imibala ihlelwe ngokusondeleyo komnye nomnye ngendlela yokuba phakathi kwemibala emibini ephambili kukho umbala odibeneyo ofunyenwe ngokuxuba izinto eziphambili. Ngoko ke, oonxantathu ababini banokuzotywa kwivili lombala elisisiseko. Kwiingalo zomnye kukho imibala ephambili, kwaye kwiingalo zomnye ngokuyinhloko imibala edibeneyo.
Isangqa esisisiseko esichanekileyo sinceda kakhulu ukwazi imithetho yokuhambelana kombala. Oko kukuthi, imibala eyahlukileyo okanye ehambelanayo iyatshintshana enye kwenye kwisangqa esisisiseko sombala.
Imibala eyeleleneyo, okanye imibala “ehambayo” enye kwenye, isecaleni kwenye kwivili lombala elisisiseko. Imibala emithathu eyayameneyo kwivili lombala esisiseko imele into ebizwa ngokuba yimibala emithathu.
Imibala ephindwe kane imelwe ngepere yemibala eyeleleneyo, esecaleni kwenye kwisangqa kunye nepereni yemibala ehambelanayo efanayo, kodwa echasene ngqo nesibini sokuqala kwisangqa, phendula. imibala eyahlukileyo yeperi yokuqala.
Umzekelo wemibala eyahlukileyo ibhlowu kunye neorenji, kwimibala eyelelene ebomvu, iorenji kunye netyheli emithathu, kunye nemfusa emine, ebomvu kunye netyheli kunye nohlaza.
Kwabo banamehlo amahle, akuyi kuba nzima ukwahlula imibala yesibini okanye emininzi exubeneyo ukusuka kumbala osele ukhankanyiwe wamawaka aliqela ee-shades kwaye ubabandakanye phakathi kwemibala emithathu ephambili kunye nemithathu ephambili exubeneyo, kunye nokumisela iimpawu zabo ezihambelanayo (umahluko, uhambelana, njl.njl.).
Masiqaphele kwakhona ukuba imibala esisiseko okanye esisiseko yesibini ngaphandle kwemithunzi ibizwa ngokuba yimibala ethe ngqo, kodwa eli ikwaligama laloo mibala epakishwe ekuqaleni ngumenzi kwaye engekaxutywa neminye imibala. Kwishishini le-textile namhlanje, imibala ethe ngqo ayinaxabiso elincinci kwaye imibala edibeneyo ifunwa kakhulu.
Ukongeza kwimibala, i-shades, iithoni zemibala zinefuthe elihle. Kulula kakhulu ukwahlula iithoni phakathi komhlophe (“zero color”) kunye nomnyama (“ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kokukhanya”). Ukuba udibanisa umahluko omhlophe kunye nomnyama, ufumana i-gray. Iithowuni ezingwevu ukusuka kumhlophe ukuya kumnyama zenza umbala ongwevu. Umbala ongwevu “usisigxina” ngokwawo (umzekelo, yintandokazi yeemoto), kodwa ngokudibanisa eminye imibala kunceda ukwenza iithoni zazo.
Ngeethoni ezimhlophe nezimnyama, iziphumo zeplastiki kakhulu zinokufezekiswa. Ngokomzekelo kwizakhiwo ezine-plaster “sgraffitto”, ukusebenzisa i-plaster emthunzini kudala ingcamango yokuba isakhiwo senziwe ngamatye endalo anqunywe ngokufanelekileyo.
Kwindlu ehonjiswe ngobumnandi kunye neflethi encinci, umahluko unceda ukwaphula imonotony, ke ngoko, zizinto ezimbalwa kuphela ezinombala owahlukileyo (umzekelo, iikhushini, ilaphu letafile) ezinokuphambuka kwimibala enxulumene ngenye indlela yefenitshala kunye nomgangatho. Isiseko sokuvisisana kombala wegumbi ngokuqinisekileyo sinqunywe ngeendonga, ezimele zihambelane nombala womgangatho.
Ukukhanya okungcono kwegumbi, iindonga kufuneka zibe khaphukhaphu, imibala ye-pastel kwaye iipateni azifanele zihluke kakhulu kumbala osisiseko, oko kukuthi kufuneka zicace. Umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo wenza imvakalelo yokuzola, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka imvakalelo yokuphola, imthubi imvakalelo yokufudumala, kunye ne-orenji imvakalelo yokuzola.
Ukwahlukana kokukhanya okuvela ngaphandle kuthanjisiwe ngamakhethini, kodwa kwangaxeshanye bafihla indawo. Ngelixa ifestile evulekileyo yokudibanisa i-balcony kunye nendalo ivaliwe kwaye igqunywe ngamakhethini, ihlula igumbi kwihlabathi. Ngoko ke, ngokuqwalasela zonke ezi zinto, kufuneka ukhethe ukudibanisa okufanelekileyo kwemibala yamagumbi ngamanye, ukwenzela ukuba ahambelane nemisebenzi yaloo magumbi.
Umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo weendonga zegumbi lokulala uhambelana ngokulinganayo nemibala emnyama okanye elula yefenitshala, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo, umbhoxo omnye okanye ikhethini enye yombala ohambelanayo yanele ngokwaneleyo.
Ngemibala emhlophe okanye ekhanyayo ye-pastel yeendonga zekhitshi, ifenitshala yombala okhanyayo nayo ifanelekile, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo, umtshintshi omnye, isibambo esinye okanye umgca omnye wombala ohambelanayo wanele. Kwigumbi lokuhlambela, eyona ndibaniselwano yemibala eludongeni, okanye ifenitshala, imhlophe-bomvu, ukukhanya okuluhlaza-tyheli kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza-orenji okukhanyayo.
Ukuba unegumbi labantwana kwiflethi yakho, inokuba nemibala engakumbi, kodwa nalapho kuphela ifenitshala kufuneka ibemnyama kancinci kwithowuni.
Uchasaniso oluphezulu lunokuvunyelwa eholweni.
Kwaye okokugqibela, masiqaphele ukuba le ayiyomithetho engqongqo, kodwa yimigaqo yoqhelaniso kuphela okanye iinyani apho wonke umntu kufuneka akhe ukuhambelana kwemibala yendlu yakhe ngokubona kwakhe.
Umzekelo wendawo yangaphakathi apho iindonga ezibomvu ziseta ithoni ebalaseleyo
Amalungiselelo okumong
Ukuba sigqibe ngombala, sinokuqala ukusebenzisa “iimfihlo” zemisebenzi yokupeyinta. Kukho imisebenzi yasekhaya embalwa impumelelo yayo ixhomekeke ekulungiseleleni njengokupeyinta. Umzekelo Udonga olusandul’ ukutyatyekwa lunokutyatyekwa kuphela ukuba sele lome ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi xa ikalika equlethwe kulo ibotshwe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kunokuqinisekiswa ngokuchanekileyo ngokwenza isisombululo se-phenolphthalein 1% ngotywala kunye nokusebenzisa ithontsi kwi-plaster yodonga. Ukuba i-droplet ijika ibe bomvu, oko kuthetha ukuba i-lime ayikabeki. Okokuqala sisusa umaleko omdala wodaka okanye i-lime nge-spatula ebanzi ukusuka eludongeni lwe-lime esele lutyatyekiwe. Umsebenzi uya kuba lula kwaye uthuli oluncinci luya kudalwa ukuba siqala simanzisa udonga kakuhle ngebrashi emhlophe. Ukongezelela, kufuneka sisuse iintanda kunye nokungalingani kwe-plaster. Kule nto, kufuneka udibanise i-plaster kunye nesanti ecocekileyo kumlinganiselo 1:1 kwaye wongeze amanzi aneleyo ukwenzela ukuba umxube usasazwe ngokulinganayo eludongeni. Le nto yokulinganisa isetyenziswe kwiintanda zodonga nge-trowel, ukwenzela ukuba ihlanjululwe kunye nodonga lonke. Udonga luya kuba tyaba ngokupheleleyo ukuba silinganisa lonke udaka.
I-Phenolphthalein, isisombululo se-alcohol, i-gypsum kwi-sand ratio kunye nenkcazo yokususwa kweeleyile ezindala ziyingxenye yerekhodi yokuqala apha. Namhlanje, ukukhula kunye nomswakama we-substrate, ukhetho lwe-primer kunye nezinto zokulungisa, kunye nokuhambelana ne-topcoat zihlolwe ngokwenkqubo yomenzi othile. Iingubo ezindala ezingaziwayo akufuneki zikhutywe okanye zifakwe isanti ngaphandle kokuchongwa kunye nolawulo lothuli.
“Njengekalika”
Mhlawumbi, abantu abaninzi baqhelene nentetho ethi: “Ijaji, njengekalika”. Kweli lizwi, sibhekisa kwizitofu zekalika kunye neenqwelo, ababefudula behambisa ikalika engatyibilikiyo ezidolophini, zathi zakubanjiswa yizantyalantyala zemvula, yaqalisa ukutyibilika.
I-slaking yekalika, ngoko ke, ngumsebenzi onzima kwaye unobungozi kangangokuba akucebisi ukuba uwenze ngexesha lobungakanani obuncinci. Kungcono ukuba ufumane ikalika esicedliweyo okanye ikalika egayiweyo egayiweyo, enokuxutywa lula namanzi.
Ikalika inokuba ne-alkaline kakhulu kwaye ibangele ukwenzakala okukhulu kwesikhumba kunye neliso. I-slaking ye-lime kunye nokulungiswa kwemixube ye-lime akufanele kuqhutywe ngokuhambelana nalo mbhalo wogcino; ukhetho lwemveliso, ukuxuba, ukukhuselwa kunye noncedo lokuqala kufuneka lulandele idatha yokhuseleko lwangoku kunye nemiyalelo yomenzi.
Ukupeyinta
Amagumbi angabalulekanga kangako (ikhitshi, amanye amagumbi ancedisayo, njl.njl.) anokuqatywa mhlophe kuphela ngobisi lwekalika (fig. 1).
Umfanekiso 1 — Inkcazo eyimbali yokulungisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kobisi lwekalika
Kulo msebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukuxuba kakuhle 4-5 kg ikalika elayiweyo malunga 10 iilitha zamanzi. Kunconywa ukuba uqale ukucoca umxube ofunyenwe ngale ndlela nge-sieve ukuze ususe amaqhuma amakhulu kunye nokungcola kuwo. Ngolu bungakanani bobisi lwekalika, igumbi elinommandla omalunga 4 x 4 m lingaqatywa mhlophe. Umaleko uya kuba mkhulu ukuba songeza kwaye sixube kakuhle malunga 1 kg umhlaba omhlophe kumxube. Umhlaba omhlophe kufuneka ufakwe emanzini iiyure 1-2 phambi kokuba wongeze. Ubumhlophe bombala bunganyuswa ngokudibanisa 1-2 dkg ultramarine. Ukongeza malunga ne-10 dkg ye-firnais okanye enye i-oyile yemifuno kumxube kuya kwenza kube lula ukugalela eludongeni.
Le miqulu kunye nezongezelelo zigcinwe ukuze zithembeke kumthombo wembali. Akufanele zisetyenziswe njengeresiphi yanamhlanje: ukubunjwa kunye nokuhambelana kwezixhobo akukaqinisekiswa, kwaye ukukhuselwa kwizinto ze-alkaline, i-splashes kunye nothuli kufuna uvavanyo lwangoku lomngcipheko.
Sinokupeyinta ngebhrashi yokucinezela okanye, ukuba asinayo, ngoko ngephiko elingabizi kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokupenda, uthuli kufuneka lususwe eludongeni kunye ne-broom okanye i-brush. Njengoko ikalika ingagqunywanga kakuhle, kuyacetyiswa, ngakumbi kwiindonga ezimdaka, ukucakwa mhlophe kabini.
Ikalika ayibambeleli kwiindonga esele zincinci, emva kokumisa umaleko osetyenzisiweyo uvele uwele. Ukuba sipeyinta udonga ngolu hlobo, okokuqala kufuneka sithambe ipeyinti endala ngamanzi kunye ne-brush, vumela ukuba idumbe kwaye uyisuse ngokupheleleyo nge-spatula.
Inzuzo yokuhlanjululwa mhlophe kukuba ayifuni iindleko eziphezulu kakhulu kwaye iphinda ibulale iintsholongwane kwindlu. Ukungalungi kwayo kukuba udonga alunambala, lungcola lula kwaye alukwazi ukuhlanjwa.
Ukupeyinta udonga
Udonga lunokutyabeka ngeentlobo ezininzi zeengubo. Umntu kufuneka akhethe eyona ifaneleka kakhulu. Ukuba asijoli ngokusisigxina kunye nokukwazi ukuhlamba i-coating, ke eyona nto iphantsi kwaye ilula kakhulu kukupeyinta ngemibala eboshwe nge-feg.2). Ukuba injongo yethu kukuba i-coating ibe yinto ehlobisayo, yomelele kwaye ihlambeke, ngoko kufuneka sipeyinte nge-polycolor.
Umfanekiso2-Imbali yokujonga umsebenzi wokupeyinta kwigumbi
Ukupeyinta ngemibala ebotshelelwe ngeteyiphu
Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise i-sanding, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba i-coating ekhoyo eludongeni ingafakwa isanti. Ukuba olo luhlu luqhekeke kakhulu, ludumbile okanye lukhulu kakhulu, ngoko kufuneka lususwe.
Ukukhutshwa koluhlu oludala lwenziwa ngokuwumanzisa ngebrashi emanzi kwaye uyikhuphe nge-spatula. Ukunyamekela kufuneka kuthathwe ukuba ungonakalisi i-plaster phantsi kwengubo endala. Lo msebenzi uthatha ixesha elininzi, kodwa uyimfuneko esisiseko yokusila umgangatho.
Ukuba iintanda kuluhlu oludala alubalulekanga kwaye umaleko awunzima kakhulu, ngoko kwanele ukususa nge-spatula kuphela iindawo ezidumbileyo neziqhekekileyo.
Emva kokususa isambatho esidala (okanye iinxalenye), uthuli kufuneka lususwe eludongeni ngomtshayelo kwaye udonga kufuneka lufakwe isepha. Ukwenza isepha, kufuneka unyibilikise malunga ne-1 kg yesepha kwi-emele enye yamanzi kwaye udibanise iindonga kunye nesilingi ngokulinganayo usebenzisa ibrashi.
Xa iindonga sele zomile ngokupheleleyo, lixesha lokuvala imingxuma, iintanda kunye nokudandatheka eludongeni.
Kufuneka udibanise 1 kg igypsum nesiqingatha selitha yamanzi equlathe 5 dkg yeputal esele ilungisiwe kunye nebilisiwe. Ilaphu linciphisa isantya sokumiswa kwe-plaster, ngoko umsebenzi wenziwa lula ngolu hlobo, kodwa umxube olungiselelwe ngale ndlela kufuneka usetyenziswe ngaphakathi kwe-15 minutes, oku kuthetha ukuba kuphela umxube omninzi kufuneka ulungiswe njengoko uya kusetyenziswa kwi-15 minutes.
I-Gypstering yemingxuma emincinci kunye nokuqhekeka eludongeni kwenziwa ngokusabalalisa ubunzima obuchazwe ngaphambili kunye nokulungiswa kwe-spatula, kwaye emva kokumisa ngokupheleleyo ukususa ukungalingani nge-sandpaper okanye iphepha elicwebezelayo.
Kwimisebenzi ekumgangatho ophezulu, iindonga zihlala zityatyekwa. Ukutyatyekwa, ubisi lwekalika luthathwa kunye neputtkal kunye nodaka olwaneleyo longezwa ukwenza ubunzima obunokuqatywa. Olu bunzima lusetyenziswe eludongeni ngamaxesha amaninzi kunye ne-spatula ebanzi, de kube ubuso bube tye ngokupheleleyo. (Nceda uqaphele ukuba xa usebenzisa i-fearinging, kwaye ngakumbi xa usenza isiseko sepateni, ukugudisa kunokushiywa). Umphezulu otyatyekiweyo watyatyekwa kufuneka uqatywe ngesisombululo sesepha. Emva kwale mi sebenzi, ukucola kunokuqaliswa njengeyona njongo iphambili yomsebenzi. Okokuqala, imida yokutyabeka kwiindonga kunye nesilingi iphawulwe ngentambo, emva koko izinto ezifunekayo zokutyabeka isilingi zilungiswe (umkhiwane 3).
Umfanekiso 3 — Ukumakisha umgca womda ngomtya phambi kokubumba
Malunga ne 5 ilitha zamanzi, xuba 5 kg stričla kunye 1 kg umhlaba omhlophe ofakwe ngaphambili. Ukuxuba kunokwenziwa ngesandla ukuze amaqhuma atyunyuzwe kakuhle.
Kwesinye isitya, kwi-1 ilitha yamanzi, malunga ne-20 dkg ye-totkal kufuneka ibiliswe de inyibilike ngokupheleleyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ungatshisi intlama xa upheka.
Isisombululo seglue kufuneka sipholiswe kancinci kwaye xa sele sidikidiki ngokwaneleyo, kufuneka sifakwe kwisisombululo sedayi esilungisiweyo ngokushukumisa rhoqo.
Imfihlelo yomgangatho wesanti eludongeni kwixabiso elifunekayo le-putty eyongezelelweyo. Oko kukuthi, inani elifunekayo leepeyinti zomgubo liyatshintsha ukusuka kwimeko ukuya kwelinye. Ngoko ke, isixa ebesinikiweyo ngaphambili se-20 dkg sinolwazi kuphela, kufuneka simisele ngokwethu isixa esichanekileyo. Kufuneka kwaziwe ukuba ekuqaleni ukongezwa kwe-tutkal exutywe kwaye ixutywe kwi-strikla, i-strikla iqala ukujiya, emva kokugalela okwesibini okanye kwesithathu, iyancipha ngakumbi, kwaye kamva iyancipha. Ukongeza intlama kunye nokuxuba kufuneka kuqhutyekwe ude uzive ngathi ubunzima buncinci phantsi kwesandla sakho kwaye iqala ukuthontsiza kancinci esandleni sakho xa uyikhupha entongeni. Ukuba iminwe yesandla ivaliwe kwaye ivulwe kwakhona, ifilimu encinci yepeyinti yenziwa phakathi kwabo. Ukuququzelela ukusetyenziswa kwepeyinti ngebrashi, yongezwa kwipende emva kokongezwa kwe-putty kunye ne-deciliters ezimbalwa zobisi. Musa ukwenza iphutha xa ufaka i-putty, kuba ukuba incinci yongezwa, ipeyinti iyacinywa eludongeni ngendlela yepowder emva kokumisa, kwaye ukuba kuninzi, ke ipeyinti iwela ngendlela yeeflakes ezincinci.
Ipeyinti ye-powder endala, i-putty okanye umxube ongaziwayo akufanele uhlolwe ngesandla esingenanto okanye uphekwe kwaye usetyenziswe ngokwale nkcazo. Ukudibana nolusu, ukuphefumla uthuli kunye nomphunga, ukufudumeza izinto kunye nokusetyenziswa kwindawo engaziwayo kufuna imveliso echongiweyo, ukungena komoya kunye nokhuseleko oludweliswe kwiphepha ledatha yokhuseleko.
Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo we-putty unokujongwa ngokuthatha isampuli kumxube kwaye uyiqabe kwiphepha lephepha. Lindela de yome, uze uzame ngeminwe eyomileyo ukuze ubone ukuba umbala ususiwe. Ukuba icinyiwe, kongezwa imisonto emininzi.
Emva kwale misebenzi yokulungiselela, zonke izinto ezisegumbini (ii-wardrobes, ii-chandeliers, njl.) kufuneka zigqunywe ngephepha, ngoko unokuqalisa ukupenda isilingi. Ukuxubha kufuneka kwenziwe ngebrashi “sheiben”. Kufuneka sihambise ibrashi ngokulinganayo, rhoqo kwicala elinye kwaye kwicala elihambelana nokukhanya kodonga, kuba ngale ndlela umkhondo webrashi uya kungabonakali kancinci. Ukuba isilingi yayingcoliswe kakhulu phambi kokuba kufakwe isanti, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyisanti kabini. Kule meko, kwisicelo sokuqala, ibrashi kufuneka ihanjiswe ngaphaya kolwalathiso lokukhanya. Akufanele nanini isetyenziswe ngokugqithiseleyo, kungcono ukusebenzisa ipeyinti kwiindawo ezininzi. Oko kukuthi, umaleko oshinyeneyo wepeyinti, othi ngesiquphe uqatywe eludongeni, uyaxobuka ngokukhawuleza emva kokoma.
Ukuba ukutyabeka isilingi kugqityiwe, sinokuqalisa ukutyabeka iindonga ezisecaleni.
Iindonga ezisecaleni zidla ngokupeyintwa ngokukhanya, imibala ephaphathekileyo. Imibala yePastel yenziwa ngokuqala ukwenza isiseko esimhlophe 5 kg Viennese white, 5 kg umhlaba omhlophe kunye malunga 5 ilitha zamanzi. 30-50 dkg yepeyinti yomgubo yongezwa kulo mxube (kuxhomekeke kumthunzi ofunekayo). Imibala yomgubo ingohluka kakhulu kwaye siza kukhankanya eyona ibalulekileyo apha.
Umbala wendlovu uphunyezwa ngokudibanisa i-ocher, kunye nombala we-drap uphunyezwa ngokudibanisa i-satinber. Umbala uya kugqama ngakumbi ngokongeza iChrome Yellow okanye iBaltimore Yellow. Ii-shades eziluhlaza zithandwa kakhulu, eziphunyezwa ngokongeza ukukhanya okanye okuluhlaza okumnyama (i-samente okanye i-fresco eluhlaza).
Umbala obhulowu uphunyezwa ngokongeza i-ultramarine okanye iblue azure. Ngemibala ebomvu, kufuneka udibanise iPompeian eBomvu kunye ne-Oxide eBomvu kunye ne-Oxide Rotten Cherry. Umbala ongwevu uphunyezwa ngokongeza mnyama kunye neoksidi emnyama.
Ukuba ipeyinti yomgubo ixutywe kakuhle, inani elifunekayo lokuzalisa liyongezwa. Kule nto, malunga ne-40 dkg ye-tutkal kufuneka ibiliswe kwiilitha zamanzi 2.
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Ukuba ipeyinti kwisilingi nakwiindonga sele yomile, umgca wokugqiba uyenziwa. Umgca wokugqibela kufuneka uqale umakishwe (uphiniwe). Ukumakisha kungenziwa ngendlela elula ngentambo efakwe nge-ocher okanye ipende emnyama. Esinye isiphelo sentambo sigxininiswe ngesikhonkwane kwaye sigxininiswe kakuhle ngaphezu kwendawo yokumakisha oyifunayo, itsalwe ngeminwe kwaye ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza, ukwenzela ukuba ipeyinti, okanye intambo ishiye uphawu. Emva koko, i-counter-tone idalwe kumbala wesiseko, ukwenzela ukuba umgca ubonakale, kwaye umgca wokugqibela uqulunqwe ngebrashi. Lo msebenzi kufuneka wenziwe ngenyameko enkulu. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ibrashi esele isetyenzisiwe kwimigca yokuzoba, ethi “run-in”, kunye nerula, okanye isixhobo sokukhupha (umzobo 4).
Umfanekiso 4 — Ukumakisha kunye nokubunjwa komgca wokugqibela
Ukuba iindonga ezinepateni ziyanqweneleka, kufuneka kusetyenziswe irola yetanki (kunokwenzeka ukuba ibolekiwe). Kucetyiswa ngokukodwa ukwenza ipatheni iindonga, ukuba udonga alunakwaneleyo, kuba iipatheni ngenxa yempembelelo ye-optical isusa ezi zitenxo. Ipateni kufuneka yenziwe kumbala ofanayo okanye kumbala ohambelana nombala wesiseko, kodwa kwithoni elula okanye emnyama. Ukubambelela kakuhle, yongeza ubisi oluncinci.
Ukuba iipatheni zenziwe ngesilivere okanye imibala yegolide-yebronze, ngoko endaweni yokuziva, iglasi yamanzi yongezwa kwisisombululo. Malunga nesiqingatha somthamo wamanzi kufuneka wongezwe kwiglasi yamanzi. 1 ilitha yeglasi yamanzi ehlanjululweyo yongezwa 10-15 dkg ye-aluminiyam okanye ipeyinti yegolide yobhedu, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu begumbi. Emva kokuxuba imibala, umxube udinga ixesha lokuma. Endaweni yesisombululo seglasi yamanzi, ungasebenzisa isisombululo sobumhlophe beqanda (umhlophe we 6-8 amaqanda malunga 1/2 ilitha yamanzi).
Ii-pigments, i-metal powders, iglasi yamanzi kunye nezibophelelo eziphuculweyo akufanele zixutywe ngokwale recipe yembali. Ukubunjwa kwee-pigments ezindala kungaziwa, umgubo ococekileyo unokuba yingozi ekuphefumleni, kwaye ukuhambelana kunye nokuziphatha kwengubo egqityiweyo ayikaqinisekiswanga.
Ukufaka ipateni (ukupenda), ipeyinti elungiselelwe kufuneka igalelwe kwitanki ye-roller. Cinezela i-roller ngokulinganayo eludongeni kwaye utsale ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi ngokuthe ngqo kwicala elithe nkqo. Qinisekisa ukuba i-basted seams ilungile ecaleni komnye nomnye kwaye ihambelana, ngaphandle koko iphethini iya kuba ingalingani okanye idibene.
Ukupeyinta iindonga nge-emulsion okanye iipeyinti zokuchithakala
Ukugquma ngepolycolor okanye imibala yokusasazeka kusisigxina kwaye buhle ngakumbi kunombala obotshelelwe ngelaphu. Kuyinzuzo ngakumbi ukuba iindawo ezincinci zodonga zingahlanjwa kunye nale ngubo. Ukungcola, iidiphozithi zesoti zisuswa ngokulula kwiindonga kunye ne-detergent (ngaphandle kwe-lye) kunye namanzi. Imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kufuneka ilandelwe, njengoko isambatho esingasetyenziswanga kakuhle sinokukhuhla okanye ukuxobula kamva. Ngokukodwa, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kumyalelo omalunga nokulungiswa komphezulu. Ipeyinti emhlophe esisiseko kunye neepasti eziyimfuneko zokuxuba imibala ye-pastel inokufumaneka kwivenkile. I-Pastes inokufumaneka kule mibala ilandelayo: i-yellow, i-ocher, eluhlaza, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, obomvu obomvu kunye nomnyama.
Irola kunye namakhadi ethoni yokukhetha umbala wokugqibela wodonga
Ukupeyinta igumbi elinye ngokusekwe 4 x 4 m, udinga malunga 14-16 kg umbala osisiseko kunye malunga 1/4 kg ncamathelisa kumbala owufunayo. Umxholo wokunamathisela kwi-coating akufanele udlule 3%, kuba isixa esikhulu siya kunciphisa amandla okuhlamba iindonga. Kwiimeko ezininzi, malunga 0,5% ukuncamathisela kwanele iithowuni ezikhaphukhaphu. Ngaphambi kokugaya, yonke indawo eludongeni kufuneka ihlanjululwe ukuze igudiswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye imanziswe kakuhle ngebrashi. Ipeyinti mayingafakwa kwindawo eyomileyo.
Okokuqala, ipriming kufuneka yenziwe ngendlela yokuba isiseko 4 kg sixutywe malunga 1 1/2 ilitha yamanzi, emva koko iisilingi kunye neendonga zidityaniswe ngokulinganayo kunye ne-brush enye kwicala elinye. Xa esi siseko somile, isilingi igqunywe amaxesha amabini ngaphezulu ngesiseko esixutywe malunga ne-10% yamanzi. Ixesha lokumisa phakathi kweengubo ezimbini kufuneka ubuncinane 3-5 iiyure.
Phambi kokuba uqalise ukupeyinta iindonga, kufuneka udibanise ithoni yombala oyifunayo. Kule nto kufuneka siqale sihlambulule i-paste ngokuphindwe kabini okanye kathathu inani lepeyinti emhlophe kwaye udibanise kakuhle. Esi sisombululo kufuneka songezwe kwisiseko sepeyinti emhlophe kunye nokuvuselela rhoqo. Okwangoku, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya ukuba ithoni efunwayo ifunyenwe. Kufuneka silumke ukuba umbala ukhaphukhaphu kancinci xa umanzi.
Ipeyinti elungisiweyo ihlanjululwe malunga ne-10% yamanzi kwaye ifakwe eludongeni kwimigangatho emibini usebenzisa ibrashi. Ixesha lokumisa phakathi kwedyasi ezimbini kufuneka kwakhona libe 3-5 iiyure apha.
Emva kokugqiba umzobo, i-brush kufuneka ihlanjwe ngokukhawuleza emanzini, kuba ukuba yomile, ipeyinti inokususwa kuphela kwi-brush kunye ne-solvent (i-acetone, njl.). Amathontsi asuka emgangathweni nawo kufuneka asuswe ngokukhawuleza ngamanzi, kuba emva kokumisa anokususwa kuphela nge-solvent.
Iipeyinti zokusabalalisa azithinteli “ukuphefumula” kwendalo kweendonga, zingaxutywa ngamanzi, zingabi nefuthe elibi kwimpilo, musa ukudala ingozi yomlilo kwaye ayinayo iphunga elimnandi. Iipeyinti zokusasazwa zinokusetyenziswa ngokulula ukwenza iipateni kunye nemigca yokugqiba.
Amabango amalunga neempembelelo kwimpilo, umlilo, ivumba, “ukuphefumla” kodonga, ubuninzi bamanzi kunye nendlela yokucoca ayivumelekanga ngokuzenzekelayo kuzo zonke iipeyinti zokusasazwa zangoku. I-solvents, kubandakanywa ne-acetone, akufanele isetyenziswe ngaphandle kwemiyalelo ecacileyo yomenzi, ukujonga i-substrate, ukungena komoya kunye nokukhuselwa kwimiphunga kunye nomlilo. Isibhengezo kunye nephepha ledatha yezobugcisa kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso echanekileyo ligunyazwe.
Ukutyatywa kweendonga zangaphandle
Ukutyatyekwa kweendonga zangaphandle kusonjululwa ngokulula ngokupeyinta. Ubisi lwekalika olufunyenwe ngokuxutywa kwekalika elayitiweyo kunye namanzi ngokomlinganiselo 1:1 luyafuneka ekuhlambeni mhlophe. Kuphela kusetyenziswa ikalika edalekileyo esetyenzisiweyo (i-slaked 2-3 kwiiveki phambi kokutyatyekwa), kuba ikalika esandula ukwenziwa ayincangathi edongeni.
Umaleko wokuqala ugalelwa kuphela ngobisi lwekalika. Kwinqanaba lesibini, ipeyinti yepowder yongezwa kwithoni efunwayo. Ngesiqhelo 5-20% umbala womgubo wongezwa ngokusekelwe kubungakanani bekalika.
Ukufezekisa ithoni efunekayo, kuphela imibala enokuxutywa nekalika enokusetyenziswa, eyile: ocher, satinober, Venetian red, lacquer black, oxide black, sement green kunye neultramarine. Imibala efana ne: I-Light Red, i-Chrome Yellow, i-Baltimore Yellow, i-Fresco Green, i-Zinc Green, i-Azure Blue, i-Odol Blue, i-Turkish Red, njl njl. ayinakusetyenziselwa ukupeyinta iindonga zangaphandle.
Ukuze kube lula ukusetyenziswa kwepeyinti ngebrashi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibanise ipesenti ezimbalwa zeoli yemifuno (umzekelo, ioli ye-linseed) kwipeyinti.
Ingcono kakhulu kwaye intle icoatings inokufumaneka kwiifacade ezinepeyinti ye-polycolor xa kuthelekiswa nokwaleka kwekalika.
Ukusebenza kwi-facade ukongezelela kubandakanya ukufikelela okukhuselekileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kokuwa, iimeko zemozulu, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nabadlulayo, imeko kunye nomswakama we-substrate kunye nokuhambelana kwayo yonke inkqubo ye-facade. Umyinge wekalika, amanzi, umbala kunye ne-oyile kule nkcazo yembali akufuneki isetyenziswe ngaphandle koyilo lwangoku kunye neenkcukacha zomenzi.