Ukushayela izinzipho kuwumsebenzi ovame kakhulu futhi obonakala ulula kakhulu. Yebo, lo msebenzi nawo unezici zawo.

Ungavinjwa kanjani izinkuni ukuthi zingaqhekeki

Isibonelo, isipikili esinqunyiwe noma ithiphu “esifiphele” asibangeli ukuqhekeka noma ukwelula imicu yokhuni, kodwa siyayisika, siyidabule (isithombe1, ingxenye1). Amabhodi azacile athambekele ekuqhekekeni aklebhule ngalezi zinzipho. Lena indlela elula yokushayelela isipikili ngaphandle kokuqhekeka izinkuni.

Uma izinzipho ezimbalwa ziza emugqeni owodwa, qaphela ukuthi azikho emugqeni ofanayo, ngoba ukushayelela izipikili emugqeni ofanayo wemicu kungabangela ukuthi ukhuni luqhekeke. Izinzipho kufanele zishayelwe ngesando ku-“zig-zag” noma kube imigqa emithathu (isithombe 1, ingxenye 2).

Uma uhlanganisa izingcezu ezimbili zokhuni, kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi “singakwazi ukuqinisa” izingcezu komunye nomunye ngezinzipho ezinwetshiwe. Ukubethela okutshekile, kwesinye isikhathi kuhlangothi olulodwa, kwesinye isikhathi kwenye, kuvimbela ukunyakaza okungase kube khona kwezicucu (isithombe 1, ingxenye 3).

Imidwebo yobuchwepheshe yephuzu elibuthuntu, ukuhleleka kwamazombe, ukutsheka nokusekela okunyakazayo

Isithombe 1: Ukufiphaza ithiphu, ukubekwa nokuqondiswa kwezipikili nokusekela ibhodi.

Ukusekelwa kwebhodi kanye nesiqondiso sokudubula

Uma ushayela izipikili, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusekela uhlangothi oluphambene lwento (ukubamba isibali). Uma ibhodi libanjwe esandleni noma lisekelwe kude nendawo ye-riveting ngesikhathi se-riveting, liguquguquka ngokunwebeka - linikeza umthelela. Isipikili esishayelwe ngale ndlela sivame ukugoba futhi kunzima ukusishayela. Uma sishayelela isipikili emabhodini amabili, ngeke akhangwe ngokwanele omunye nomunye yizipho (isithombe 1, ingxenye 4).

Ithuluzi elihle lokusekela lapho ushayela izipikili isando, okufanele okungenani sibe nesisindo esiphindwe kathathu kunesando esisetshenziswa ukushayelela izipikili. Ukusekelwa kufanele kwenziwe endaweni enkulu, hhayi endaweni eyodwa kuphela yebhodi, futhi eduze ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni ye-riveting. Uma ichopho lesipikili lingangeni ebhodini, khona-ke ukusekela kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwesipikili.

Uma sishayelela izipikili eziningi futhi sifuna ukuvimbela ukuxegiswa kwezipikili esezishayelwe kakade phezu komthelela, khona-ke isihloko sesipikili esishayelelwe kufanele sigotshwe nge-engeli30-45° ngokushaya ingxenye engezansi yesipikili ngengxenye ecijile yesando.

Kufanele siqale ukubethela izipikili ngamagalelo alula wefenisha (Fig2, ingxenye1) ukushaya kusukela esihlakaleni, kuyilapho ubambe isando ngaphezu kokuphela kwesibambo. Ngemva kokushaywa kokuqala okubuthakathaka, singakwazi ukulawula ukuthi isipikili sihamba ngendlela esiyifunayo. Kuphela ngokushaywa okuvamile ekhanda le-nail singathemba ukuthi isipikili sizongena ngqo endabeni ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela.

Iphutha elivame kakhulu labaqalayo ukuthi isiqondiso sokunyakaza kwesando kanye ne-axis ye-nail akufani. Uma isipikili sihamba ngendlela engafanele futhi singagobile, singasiqondisa ngamagalelo amancane endaweni yokungena ezintweni.

Umuntu oqalayo ongenalwazi akufanele asebenze ngezinzipho ezisetshenzisiwe, eziqondile. Noma yikuphi ukonga kuyancomeka, kodwa kulokhu akuholeli emgomweni.

Lapho ukushaya kokuqala ku-nail sekuphumelele, singadlulela ku-riveting, lapho kufanele sibambe isando eduze nokuphela kwesibambo futhi ngokuma okuqondile kwengxenye engenhla yephuzu, sishaya kusukela endololwaneni, siyiphakamise cishe.45°. Kuyasiza ukukala ibanga lendololwane kusukela ekhanda likazipho. Ngale ndlela, kufanele sigcine isiqondiso sesando kuphela futhi ibanga elifanele liza ngokwalo.

Kubalulekile ukukala ukushaya kokugcina lapho ibanga phakathi kwekhanda le-nail nebhodi liselikhulu, ngakho-ke ngokushaya kokugcina sishayela ikhanda le-nail ebhodini futhi (isithombe2, ingxenye1/a). Uma ingxenye encane ye-nail iphuma, isiqalo esingenalwazi sizolimaza ubuso bezinkuni ngokushaya emuva.

Ukugoba isihloko sozipho nokuvikela iminwe

Ukuze ugobe ichopho lesipikili esaphuma ngakolunye uhlangothi lwebhodi, ifayela elingunxantathu lingasetshenziswa, okungase lisasebenziseka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye ye-nail egobayo kufanele ibe1,2-2izikhathi ezinde kunobude bohlangothi olulodwa lwefayela elingunxantathu.

Sifaka ifayela ohlangothini lwesipikili futhi ngokushaya okuncane kwesando, futhi kusukela ohlangothini, sishaye ukuphela kwesipikili efayeleni. Isihloko se-nail sibe “sigoqwe” phezu konqenqema olungaphezulu lwefayela. Ihuku elitholwe ngale ndlela libethelwa phezulu esikhonkwaneni ngamagalelo amabili noma amathathu esando ebhodini (Fig2, ingxenye2).

Labo abesaba iminwe yabo kufanele basebenzise iziqondiso zezinzipho - lokhu akwenziwa kuphela yilabo abangakaze benze imbali eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esihlokweni somunwe wabo, ngokushaywa ngengozi kwesando. Ngale njongo, i-pliers flat ingasebenza kahle kakhulu (Fig2, ingxenye3), lapho isipikili esinqunyiwe singabethelwa kalula, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukushaya umunwe wakho.

Imidwebo yobuchwepheshe yalapho ishaya khona, ukugoba ichopho, ukubamba isipikili ngodlawu nokukhipha isipikili ngephini

Isithombe2: Ukushayela, ukugoba nokukhipha izinzipho.

Ukukhipha izinzipho

Ubuciko bezandla ngokuvamile abuqali ngokuhlanganisa isakhiwo kusuka kumpahla entsha, kodwa ngokudiliza isakhiwo esidala ukuze kutholakale impahla yomsebenzi omusha. Ezimweni eziningi, ukususwa kwezipikili ezinesando kuhlotshaniswa nalo msebenzi.

Umsebenzi wokuqala ukuqondisa ichopho lesipikili. Kulo msebenzi, ithuluzi elifana ne-screwdriver elinomphetho ogobile kufanele lenziwe, lapho ukuphela okugobile kwe-nail kungaqhutshwa ngomonakalo omncane okhunini. Akufanelekile ukushaya phezulu kwesipikili kuze kube yilapho siqondiswa ngokuphelele, njengoba lokho kuzovele kugobe emuva. Nokho, lapho sesiyiqondise ngokuphelele, ngokushaya okufushane kwesando phezulu kwesipikili, singayihambisa kangangokuthi ingasuswa ngakolunye uhlangothi ngaphansi kwekhanda ngodlawu, noma ithuluzi lokususa izipikili. I-screwdriver egobile echazwe ngaphambilini ingasebenza njengethuluzi lokususa izinzipho, ukuze ithiphu igcwaliswe ngesimo sohlamvu “V” (isithombe 2, ingxenye 4).

Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokususa izipikili njenge-lever, ukuze indawo engezansi, enqunywe ngesimo sohlamvu V, iphushwe ngaphansi kwekhanda lesipikili. Vumela ingxenye engezansi egobile yethuluzi ihlale okhunini, ngesikhathi esifanayo ucindezele isiphetho eside ngesibambo sibheke phansi.

Ake sikhulume imithetho emibili ebalulekile: Ukusika kuka-V kufanele kumboze i-nail shaft ngendlela engcono kakhulu esingakhona ngayo, ukuze ingxenye engezansi ye-lever ibe mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka. Beka i-pad (eyenziwe ngensimbi noma ngokhuni) ngaphansi “kwe-elbow” yethuluzi, ukuze ungalimazi ubuso bokhuni. Lapho uzipho luqala, kancane kancane sikhulisa ukujiya kwephedi, ukuze sisebenzise amandla angcono kakhulu okudonsa.

Amapulangwe ajwayelekile nawo angasetshenziswa ukususa izinzipho (isithombe 2, ingxenye 5). Kungcono ukusebenzisa impintshisi njenge “lever” kunokudonsa isipikili sibheke emzimbeni. Isipikili esikhululiwe okwesikhashana ngenxa yokugoba futhi kanye naso amaphinifa andiza ngamandla amakhulu futhi angabangela ingozi. Ikakhulukazi, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi singashayeli isipikili ngasekhanda.

Izinhlobo eziyisisekelo nokumaka kwezinzipho

Ngaphezu kokuthi sizofunda mayelana nezipikili ngokuningiliziwe kwenye indawo, lapha sizobonisa izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezipikili. Lezi yizi: isipikili esinekhanda elicwilisiwe elincanyana (emasondo okhuni), isipikili esinekhanda eliyisicaba, esikwazi kahle ukuthi, isipikili esinekhanda eliyisigamu esiyindilinga nesibambo esikhonjwe nhlangothi zombili (sisetshenziselwa ukuvikela isibambo ukuthi singawi, isithombe 3).

Umdwebo wobuchwepheshe wezinzipho ezinezinzipho eziwumngcingo, amakhanda ayisicaba kanye nezindilinga eziyindilinga nezinzipho zezibambo zomnyango

Umfanekiso 3: Izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezinzipho kanye nesibonelo sokumaka ubukhulu.

Isici esivamile sazo zonke izinzipho ukuthi ubukhulu bazo bunikezwa ngendlela yokuphindaphinda, isb. 25×25. Inombolo yokuqala ibonisa ububanzi be-nail shaft engxenyeni yeshumi ye-millimeter, futhi inombolo yesibili ibonisa ubude be-shaft ngamamilimitha. Ukumaka okusetshenzisiwe kubonisa uzipho 2,5 mm ukujiya (okungukuthi 25 okweshumi kwemilimitha) kanye 2,5 cm ubude (25 mm). Izinzipho ezinde ngokuvamile ziba nogqinsi olukhulu.

Ukufuna ucezu lwesipikili esitolo esikhethekile kusho ukukhaphela ukungazi kwakho. Okungukuthi, izinzipho zithengiswa ngekhilogremu. Ukuze uthole ulwazi, sinikeza isisindo sezipikili kusuka kuzingcezu ezingu-1000, i.e. ukupakishwa:

Uphawu lwezinzipho Isisindo 1000 izingcezu Ukupakisha
10×10 0,7 kg 1 kg
20×40 1,0 kg 2 kg
31×70 4,35 kg 5 kg
50×130 20,80 kg 5 kg
70×200 61,50 kg 5 kg

Isisindo sezinzipho zekhanda elicwile ahluke neze kuleso sezinzipho zekhanda eliyisicaba, kanti izinzipho zekhanda eliyindilinga uhhafu nezinzipho zikanovini womnyango zilula kancane.

Ngaphambi kokuba sijwayelane nezakhi zokuhlanganisa ekwakhiweni kokubaza nokubaza, kubalulekile ukujwayelana nakakhulu nesinye sezakhi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu - isipikili. Sinakho ezandleni zethu cishe nsuku zonke, isb. lapho unamathisela izithombe odongeni, upholstering, ufaka izingidi, izinsimbi, njll. Kubalulekile ukuthi sithenge izipikili ezifanele zempahla ethile yomsebenzi othile.

Ukuze wenze ukukhetha okufanele, kuyadingeka ukwazi igama lokuhweba, izilinganiso kanye nezinhlobo zezipikili. Izilinganiso kanye nezinto zokwenza izipikili zinikezwa ngamazinga.

Ikhathalogi encane yezinzipho

Ikhathalogi yobuchwepheshe yezinhlobo eziyishumi nambili zezinzipho ezimakwe ngezinombolo

Isithombe4: Ikhathalogi encane yezinzipho.

  1. Isipikili esinekhanda eliyisicaba sinekhanda elinogwaja elinosayizi abakhulu ukuze isando singasheleli lapho ushayela. Ingasetshenziselwa zonke izinto zokhuni, ikakhulukazi amabhodi e-riveting, ama-slats (amacala, amashalofu).

  2. I-Narrow Countersunk Head Nail inekhanda elincane kune-flat head nail, i-cylindrical kancane (efana nekhanda lephini). Ifaneleka ngokuyinhloko umsebenzi wokubaza (ifenisha, ama-pathos, njll.), ngoba ikhanda layo liphinde lingene ezintweni, ngakho-ke i-planer ingakwazi ukuslayida phezu kwayo.

  3. I-Wallpaper nail ivamise ukuba mpunga noma insimbi-blue ngombala. Isetshenziselwa ukuphina izindwangu ku-upholstery.

  4. **I-decorative wallpapering nail ** isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa imiphetho nemiphetho yezindwangu. Ithengiswa ngemibala emine: i-nickel, iphuzi, i-oxide ebomvu kanye nomnyama.

  5. Isikhonkwane sokukhiya senziwa ubude obungu-20 mmngekhanda eliyisiyingi. Njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, isetshenziselwa ukubopha izingidi kumafasitela, iminyango, amadeski, amakhabethe, njll.

  6. Izipikili zokubopha zinesiqu esinamagatsha ukuze sibambe kangcono. Isetshenziselwa ukubethela ukuqinisa ekhoneni kumafasitela nama-rails emibundwini. Ayibambeki ngemva kokuthayipha, ngoba inekhanda elihlehlisiwe.

  7. Uzipho olumise okwe-U. Ukumakwa kwezilinganiso kuyefana nokwezinye izinhlobo zezinzipho (isb. 18×18), ngaphandle kokuthi inombolo yesibili lapha ikhombisa ingqikithi yobude bazo zombili izingalo. Isetshenziselwa ukunamathisela iziphethu nezintambo okhunini.

  8. I-stucco nail ikhiqizwa ngosayizi 2×30. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziselwa ukuplasta, iphinde isetshenziselwe ukubopha okwesikhashana izintambo namapuleti amancane.

  9. I-Hook Nail* inehhuku eyisicaba kanye ne-square shaft. Kuyadingeka ekulengiseni izinto ezahlukahlukene njenge: izibuko, izithombe, amashalofu, njll.

  10. I-Steel Picture Nail ingesinye sezinzipho ezithile. Inekhanda eliyisicaba, eliyindilinga elingambozwa ngekepisi lethusi. Ingabethelwa futhi odongeni lwesitini.

  11. Uzipho lomkhandi wezicathulo. Kulesi sikhonkwane, kunikezwa isilinganiso sobude esingu-8–12 mm kuphela. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi embonini, kodwa futhi iyadingeka ekulungiseni izicathulo. Ilungele riveting izinto ezincane.

  12. Uzipho olucwebezelayo luwucezu lukanxantathu lweshidi lensimbi. Isetshenziselwa amafasitela acwebezelayo, iminyango nezithombe ezinamafreyimu okhuni. Ummese wokuhlanganisa ungadonseka kalula phezu kwawo (isithombe 4).

Izinzipho zokhuni noma izikulufu

Ukusetshenziswa kwezipikili kunenombolo yokungalungi: kudinga ulwazi lochwepheshe lapho ushaya ngesando, lapho ususa izipikili, ukhuni luyalimala, lapho usomiswa ukhuni, isipikili siyaxega. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa izikulufu zokhuni.

Izihloko ezihlobene: ukonakala kokhuni, amawindi okhuni kanye neminyango.